Heliospheric modulation of cosmic rays and solar activity during the Maunder minimum

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 106, Issue A8, 2001, Pages 16039-16046

  Usoskin, Ilya G ^a,b,d   Mursula, Kalevi ^a,c   Kovaltsov, Gennady A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OULU   (Finland)

^b IOFFE INSTITUTE   (Russian Federation)

^c Department of Physical Sciences ^*  (Finland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OULU   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 39449123664     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2000ja000105     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Balogh, A., J.T. Gosling, J.R. Jokipii, R. Kallenbach, H. Kunow (Eds.), Corotating Interaction Regions, Space Sci. Rev., 89(1/2), 1999.
2. 10Be in the Camp Century ice core, Nature, 331, 675-679, 1988.
3. 10Be in polar ice to trace the 11-year cycle of solar activity, Nature, 347, 164-166, 1990.
4. Beer, J., S. Tobias, and N. Weiss, An active Sun throughout the Maunder minimum, Sol. Phys., 181, 237-249, 1998.
5. Cliver, E.W., V. Boriakoff, and K.H. Bounar, Geomagnetic activity and the solar wind during the Maunder minimum, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 897-900, 1998.
6. Cowling, T.G., On the Sun's general magnetic field, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 105, 166-174, 1945.
7. Damon, P.E., and A.N. Peristykh, Be-10 at/g: Production or accumulation, in IAGA 1997 Abstract Book, edited by R. Boström et al., 191, Reklam & Katalogtryk, Uppsala, Sweden, 1997.
8. 14C: Causal factors and implications, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 181, 457-494, 1978.
9. 14C from AD 1688 to AD 1710, Radiocarbon, 41, 47-50, 1999.
10. Eddy, J.A., The Maunder minimum, Science, 192, 1189-1201, 1976.
11. Fisk, L.A., The interactions of energetic particles with the solar wind, in Solar System Plasma Physics, pp. 177-247, North-Holland, New York, 1979.
12. Fisk, L.A., J.R. Jopikii, G.M. Simnett, R. von Steiger, and K.-P. Wenzel (Eds.), Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 83(1/2), 1998.
13. Frick, P., et al., Wavelet analysis of solar activity recorded by sunspot groups, Astron. Astrophys., 328, 670-681, 1997.
14. Harvey, K.L., and O.R. White, What is solar cycle minimum?, J. Geophys. Res., 104(A9), 19,759-19,764, 1999.
15. Hoyt, D.V., and K. Schatten, How well was the Sun observed during the Maunder minimum?, Sol.Phys., 165, 181-192, 1996.
16. Hoyt, D.V., and K. Schatten, Group sunspot numbers: A new solar activity reconstruction, Sol.Phys., 179, 189-219, 1998.
17. Jokipii, J.R., Variations of the cosmic-ray flux with time, in The Sun in Time, pp. 205-220, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1991.
18. Jokipii, J.R., and J. Kotá, Galactic and anomalous cosmic rays in the heliosphere, in Proceedings of the 25th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Durban, vol.8: Invited, Rapporteur and High-Light Papers., edited by M.S. Potgieter, B.C. Raubenheimer, and D.J. van der Walt, pp. 151-174, World Sci., River Edge, N.J., 1998.
19. Jokipii, J.R., and E.H. Levy, Effects of particle drifts on the solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays, Astrophys. J., 213, L85-L88, 1977.
20. Kocharov, G.E., Nuclear processes in the solar atmosphere and the particle acceleration problem, Sov. Sci. Rev., Sect. E, 6, 315-378, 1988.
21. Kocharov, G.E., V.M. Ostryakov, A.N. Peristykh, and V.A. Vasil'ev, Radiocarbon content variations and Maunder minimum of solar activity, Sol.Phys., 159, 381-391, 1995.
22. Kóta, J., and J.R. Jokipii, Effects of drift on the transport of cosmic rays, VI, A three-dimensional model including diffusion, Astrophys. J., 265, 573-581, 1983.
23. Křivský, L., and K. Pejml, World list of polar aurorae < 55° and their secular variations, Astron. Inst. Czech. Acad. Sci., 75, 32-68, 1988.
24. 10Be in polar ice: Data reflect changes in cosmic ray flux or polar meteorology, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 785-788, 1987.
25. le Roux, J.A., and M.S. Potgieter, The simulation of complete 11 and 22 year modulation cycles for cosmic rays in the heliosphere using a drift model with global merged interaction regions, Astrophys. J., 442, 847-851, 1995.
26. Letfus, V., Daily relative sunspot numbers 1749-1848: Reconstruction of missing observations, Sol.Phys., 184, 201-211, 1999.
27. McHargue, L.R., and P.E. Damon, The global Beryllium 10 cycle, Rev. Geophys., 29, 141-158, 1991.
28. Mendoza, B., Geomagnetic activity and wind velocity during the Maunder minimum, Ann. Geophys., 15, 397-402, 1997.
29. Mursula, K., I.G. Usoskin, and G.A. Kovaltsov, Persistent 22-year cycle in sunspot activity: Evidence for a relic solar magnetic cycle, Sol.Phys., 2000 (accepted for publication).
30. 14C concentration by the solar wind and irradiance components of the Hale and Schwabe solar cycles, Sol. Phys., 177, 343-355, 1998.
31. Ribes, J.C., and E. Nesme-Ribes, The solar sunspot cycle in the Maunder minimum AD 1645 to AD 1715, Astron. Astrophys., 276, 549-563, 1993.
32. Schove, D.J., The sunspot cycle, 649 B.C. to A.D. 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 60(2), 127-146, 1955.
33. Schröder, W., On the existence of the 11-year cycle in solar and auroral activity before and after the so-called Maunder minimum, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 44, 119-128, 1992.
34. Silverman, S.M., Secular variation of the aurora for the past 500 years, Rev. Geophys., 30, 333-351, 1992.
35. Steig, E.J., P.J. Polissar, M. Stuiver, P.M. Grootes, and R.C. Finkel, Large amplitude solar modulation cycles in Be in Antarctica: Implications for atmospheric mixing processes and interpretation of the ice core record, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 523-526, 1996.
36. 2: An evaluation of causal and spectral relationships, Holocene, 3, 289-305, 1993.
37. 14C, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 329-332, 1998.
38. Stuiver, M. and P. Quay, Changes in atmospheric carbon-14 attributed to a variable sun, Science, 201, 11-19, 1980.
39. Usoskin, I.G., H. Kananen, G.A. Kovaltsov, K. Mursula, and P. Tanskanen, Correlative study of solar activity and cosmic ray intensity, J. Geophys. Res., 103(A5), 9567-9574, 1998.
40. Usoskin, I.G., K. Mursula, and G.A. Kovaltsov, Cyclic behaviour of sunspot activity during the Maunder minimum, Astron. Astrophys., 354, L33-L36, 2000.
41. Waldmeier, M., The Sunspot Activity in the Years 1610-1960, Zurich Schulthess, Zurich, 1960.
42. Webber, W.R., and J.A. Lockwood, Characteristics of the 22-year modulation of cosmic rays as seen by neutron monitor, J. Geophys. Res., 93(8), 8735-8740, 1988.