Ionospheric electric field estimates from radar observations of the equatorial electrojet

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 105, Issue A2, 2000, Pages 2443-2460

  Hysell, D L ^a   Burcham, J D ^a  

^a CLEMSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 39449135918     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999ja900461     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Anandarao, B. G., R. Raghavararao, and C. R. Reddi, Electric fields by gravity wave winds in the equatorial ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 1510, 1977.
2. Balsley, B. B., Measurement of electron drift velocities in the nighttime equatorial electrojet, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 31, 475, 1969a.
3. Balsley, B. B., Some characteristics of non-two-stream irregularities in the equatorial electrojet, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 2333, 1969b.
4. Balsley, B. B., Electric fields in the equatorial ionosphere: A review of techniques and measurements, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 35, 1035, 1973.
5. Balsley, B. B., and R. F. Woodman, On the control of the F region drift velocity by the E region electric field: experimental evidence, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 31, 865, 1969.
6. Balsley, B. B., B. G. Fejer, and D. T. Farley, Radar measurements of neutral winds and temperatures in the equatorial E region, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 1457, 1976.
7. Basu, S., et al., Scintillations, plasma drifts, and neutral winds in the equatorial ionosphere after sunset, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 26,795, 1996.
8. Broche, P., M. Crochet, and J. Gegnepain, Neutral winds and phase velocity of the instabilities in the equatorial electrojet, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 1145, 1978.
9. Cohen, R., Phase velocities of irregularities in the equatorial electrojet, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 222, 1973.
10. Devasia, C. V., and C. A. Reddy, Retrieval of east-west wind in the equatorial electrojet from the local wind generated electric field, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, 1233, 1995.
11. Farley, D. T., Theory of equatorial electrojet plasma waves: New developments and current status, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 47, 729, 1985.
12. Farley, D. T., B. B. Balsley, R. F. Woodman, and J. P. McClure, Equatorial spread F: Implications of VHF radar observations, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 7199, 1970.
13. Farley, D. T., H. M. Ierkic, and B. G. Fejer, Radar interferometry: A new technique for studying plasma turbulence in the ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 1467, 1981.
14. Farley, D. T., E. Bonelli, B. G. Fejer, and M. F. Larsen, The prereversal enhancement of the zonal electric field in the equatorial ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 13,723, 1986.
15. Fejer, B. G., The electrodynamics of the low-latitude ionosphere: Recent results and future challenges, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., in press, 1997.
16. Fejer, B. G., E. R. de Paula, and L. Scherliess, Effects of the vertical plasma drift velocity on the generation and evolution of equatorial spread F, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 19,859, 1999.
17. Fejer, B. G., J. F. Providakes, and D. T. Farley, Theory of plasma waves in the auroral E region, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 7487, 1984.
18. Forbes, J. M., The equatorial electrojet, Rev. Geophys., 19, 469, 1981.
19. Gagnepain, J., M. Crochet, and A. D. Richmond, Comparison of equatorial electrojet models, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 39, 1119, 1977.
20. Haerendel, G., J. V. Eccles, and S. Cakir, Theory for modeling the equatorial evening ionosphere and the origin of the shear in the horizontal plasma flow, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 1209, 1992.
21. Hari, S. S., K. S. Viswanathan, K. S. V. Subbarao, and B. V. K. Murthy, Equatorial E and F region zonal electric fields in the postsunset period, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 7947, 1996.
22. Hedin, A. E., Extension of the MSIS theromspheric model into the lower and middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 1159, 1991.
23. Hedin, A. E., et al., Empirical wind model for the upper, middle, and lower atmosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 1421, 1996.
24. Heelis, R. A., P. C. Kendall, R. J. Moffet, D. Windle, and H. Rishbeth, Electric coupling of the E and F regions and its effect of the F region drifts and winds, Planet. Space Sci., 22, 743, 1974.
25. Hoh, F. C., Instability of Penning-type discharge, Phys. Fluids, 6, 1184, 1963.
26. Hysell, D. L., and J. Burcham, JULIA radar studies of equatorial spread F, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 29,155, 1998.
27. Hysell, D. L., M. F. Larsen, and R. F. Woodman, JULIA radar studies of electric fields in the equatorial electrojet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1687, 1997.
28. Ierkic, H. M., B. G. Fejer, and D. T. Farley, The dependence on the zenith angle of the strength of 3-meter equatorial electrojet irregularities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 7, 497, 1980.
29. Kudeki, E., and C. D. Fawcett, High resolution observations of 150 km echoes at Jicamarca, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1987, 1993.
30. Kudeki, E., D. T. Farley, and B. G. Fejer, Long wavelength irregularities in the equatorial electrojet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 684, 1982.
31. Kudeki, E., B. G. Fejer, D. T. Farley, and C. Hanuise, The Condor equatorial electrojet campaign: Radar results, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 13561, 1987.
32. Larsen, M. F., and C. D. Odom, Observations of altitudinal and latitudinal S-region neutral wind gradients near sunset at the magnetic equator, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1711, 1997.
33. Maeda, K., T. Tsuda, and H. Maeda, Theoretical interpretation of the equatorial sporadic E layers, Phys. Rev. Lett., 11, 406, 1963.
34. Murthy, B. V. K., and S. Ravindran, Effect of small-scale plasma turbulence on altitude profiles of electron drift velocity in the equatorial electrojet: An experimental study, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 19,549, 1994.
35. Oppenheim, M., N. Otani, and C. Ronchi, Saturation of the Farley-Buneman instability via nonlinear electron E x B drifts, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 17,273, 1996.
36. Perkins, F., Spread F and ionospheric currents, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 218, 1973.
37. Pfaff, R. F., M. C. Kelley, E. Kudeki, B. G. Fejer, and K. D. Baker, Electric field and plasma density measurements in the strongly driven daytime equatorial electrojet, 1, The unstable layer and gradient drift waves, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 13,578, 1987.
38. Prakash, S., B. H. Subbaraya, and S. P. Gupta, Rocket measurements of ionization irregularities in the equatorial ionosphere at Thumba and identification of plasma irregularities, Indian J. Radio Space Phys., 72, 1, 1972.
39. Press, W. H., B. P. Flannery, S. A. Teukolsky, and W. T. Vetterling, Numerical Recipes in C, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1988.
40. Reddy, C. A., and C. V. Devasia, Height and latitude structure of electric fields and currents due to local east-west winds in the equatorial electrojet, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 5751, 1981.
41. Reddy, C. A., B. T. Vikramkumar, and K. S. Viswanathan, Ekectric fields and currents in the equatorial electrojet deduced from VHF radar observations, I, A method of estimating electric fields, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 49, 183, 1987.
42. Richmond, A. D., Equatorial electrojet, I, Development of a model including winds and instabilities, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 35, 1083, 1973.
43. Riggin, D., and A. Kadish, Nonlocal theory of long-wavelength plasma waves associated with sporadic E layers, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 1495, 1989.
44. Ronchi, C., P. L. Similon, and R. N. Sudan, A nonlocal linear theory of the gradient drift instability in the equatorial electrojet, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 1317. 1989.
45. Ronchi, C., R. N. Sudan, and P. L. Similon, Effect of short-scale turbulence on kilometer wavelength irregularities in the equatorial electrojet, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 189, 1990.
46. Ronchi, C., R. N. Sudan, and D. T. Farley, Numerical simulations of large-scale plasma turbulence in the daytime equatorial electrojet, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 21,263, 1991.
47. Simon, A., Instability of a partially ionized plasma in crossed electric and magnetic fields, Phys. Fluids, 6, 382, 1963.
48. St.-Maurice, J. P., A unified theory of anomalous resistivity and Joule heating effects in the presence of ionospheric E region irregularities, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4533, 1987.
49. Sudan, R. N., Nonlinear theory of type 1 irregularities in the equatorial electrojet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 983, 1983a.
50. Sudan, R. N., Unified theory of type I and type II irregularities in the equatorial electrojet, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 4853, 1983b.
51. Sudan, R. N., J. Akinrimisi, and D. T. Farley, Generation of small-scale irregularities in the equatorial electrojet, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 240, 1973.
52. Swartz, W. E., and D. T. Farley, High-resolution radar measurements of turbulent structure in the equatorial electrojet, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 309, 1994.
53. Viswanathan, K. S., S. P. Namboothiri, and P. B. Rao, VHF and HF radar measurements of E and F region plasma drifts at the magnetic equator, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 3011, 1992.
54. Viswanathan, K. S., B. T. Vikramkumar, and C. A. Reddy, Electric fields and currents in the equatorial electrojet deduced from vhf radar observations, II, Characteristics of electric fields on quiet and disturbed days, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 49, 193, 1987.
55. Woodman, R. F., Vertical drift velocities and east-west electric fields at the magnetic equator, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 6249, 1970.
56. Woodman, R. F., and F. Villanueva, Comparison of electric fields measured at F region heights with 150 km irregularity drift measurements, paper presented at the Ninth Int. Symposium on Equatorial Aeronomy, Bali, Indonesia, March 20-24, 1995.