Digit ratio as an indicator of numeracy relative to literacy in 7-year-old British schoolchildren

British Journal of Psychology

Volumn 99, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 75-85

  Brosnan, Mark J ^a  

^a University of Bath   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TESTOSTERONE;

ARTICLE; CHILD; COGNITION; EDUCATION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; FINGER; HUMAN; MALE; MATHEMATICS; PREGNANCY; PRENATAL CARE; UNITED KINGDOM;

CHILD; COGNITION; EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; FINGERS; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; MALE; MATHEMATICS; PREGNANCY; PRENATAL CARE; TESTOSTERONE;

EID: 39449114609     PISSN: 20448295     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1348/000712607X197406     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Baron-Cohen, S. (2002). The extreme male brain theory of autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(6), 248-254.
2. Brosnan, M. (2006). Digit ratio and academia: Implications for the relationship between prenatal testosterone and academia. British Journal of Psychology, 97(4), 455-466.
3. Bryden, M. R (1982). Laterality: Functional asymmetry in the intact brain. New York: Academic Press.
4. Bryden, M. P., McManus, I. C., & Bulman-Fleming, M. B. (1994). Evaluating the empirical support for the Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda model of cerebral lateralization. Brain Cognition, 26, 103-167.
5. Burton, L. A., Henninger, D., & Hafetz, J. (2005). Gender differences in relations of mental rotation, verbal fluency and SAT scores to finger length ratios as hormonal indexes. Developmental Neuropsychology, 28(1), 493-505.
6. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: LEA.
7. Cohen-Brendahan, C. C. C., van de Beek, C., & Berenbaum, S. A. (2005). Prenatal sex hormone effects on child and adult sex-typed behavior: Methods and findings. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 29, 353-384.
8. Collaer, M. L., & Hines, M. (1995). Human behavioral sex differences: A role for gonadal hormones during early development? Psychological Bulletin, 118, 55-107.
9. Fink, B., Brookes, H., Neave, N., Manning, J. T., & Geary, D. C. (2006). Second to fourth digit ratio and numerical competence in children. Brain and Cognition, 61, 211-218.
10. Garn, S. M., Burdi, A. R., & Babler, W. J. (1975). Early prenatal attainment of adult metacarpal-phalangeal rankings and proportions. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 43, 327-332.
11. Geary, D. C. (1995). Reflections of evolution and culture in children's cognition: Implications for mathematical development and instruction. American Psychologist, 50, 24-37.
12. Geary, D. C. (1996). Sexual selection and sex differences in mathematical abilities. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19, 229-284.
13. Geschwind, N., & Behan, P. (1982). Left-handedness: Association with immune disease, migraine, and developmental learning disorder. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 79, 5097-5100.
14. Geschwind, N., & Galaburda, A. M. (1987). Cerebral lateralisation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
15. Goy, R. W., & McEwen, B. S. (1980). Sexual differentiation of the brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
16. Halpern, D. F. (2000). Sex differences in cognitive abilities (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
17. Hampson, E., & Moffat, S. D. (1994). Is testosterone related to spatial cognition and hand preference in humans? Brain and Cognition, 26, 255-266.
18. Hines, M., & Shipley, C. (1984). Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbesterol (DES) and the development of sexually dimorphic cognitive abilities and cerebral lateralization. Developmental Psychology, 20, 81-94.
19. Hyde J. S., Fennema, E., & Lamon, S. J. (1990). Gender differences in mathematical performance: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 139-155.
20. Hyde, J. S., & Linn, M. C. (1988). Gender differences in verbal ability: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 104, 53-69.
21. Knickmeyer, R., Baron-Cohen, S., Raggat, P., & Taylor, K. (2005). Foetal testosterone, social relationships, and restricted interests in children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(2), 198-210.
22. Knickmeyer, R., Baron-Cohen, S., Raggatt, P., Taylor, K., & Hackett, G. (2006). Fetal testosterone and empathy. Hormones and Behavior, 59, 282-292.
23. Kondo, T., Zakany J., Innis J. W., & Duboule, D. (1997). Of fingers, toes and penises. Nature, 390, 29.
24. Levy, J. (1973). Lateral specialization of the human brain. Behavioral manifestations and possible evolutionary bias. In J. Kiger (Ed.), Biology of behavior. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press.
25. Lutchmaya, S., Baron-Cohen, S., Raggatt, P., Knickmeyer, R., & Manning, J. T (2004). 2nd to 4th digit ratios, fetal testosterone and estradiol. Early Human Development, 77, 23-28.
26. Maccoby, E. E., & Jacklin, C. N. (1974). The psychology of sex differences. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
27. Malas, M. A., Dogan, S., Evcil, E. H., & Desdicioglu, K. (2006). Fetal development of the hands, digits and digit ratio (2D:4D). Early Human Development, 82, 469-475.
28. Manning J. T. (2002). Digitratio: A pointer to fertility, behavior and health. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
29. Manning, J. T., & Bundred, P. E. (2000). The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: A new predictor of disease predisposition? Medical Hypotheses, 54(5), 855-857.
30. Manning, J. T., Bundred, P. E., Newton, D. J., & Flanagan, B. F. (2003). The second to fourth digit ratio and variation in the androgen receptor gene. Evolution and human Behavior, 24, 399-405.
31. Manning, J. T., Fink, B., Neave, N., & Caswell, N. (2005). Photocopies yield lower digit ratios (2D:4D) than direct finger measurements. Achieves of Sexual Behavior, 34(3), 329-333.
32. Manning J. T., Scutt, D., Wilson, J., & Lewis-Jones, D. I. (1998). The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: A predictor of sperm numbers and concentrations of testosterone, luteinising hormone and oestrogen. Human Reproduction, 13, 3000-3004.
33. Manning, J. T., Stewart, A., Bundred, P. E., & Trivers, R. L. (2004). Sex and ethic differences in 2nd to 4th digit ratio in children. Early Human Development, 80(2), 161-168.
34. Matthews, G. A., Fane, B. A., Pasterski, V. L., Conway, G. S., Brook, C., & Hines, M. (2004). Androgenic influences on neural asymmetry: Handedness and language lateralisation in individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29, 810-822.
35. McGlone, J. (1980). Sex differences in human brain asymmetry: A critical survey. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, 215-263.
36. McIntyre, M. H. (2006). The use of digit ratio as markers for perinatal androgen action. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 4(10), (26 February).
37. McIntyre, M. H., Ellison, P. T., Lieberman, D. E., Demerath, E., & Towne, B. (2005). The development of sex differences in digital formula from infancy in the Fels longitudinal study. Proceedings of the Royal Society, 272, 1473-1479.
38. Peters, M., Mackenzie, K., & Bryden, P. (2002). Finger length and distal finger extent patterns in humans. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 117, 209-217.
39. Putz, D. A., Gaulin, S. J. C., Sporter, R. J., & McBurney, D. H. (2004). Sex hormones and finger length - What does 2D: 4D indicate? Evolution and Human Behavior, 25, 182-199.
40. Sanders, G., Sjodin, M., & de Chastelaine, M. (2002). On the elusive nature of sex differences in cognition: Hormonal influences contributing to within-sex variation. Archives of Sexual behavior, 31, 145-152.
41. Tanner, J. M. (1990). Foetus into man: Physical growth from conception to maturity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
42. Trivers, R., Manning J., & Jacobson, A. (2006). A longitudinal study of digit ratio (2D:4D) and other finger ratios in Jamaican children. Hormones and Behavior, 49(2), 150-156.
43. Williams, J. H. G., Greenhalgh, K. D., & Manning, J. T. (2003). Second to fourth ratio and possible precursors of developmental psychopathology in preschool children. Early Human Development, 72, 57-65.
44. Wisniewski, A. B. (1998). Sexually-dimorphic patterns of cortical asymmetry, and the role of sex steroid hormones in determining cortical patterns of latcralisation. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23(5), 519-547.
45. Witelson, S. F., & Nowakowski, R. S. (1991). Left out axons make men right: A hypothesis on the origin of handedness and functional asymmetry. Neuropsychologia, 28, 327-333.