-
1
-
-
0000589044
-
Production, information costs and economic organization
-
Alchian, A.A. Demsetz, H. (1972) Production, information costs and economic organization. American Economic Review, 62, 777 795.
-
(1972)
American Economic Review
, vol.62
, pp. 777-795
-
-
Alchian, A.A.1
Demsetz, H.2
-
2
-
-
84934453759
-
Complementarity and external linkages: The strategies of the large firms in biotechnology
-
Arora, A. Gambardella, A. (1990) Complementarity and external linkages: the strategies of the large firms in biotechnology. Journal of Industrial Economics, 38, 361 379.
-
(1990)
Journal of Industrial Economics
, vol.38
, pp. 361-379
-
-
Arora, A.1
Gambardella, A.2
-
3
-
-
0000584479
-
Economic welfare and the allocation of resources for inventions
-
In. Nelson, R. (ed.), Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp.
-
Arrow, K.J. (1962) Economic welfare and the allocation of resources for inventions. In Nelson, R. (ed.), The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity. Princeton : Princeton University Press, pp. 609 625.
-
(1962)
The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity.
, pp. 609-625
-
-
Arrow, K.J.1
-
4
-
-
0000196871
-
Knowhow trading as economic exchange
-
Carter, A.P. (1989) Knowhow trading as economic exchange. Research Policy, 18, 155 163.
-
(1989)
Research Policy
, vol.18
, pp. 155-163
-
-
Carter, A.P.1
-
5
-
-
0041480880
-
Tacit knowledge transfer and firm innovation capability
-
Cavusgil, S.T., Calantone, R.J. Zhao, Y. (2003) Tacit knowledge transfer and firm innovation capability. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 18, 6 21.
-
(2003)
Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing
, vol.18
, pp. 6-21
-
-
Cavusgil, S.T.1
Calantone, R.J.2
Zhao, Y.3
-
6
-
-
84936166194
-
Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation
-
Cohen, W.M. Levinthal, D.A. (1990) Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 128 152.
-
(1990)
Administrative Science Quarterly
, vol.35
, pp. 128-152
-
-
Cohen, W.M.1
Levinthal, D.A.2
-
7
-
-
0007651311
-
Core competencies and the strategic management of R&D
-
Coombs, R. (1996) Core competencies and the strategic management of R&D. R&D Management, 26, 345 355.
-
(1996)
R&D Management
, vol.26
, pp. 345-355
-
-
Coombs, R.1
-
8
-
-
0036724008
-
Innovation in pharmaceuticals: Perspectives on coordination, combination and creation of capabilities
-
Coombs, R. Metcalfe, J.S. (2002) Innovation in pharmaceuticals: perspectives on coordination, combination and creation of capabilities. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 14, 261 271.
-
(2002)
Technology Analysis and Strategic Management
, vol.14
, pp. 261-271
-
-
Coombs, R.1
Metcalfe, J.S.2
-
9
-
-
2442749679
-
Dangerous liaisons: Sharing knowledge within research and development alliances
-
In. Grandori, A. (ed.), London: Routledge, pp.
-
De Laat, P.B. (1999) Dangerous liaisons: sharing knowledge within research and development alliances. In Grandori, A. (ed.), Interfirm Networks: Organization and Industrial Competitiveness. London : Routledge, pp. 208 233.
-
(1999)
Interfirm Networks: Organization and Industrial Competitiveness.
, pp. 208-233
-
-
De Laat, P.B.1
-
10
-
-
84982757483
-
Biological revolution and strategies for innovation in pharmaceutical companies
-
Della Valle, F. Gambardella, A. (1993) Biological revolution and strategies for innovation in pharmaceutical companies. R&D Management, 23, 287 302.
-
(1993)
R&D Management
, vol.23
, pp. 287-302
-
-
Della Valle, F.1
Gambardella, A.2
-
11
-
-
0037374498
-
The price of innovation: New estimates of drug development costs
-
DiMasi, J.A., Hansen, R.W. Grabowski, H.G. (2003) The price of innovation: new estimates of drug development costs. Journal of Health Economics, 22, 151 185.
-
(2003)
Journal of Health Economics
, vol.22
, pp. 151-185
-
-
Dimasi, J.A.1
Hansen, R.W.2
Grabowski, H.G.3
-
12
-
-
0035254147
-
Managing uncertainty in research and development
-
Doctor, R.N., Newton, D.P. Pearson, A. (2001) Managing uncertainty in research and development. Technovation, 21, 79 90.
-
(2001)
Technovation
, vol.21
, pp. 79-90
-
-
Doctor, R.N.1
Newton, D.P.2
Pearson, A.3
-
13
-
-
0002466299
-
Make or buy - A key strategic issue
-
Ford, D. Farmer, D. (1986) Make or buy - a key strategic issue. Long Range Planning, 19, 54 62.
-
(1986)
Long Range Planning
, vol.19
, pp. 54-62
-
-
Ford, D.1
Farmer, D.2
-
15
-
-
0010286568
-
The pharmaceutical industry in the twentieth century: A reappraisal of the sources of innovation
-
Galambos, L. Sturchio, J. (1996) The pharmaceutical industry in the twentieth century: a reappraisal of the sources of innovation. History and Technology, 13, 83 100.
-
(1996)
History and Technology
, vol.13
, pp. 83-100
-
-
Galambos, L.1
Sturchio, J.2
-
16
-
-
3943075745
-
Genomics, ICT and the formation of R&D networks
-
Groenewegen, P. Wouters, P. (2004) Genomics, ICT and the formation of R&D networks. Genetics and Society, 23, 167 185.
-
(2004)
Genetics and Society
, vol.23
, pp. 167-185
-
-
Groenewegen, P.1
Wouters, P.2
-
17
-
-
84989023439
-
Understanding the rationale of strategic technology partnering: Interorganizational modes of cooperation and sectoral differences
-
Hagedoorn, J. (1993) Understanding the rationale of strategic technology partnering: interorganizational modes of cooperation and sectoral differences. Strategic Management Journal, 24, 371 385.
-
(1993)
Strategic Management Journal
, vol.24
, pp. 371-385
-
-
Hagedoorn, J.1
-
20
-
-
0036724487
-
Mind the gap: Information and communication technologies, knowledge activities and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry
-
Howells, J. (2002) Mind the gap: information and communication technologies, knowledge activities and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 14, 335 370.
-
(2002)
Technology Analysis and Strategic Management
, vol.14
, pp. 335-370
-
-
Howells, J.1
-
21
-
-
39449096025
-
Outsourcing for innovation: Systems of innovation and the role of knowledge intermediaries
-
In. Miozzo, M. Grimshaw, D. (eds.), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp.
-
Howells, J. (2006) Outsourcing for innovation: systems of innovation and the role of knowledge intermediaries. In Miozzo, M. Grimshaw, D. (eds.), Knowledge Intensive Business Services: Organizational Forms and National Institutions, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp. 61 81.
-
(2006)
Knowledge Intensive Business Services: Organizational Forms and National Institutions
, pp. 61-81
-
-
Howells, J.1
-
22
-
-
0041861299
-
The sourcing of technological knowledge: Distributed innovation processes and dynamic change
-
Howells, J., James, A. Malik, K. (2003) The sourcing of technological knowledge: distributed innovation processes and dynamic change. R&D Management, 33, 395 409.
-
(2003)
R&D Management
, vol.33
, pp. 395-409
-
-
Howells, J.1
James, A.2
Malik, K.3
-
24
-
-
0442277934
-
Innovation management as a post-modern phenomenon: The outsourcing of pharmaceutical R&D
-
Jones, O. (2000) Innovation management as a post-modern phenomenon: the outsourcing of pharmaceutical R&D. British Journal of Management, 11, 341 356.
-
(2000)
British Journal of Management
, vol.11
, pp. 341-356
-
-
Jones, O.1
-
25
-
-
0021554597
-
International R&D in pharmaceutical firms in the early twentieth century
-
Liebenau, J.M. (1984) International R&D in pharmaceutical firms in the early twentieth century. Business History, 26, 329 346.
-
(1984)
Business History
, vol.26
, pp. 329-346
-
-
Liebenau, J.M.1
-
26
-
-
33645089922
-
Product and process innovation in biopharmaceuticals - A new perspective on development
-
Lim, P.L.L., Garnsey, E. Gregory, M. (2006) Product and process innovation in biopharmaceuticals - a new perspective on development. R&D Management, 36, 27 36.
-
(2006)
R&D Management
, vol.36
, pp. 27-36
-
-
Lim, P.L.L.1
Garnsey, E.2
Gregory, M.3
-
27
-
-
0000310539
-
R&D and technology purchase through licence agreements: Complementary strategies and complementary assets
-
Lowe, J. Taylor, P. (1998) R&D and technology purchase through licence agreements: complementary strategies and complementary assets. R&D Management, 28, 263 278.
-
(1998)
R&D Management
, vol.28
, pp. 263-278
-
-
Lowe, J.1
Taylor, P.2
-
28
-
-
0001630757
-
Networks in transition: How industry events (re)shape interfirm relationships
-
Madhavan, R., Koka, B.R. Prescott, J.E. (1998) Networks in transition: how industry events (re)shape interfirm relationships. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 439 459.
-
(1998)
Strategic Management Journal
, vol.19
, pp. 439-459
-
-
Madhavan, R.1
Koka, B.R.2
Prescott, J.E.3
-
30
-
-
39449103595
-
-
Does co-location matter? Knowledge collaboration in the Swedish biotechnology-pharmaceutical sector. ESSY Working Paper, Chalmers, Gothenburg.
-
McKelvey, M., Alm, H. Riccabani, M. (2001) Does co-location matter? Knowledge collaboration in the Swedish biotechnology-pharmaceutical sector. ESSY Working Paper, Chalmers, Gothenburg.
-
(2001)
-
-
McKelvey, M.1
Alm, H.2
Riccabani, M.3
-
31
-
-
0042362172
-
Modularity, component outsourcing, and inter-firm learning
-
Mikkola, J.H. (2003) Modularity, component outsourcing, and inter-firm learning. R&D Management, 33, 439 454.
-
(2003)
R&D Management
, vol.33
, pp. 439-454
-
-
Mikkola, J.H.1
-
32
-
-
39449105989
-
-
Innovation processes in genomics industry sectors. Innogen Working Paper No. 5, ESRC Centre for Social and Economic Research on Innovation in Genomics, University of Edinburgh.
-
Mittra, J. (2003) Innovation processes in genomics industry sectors. Innogen Working Paper No. 5, ESRC Centre for Social and Economic Research on Innovation in Genomics, University of Edinburgh.
-
(2003)
-
-
Mittra, J.1
-
33
-
-
84974037890
-
Firm structure, government policy, and the organization of industrial research: Great Britain and the United States, 1900-1950
-
Mowery, D.C. (1984) Firm structure, government policy, and the organization of industrial research: Great Britain and the United States, 1900-1950. Business History Review, 58, 504 531.
-
(1984)
Business History Review
, vol.58
, pp. 504-531
-
-
Mowery, D.C.1
-
35
-
-
0000034899
-
Economies of scale in experimentation: Knowledge and technology in pharmaceutical R&D
-
Nightingale, P.L. (2000) Economies of scale in experimentation: knowledge and technology in pharmaceutical R&D. Industrial and Corporate Change, 9, 315 359.
-
(2000)
Industrial and Corporate Change
, vol.9
, pp. 315-359
-
-
Nightingale, P.L.1
-
38
-
-
0346456227
-
Technological change and network dynamics: Lessons from the pharmaceutical industry
-
Orsenigo, L., Pammolli, F. Riccaboni, M. (2001) Technological change and network dynamics: lessons from the pharmaceutical industry. Research Policy, 30, 485 508.
-
(2001)
Research Policy
, vol.30
, pp. 485-508
-
-
Orsenigo, L.1
Pammolli, F.2
Riccaboni, M.3
-
39
-
-
84989103663
-
Knowledge, integration and the locus of learning: An empirical analysis of process development
-
Pisano, G.P. (1994) Knowledge, integration and the locus of learning: an empirical analysis of process development. Strategic Management Journal, 15, 85 100.
-
(1994)
Strategic Management Journal
, vol.15
, pp. 85-100
-
-
Pisano, G.P.1
-
40
-
-
0002454342
-
Joint ventures and collaboration in the biotechnology industry
-
In. Mowery, D.C. (ed.), Ballinger, Cambridge, MA, pp.
-
Pisano, G.P., Shaw, W. Teece, D.J. (1988) Joint ventures and collaboration in the biotechnology industry In Mowery, D.C. (ed.), International Collaborative Ventures in U.S. Manufacturing, Ballinger, Cambridge, MA, pp. 182 222.
-
(1988)
International Collaborative Ventures in U.S. Manufacturing
, pp. 182-222
-
-
Pisano, G.P.1
Shaw, W.2
Teece, D.J.3
-
41
-
-
0032385358
-
Learning from collaboration: Knowledge and networks in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries
-
Powell, W.W. (1998) Learning from collaboration: knowledge and networks in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. California Management Review, 40, 228 240.
-
(1998)
California Management Review
, vol.40
, pp. 228-240
-
-
Powell, W.W.1
-
42
-
-
0030306449
-
Inter-organisational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Network learning in biotechnology
-
Powell, W.W., Koput, K.K. Smith-Doerr, L. (1996) Inter-organisational collaboration and the locus of innovation: network learning in biotechnology. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 116 145.
-
(1996)
Administrative Science Quarterly
, vol.41
, pp. 116-145
-
-
Powell, W.W.1
Koput, K.K.2
Smith-Doerr, L.3
-
43
-
-
0003106484
-
The core competence of the corporation
-
Prahalad, C. Hamel, G. (1990) The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business Review, 68, 79 91.
-
(1990)
Harvard Business Review
, vol.68
, pp. 79-91
-
-
Prahalad, C.1
Hamel, G.2
-
44
-
-
34247960584
-
Research and the firm in British industry, 1919-39
-
Sanderson, M. (1972) Research and the firm in British industry, 1919-39. Science Studies, 2, 107 151.
-
(1972)
Science Studies
, vol.2
, pp. 107-151
-
-
Sanderson, M.1
-
45
-
-
0036197498
-
Chemistry, manufacturing, and controls information in NDAs and ANDAs, supplements, Annual Reports, and other regulatory filings
-
Schein, R. Williams, R. (2002) Chemistry, manufacturing, and controls information in NDAs and ANDAs, supplements, Annual Reports, and other regulatory filings. Pharmaceutical Research, 19, 217 226.
-
(2002)
Pharmaceutical Research
, vol.19
, pp. 217-226
-
-
Schein, R.1
Williams, R.2
-
46
-
-
84989135041
-
Interfirm cooperation and start-up innovation in the biotechnology industry
-
Shan, W., Walker, G. Kogut, B. (1994) Interfirm cooperation and start-up innovation in the biotechnology industry. Strategic Management Journal, 15, 387 394.
-
(1994)
Strategic Management Journal
, vol.15
, pp. 387-394
-
-
Shan, W.1
Walker, G.2
Kogut, B.3
-
47
-
-
39449127071
-
-
Knowledge management is key to improving drug R&D cycles. R&D Magazine April, 18.
-
Studt, T. (2003) Knowledge management is key to improving drug R&D cycles. R&D Magazine April, 18.
-
(2003)
-
-
Studt, T.1
-
48
-
-
0000912370
-
Uncertainty in the transaction environment: An empirical test
-
Sutcliffe, K.M. Zaheer, A. (1998) Uncertainty in the transaction environment: an empirical test. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 1 23.
-
(1998)
Strategic Management Journal
, vol.19
, pp. 1-23
-
-
Sutcliffe, K.M.1
Zaheer, A.2
-
49
-
-
0036644343
-
Asset accumulation, interdependence and technological change: Evidence from pharmaceutical drug discovery
-
Thomke, S. Kuemmerle, W. (2002) Asset accumulation, interdependence and technological change: evidence from pharmaceutical drug discovery. Strategic Management Journal, 23, 619 635.
-
(2002)
Strategic Management Journal
, vol.23
, pp. 619-635
-
-
Thomke, S.1
Kuemmerle, W.2
-
50
-
-
0000025469
-
Small-firm formation in biotechnology: A comparison of France, Britain and Canada
-
Walsh, V., Niosi, J. Mustar, P. (1995) Small-firm formation in biotechnology: a comparison of France, Britain and Canada. Technovation, 15, 303 327.
-
(1995)
Technovation
, vol.15
, pp. 303-327
-
-
Walsh, V.1
Niosi, J.2
Mustar, P.3
-
52
-
-
84982706288
-
A shift to external alliances for product development in the pharmaceutical industry
-
Whittaker, E. Bower, D.J. (1994) A shift to external alliances for product development in the pharmaceutical industry. R&D Management, 24, 249 260.
-
(1994)
R&D Management
, vol.24
, pp. 249-260
-
-
Whittaker, E.1
Bower, D.J.2
-
53
-
-
0002406254
-
Knowledge and competence as strategic assets
-
In. Teece, D. (ed.), Ballinger, Cambridge, MA, pp.
-
Winter, S. (1987) Knowledge and competence as strategic assets. In Teece, D. (ed.), The Competitive Challenge: Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal, Ballinger, Cambridge, MA, pp. 159 183.
-
(1987)
The Competitive Challenge: Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal
, pp. 159-183
-
-
Winter, S.1
|