Generation of highly energetic electrons by shock waves in the solar corona

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 106, Issue A11, 2001, Pages 25323-25331

  Mann, G ^a   Classen, H T ^a   Motschmann, U ^b  

^a ASTROPHYSIKALISCHES INSTITUT POTSDAM   (Germany)

^b TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF BRAUNSCHWEIG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 39449117605     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2000ja004010     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Anderson, K. A., Energetic electrons of terrestrial origin upstream in the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 2387-2394, 1969.
2. Aurass, H., G. Mann, M. Dryer, M. D. Andrews, D. J. Michels, S. E. Paswaters, and S. J. Tappin, On signatures of nonthermal particles during CME acceleration, in Proceedings of the Fifth SOHO Workshop, Eur. Space Agency Spec. Publ., ESA SP-404, 183-187, 1997.
3. Axford, W. I., E. Leer, and G. Skadron, The acceleration of cosmic rays by shock waves, Proc. Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays 15th, 11, 132-138, 1977.
4. Benz, A. O., Acceleration and energization by currents and electric fields, Sol. Phys., 111, 1-13, 1987.
5. Benz, A. O., and G. Thejappa, Radio emission of coronal shock waves, Astron. Astrophys., 202, 267-274, 1988.
6. Burgess, D., Cyclic behavior at quasi-parallel collisionless shocks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 345-359, 1989.
7. Cairns, I. H., and R. D. Robinson, Herringbone bursts associated with type II radio emission, Sol. Phys., 111, 356-372, 1987.
8. Cane, H. V., R. G. Stone, J. L. Fainberg, R. T. Stewart, and J. L. Steinberg, Radio evidence for shock acceleration of electrons in the solar corona, Geophys. Res. Lett., 8, 1285-1289, 1981.
9. Chen, F. F., Introduction to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion: Plasma Physics, vol. 1, 30 pp., Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass., 1984.
10. Decker, R. B., Computer modelling of test particle acceleration at oblique shocks, Space Sci. Rev., 48, 195-262, 1988.
11. Decker, R. B., Particle acceleration at shocks with surface ripples, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 11,993-12,006, 1990.
12. Decker, R. B., and L. Vlahos, Modeling of ion acceleration through drift and diffusion at interplanetary shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 13,349-13,356, 1986.
13. Dulk, G. A., and D. J. McLean, Coronal magnetic fields, Sol. Phys., 57, 235-279, 1978.
14. Dulk, G. A., Y. Leblanc, T. S. Bastian, and J.-L. Bougeret, Acceleration of electrons at type II shock fronts and production of shock-accelerated type III bursts, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 27,343-27,352, 2000.
15. Fermi, E., On the origin of cosmic radiation, Phys. Rev., 75, 1149-1153, 1949.
16. Gisler, G., and D. Lemons, Electron Fermi acceleration in collapsing magnetic traps: Computational and analytical models, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 14,925-14,938, 1990.
17. Gosling, J. T., S. Bame, W. C. Feldman, D. J. McComas, J. L. Philips, and E. B. Goldstein, Counterstreaming suprathermal electron events upstream of corotating shocks in the solar wind beyond ∼2 AU: Ulysses, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2335-2339, 1993.
18. Holman, G. D., Acceleration of runaway electrons and Joule heating in solar flares, Astrophys. J., 293, 584-592, 1985.
19. Holman, G. D., and M. E. Pesses, Type II radio emission and the shock drift acceleration of electrons, Astrophys. J., 267, 837-843, 1983.
20. Kahler, S. W., Injection profiles of solar energetic particles as functions of coronal mass ejection heights, Astrophys. J., 428, 837-849, 1994.
21. Kennel, C. F., J. P. Edmiston, and T. Hada, A quarter century of collisionless shock research, in Collisionless Shocks in the Heliosphere: A Tutorial Review, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 34, edited by B. T. Stone and R. G. Stone, pp. 1-36, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1985.
22. Klein, K.-L., E. L. Chupp, G. Trottet, A. Magun, P. P. Dunphy, E. Rieger, and S. Urpo, Flare-associated energetic particles in the corona and at 1 AU, Astron. Astrophys., 444, 333-349, 1999.
23. Krauss-Varban, D., and D. Burgess, Electron acceleration at nearly perpendicular shocks, 2, Reflection at curved shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 143-154, 1991.
24. Krauss-Varban, D., and C. S. Wu, Fast Fermi and gradient drift acceleration at nearly perpendicular collisionless shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 15,367-15,372, 1989.
25. Krauss-Varban, D., D. Burgess, and C. S. Wu, Electron acceleration at nearly perpendicular shocks, 1, One-dimensional simulations without electron scale fluctuations, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 15,089-15,098, 1989.
26. Landau, L. D., and E. M. Lifshitz, The Classical Field Theory of Fields, 264 pp., Pergamon, Tarrytown, N. Y., 1975.
27. Lembege, B., Numerical simulations of shock electron acceleration in solar physics, in Coronal Magnetic Energy Release, Lect. Not. in Phys., vol. 444, edited by A. O. Benz and A. Krüger, pp. 201-221, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1995.
28. Leroy, M. M., and A. Mangeney, A theory of energization of solar wind electrons by the Earth's bow shock, Ann. Geophys., 2, 449-456, 1984.
29. Liewer, P. C., V. K. Decyk, J. M. Dawson, and B. Lembege, Numerical studies of electron dynamics in oblique quasi-perpendicular collisionless shock wave, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9455-9465, 1991.
30. Lin, R. P., et al., Observation of an impulsive solar electron event extending down to ∼0.5 keV energy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1211-1214, 1996.
31. Lopate, N., Electron acceleration to relativistic energies by traveling interplanetary shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 9995-10,010, 1989.
32. Mann, G., Simple magnetohydrodynamic waves, J. Plasma Phys., 53, 109-125, 1995.
33. Mann, G., and H.-T. Classen, Electron acceleration to high energies at quasi-parallel shock waves in the solar corona, Astron. Astrophys., 304, 576-584, 1995.
34. Mann, G., H. Aurass, H.-T. Classen, A. Klassen, W. Dröge, and H. Kunow, Shock accelerated electrons in the solar corona, in Proceedings of the Fifth SOHO Workshop, Eur. Space Agency Spec. Publ., ESA SP-404, 543-547, 1997.
35. Melrose, D. B., Kinetic plasma physics, in Plasma Astrophysics, edited by A. O. Benz and T. J.-L. Courvoisier, pp. 113-223, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1994.
36. Miller, J. A., Electron acceleration in solar flares by fast mode waves: Quasi-linear theory and pitch angle scattering, Astrophys. J., 491, 939-951, 1997.
37. Müller-Mellin, R., et al., Comprehensive suprathermal and energetic particle analyser, in The SOHO Mission, edited by B. Fleck and A. I. Poland, pp. 483-504, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass., 1995.
38. Nelson, G. S., and D. B. Melrose, Type II bursts, in Solar Radiophysics, edited by D. J. McLean and N. R. Labrum, pp. 333-360, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1985.
39. Norman, C., and R. Smith, Kinetic processes in solar flares, Astron. Astrophys., 68, 145-155, 1978.
40. Quest, K., Simulation of quasi-parallel collisionless shocks, in Collisionless Shocks in the Heliosphere: Reviews of Current Research, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 35, edited by B. T. Stone and R. G. Stone, pp. 185-194, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1985.
41. Reames, D. V., L. M. Barbier, and C. K. Ng, The spatial distribution of particles accelerated by coronal mass ejection-driven shocks, Astrophys. J., 466, 473-483, 1996.
42. Reid, G. C., A diffusive model for the initial phase of a solar proton event, J. Geophys. Res., 69, 2659-2666, 1964.
43. Roelof, E. C., G. M. Simnett, and S. J. Tappin, The regular structure of shock accelerated ∼40-100 keV electrons in the high latitude heliosphere, Astron. Astrophys., 316, 481-486, 1996.
44. Savoini, P., and B. Lembege, Electron dynamics in two- and one-dimensional oblique supercritical collisionless shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 6609-6635, 1994.
45. Scarf, F. L., R. W. Fredricks, L. A. Frank, and M. Neugebauer, Non-thermal electrons and high-frequency waves in the upstream solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 5162-5175, 1971.
46. Scholer, M., Diffuse acceleration, in Collisionless Shocks in the Heliosphere: Reviews of Current Research, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 35, edited by B. T. Stone and R. G. Stone, pp. 287-301, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1985.
47. Scholer, M., Upstream waves, shocklets, short large-amplitude magnetic structures and the cyclic behavior of oblique, quasi-parallel collisionless shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 47-57, 1993.
48. Schwartz, S. J., D. Burgess, W. P. Williamson, R: L. Kessel, M. Dunlop, and H. Lühr, Observations of short large-amplitude magnetic structures at a quasi-parallel shock, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 4209-4227, 1992.
49. Sierks, H., I. Elendt, W. Droge, G. Mann, H. Aurass, H. Kunow, R. Muller-Mellin, J. Sequeiros, and S. McKenna-Lawlor, Electron spectra and associated type III radio bursts of the July 9, 1996, solar event, Proc. 25th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., 1, 297-300, 1997.
50. ⊙, II, Second event of 1973 January 11, Sol. Phys., 36, 219-234, 1974a.
51. ⊙, I, First event of 1973 January 11, Sol. Phys., 36, 203-215, 1974b.
52. Suzuki, S., and G. A. Dulk, Bursts of type III and type V, in Solar Radio Physics, edited by D. J. McLean and N. R. Labrum, pp. 289-332, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1985.
53. Toptygin, I., Acceleration of particles by shocks in a cosmic plasma, Space Sci. Rev., 26, 157-213, 1980.
54. Tsurutani, B. T., and R. P. Lin, Acceleration of >47 keV ions and >2 keV electrons by interplanetary shocks at 1 AU, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 1-17, 1985.
55. Uchida, Y., On the excitation of type II and type III solar radio bursts, Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn., 12, 376-378, 1960.
56. Uchida, Y., D. Altschuler, and G. Newkirk, Flare produced coronal MHD-fast-mode wavefront and Moreton's wave phenomenon, Sol. Phys., 28, 495-507, 1973.
57. Vrsnak, B., V. Ruzdiak, and H. Aurass, Ignition of MHD shocks associated with solar flares, Sol. Phys., 158, 331-341, 1995.
58. Wild, J. P., and L. L. McCready, Observations of the spectrum of high intensity solar radiation at meter wavelengths, I, The apparatus and spectral types of solar radio bursts observed, Aust. J. Sci. Res., Ser. A, 3, 387-395, 1950.
59. Winske, D., and M. M. Leroy, Hybrid simulation technique applied to the Earth's bow shock, in Computer Simulation of Space Plasmas - Selected Lectures From the First ISSS, edited by H. Matsumoto and T. Sato, pp. 255-278, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass., 1984.
60. Wu, C. S., A fast Fermi process: Energetic electrons accelerated by a nearly perpendicular bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 8857-8862, 1984.
61. Wu, C. S., R. S. Steinolfson, and G. C. Zhou, The synchrotron-maser theory of type II solar radio emission process: The physical model and generation mechanism, Astrophys. J., 309, 392-401, 1986.