Multiple sclerosis in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa: An epidemiological and clinical study

Multiple Sclerosis

Volumn 13, Issue 9, 2007, Pages 1095-1099

  Bhigjee, A I ^a,b   Moodley, K ^a   Ramkissoon, K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

^b INKOSI ALBERT LUTHULI CENTRAL HOSPITAL   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Epidemiology; Multiple sclerosis; South Africa

Indexed keywords

OLIGOCLONAL BAND;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARTICLE; CAUCASIAN; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ANALYSIS; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA COLLECTION METHOD; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; INDIAN; LABORATORY TEST; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEGRO; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OPTIC NEURITIS; PREVALENCE; RACE DIFFERENCE; SAMPLING; SOUTH AFRICA; STANDARDIZATION; ETHNOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; STATISTICS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; AGED; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; PREVALENCE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 39549123693     PISSN: 13524585     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1352458507079274     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Poser CM. The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: a general overview. Ann Neurol 1994; 36(Suppl 2): S180-93.
2. Dean G. Annual incidence, prevalence and mortality of multiple sclerosis in white South-African-born and in white immigrants to South Africa. Brit Med J 1967; 2: 724-30.
3. Ames FR, Louw S. Multiple sclerosis in coloured South Africans. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1977; 40: 729-35.
4. Rosman KD, Jacobs HA, Van Der Merwe CA. A new multiple sclerosis epidemic. S Afr Med J 1985; 68: 162-63.
5. Dean G. Bhigjee AI, Bill PLA, Fritz V, Chikanza IC, Thomas JE et al. Multiple sclerosis in black South Africans and Zimbabweans. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994; 57: 1064-69.
6. Polman CH, Reingold SC, Edan G, Filippi M, Hartung HP, Kappos L et al. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the "McDonald" criteria. Ann Neurol 2005; 58(6): 840-46.
7. The GIS K-NDoH KwaZulu Natal 2006 mid-year population data. Statistics South Africa, 2006.
8. Ahmad OB, Boschi-Pinto C, Lopez AD, Murray CJL, Lozano R, Inove M. Age standardization of rates: a new WHO standard. WHO, 2002.
9. Kurtzke JF. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in handbook of clinical neurology; 3(47): 259-287. Demyelinating diseases. In Koetsier JC (ed.). Elsevier Science Publishers, 1985 Series. (Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW, Klawans HL).
10. Mid year population estimates, South Africa 2006. Available at www.statssa.gov.za.
11. Singhal BS. Multiple sclerosis - Indian experience. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1985; 14(1): 32-26.
12. Bharucha NE, Bhazuche EP, Wadia NH, Singhal BS, Bharucha AE, Bhise AV et al. Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the Parsis of Bombay. Neurology 1988; 38(5): 727-29.
13. Wadia NH, Bhatia K. Multiple sclerosis is prevalent in the Zoroastrians (Parsis) of India. Ann Neurol 1990; 28(2): 177-79.
14. Kurtzke JF. A reassessment of the distribution of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1975; 51: 110-36.
15. Bhigjee AI. Multiple sclerosis in a black patient. S Afr Med J 1987; 72: 873-75.
16. Dean G, Blugjee AL, Bill PLA, Fritz V, Chikanza IC, Thomas JEP et al. Multiple Sclerosis in black South Africans and Zimbabweans. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994; 57: 1064-69.
17. Cosnett JE. Multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. S Afr Med J 1981; 60: 249-51.
18. Lennon VA, Wingenchuk DM, Kryzer TJ, Pittock SJ, Lucchinetti CF, Fujahara K et al. A serum antibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2004; 364: 2106-12.
19. Ames FR, Bowen RM. First coloured South African with multiple sclerosis confirmed by necropsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1979; 42: 731-33.
20. Fewster ME, Kies B. HLA antigens in multiple sclerosis in coloured South Africans. J Neurol Sci 1984; 66: 175-81.
21. Weinstock-Guttman B, Jacobs LD, Brownscheidle CM, Baier M, Rea DF, Apatoff BR et al. Multiple sclerosis characteristics in African American patients in the New York State Multiple Sclerosis Consortium. Multiple Sclerosis 2003; 9(3): 293-98.
22. Bakshi R, Hutton G, Miller J, Radne EW. The use of MRI in the diagnosis and long term management of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2004; 63(11): S3-S11.
23. Olek MJ, Dawson DM. Multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. In Bradley GW, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J (eds). Neurology in clinical practice, 4th edition. Elsevier, 2004; 1648-64.
24. Koch-Henricksen N. Multiple sclerosis in Scandinavia and Finland. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 1995; 161: 55-59.