Diurnal, seasonal, and geomagnetic variations of large field-aligned ion upflows in the high-latitude ionospheric F region

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 106, Issue A11, 2001, Pages 24651-24661

  Liu, Huixin ^a,b   Ma, S Y ^b   Schlegel, Kristian ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR SONNENSYSTEMFORSCHUNG   (Germany)

^b WUHAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 39449092727     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001ja900047     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Abe, T., B. A. Whalen, A. W. Yau, R. E. Horita, S. Watanabe, and E. Sagawa, EXOS-D (Akebono) suprathermal mass spectrometer observations of polar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 11,191-11,203, 1993.
2. André, M., P. Norqvist, A. Vaivads, L. Eliasson, O. Norberg, A. I. Eriksson, and B. Holback, Transverse ion energization and wave emissions observed by the Freja satellite, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1915-1918, 1994.
3. Bates, H. F., Atmospheric expansion from Joule heating, Planet. Space Sci., 22, 925-937, 1974.
4. Davies, J. A., M. Lester, and I. W. McCrea, A statistical study of ion frictinoal heating observed by EISCAT, Ann. Geophys., 15, 1399-1411, 1997.
5. Davies, J. A., M. Lester, and I. W. McCrea, Solar and seasonal dependence of ion frictional heating, Ann. Geophys., 17, 682-691, 1999.
6. Endo, M., R. Fujii, Y. Ogawa, S. C. Buchert, S. Nozawa, S. Watanabe, and N. Yoshida, Ion upflow and downflow at the topside ionosphere observed by the EISCAT VHF radar, Ann. Geophys., 18, 170-181, 2000.
7. Foster, C., M. Lester, and J. A. Davies, A statistical study of diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle variations of F region and topside auroral upflows observed by EISCAT between 1984 and 1996, Ann. Geophys., 16, 1144-1158, 1998.
8. Ghielmetti, A. G., R. G. Johnson, R. D. Sharp, and E. G. Shelley, The latitudinal, diurnal, and altitudinal distributions of upward flowing energetic ions of ionospheric origin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 5, 59-62, 1978.
9. Gorney, D. J., A. Clarke, D. Croley, J. Fennell, J. Luhmann, and P. Mizera, The distribution of ion beams and conics below 8000 km, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 83-89, 1981.
10. Jones, G. O. L., P. J. S. Williams, K. J. Winser, M. Lockwood, and K. Suvanto, Large plasma velocities along the magnetic field line in the auroral zone, Nature, 336, 231-232, 1988.
11. Keating, J. G., F. J. Mulligan, D. B. Doyle, K. J. Winser, and M. Lockwood, A statistical study of large field-aligned flows of thermal ions at high-latitudes, Planet. Space Sci., 38, 1187-1201, 1990.
12. Liu, C., J. L. Horwitz, and P. G. Richards, Effects of frictional heating and soft-electron precipitation on high-latitude F-region upflows, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2713-2716, 1995.
13. Liu, H., K. Schlegel, and S.-Y. Ma, Combined ESR and EISCAT observations of the dayside polar cap and auroral oval during the May 15, 1997 storm, Ann. Geophys., 18, 1067-1072, 2000.
14. + ions near the dayside polar cap boundary, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 4099-4116, 1985a.
15. Lockwood, M., M. O. Chandler, J. L. Horwitz, J. H. Waite Jr., T. E. Moore, and C. R. Chappell, The cleft ion fountain, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 9736-9748, 1985b.
16. Loranc, M., W. B. Hanson, R. A. Heelis, and J.-P. St.-Maurice, A morphological study of vertical ionospheric flows in the high-latitude F region, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3627-3646, 1991.
17. Moore, T. E., R. Lundin, D. Alcaydé, M. André, S. B. Ganguli, M. Temerin, and A. Yau, Source processes in the high-latitude ionosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 88, 7-84, 1999.
18. Ogawa, Y., R. Fujii, S. C. Buchert, and S. Nozawa, Simultaneous EISCAT Svalbard and VHF radar observations of ion upflows at different aspect angles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 81-84, 2000.
19. Øieroset, M., M. Yamauchi, L. Liszka, and B. Hultqvist, Energetic ion outflow from the dayside ionosphere: Categorization, classification, and statistical study, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 24,915-24,928, 1999.
20. Rishbeth, H., and A. P. van Eyken, EISCAT: Early history and the first ten years of operation, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 55, 525-542, 1993.
21. Röttger, J., U. G. Wannberg, and A. P. van Eyken, The EISCAT scientific association and the EISCAT Svalbard radar project, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 47, 669-679, 1995.
22. Russell, C. T., and R. L. McPherron, Semiannual variation of geomagnetic activity, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 92-108, 1973.
23. Wahlund, J. E., H. J. Opgenoorth, I. Haggstrom, K. J. Winser, and G. O. L. Jones, EISCAT observations of topside ionospheric ion outflows during auroral activity: Revisited, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 3019-3037, 1992.
24. Williams, P. J. S., and A. R. Jain, Observations of the high latitude trough using EISCAT, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 48, 423-434, 1986.
25. Winser, K. J., G. O. L. Jones, and P. J. S. Williams, A quantitative study of the high latitude ionospheric trough using EISCAT's common programs, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 48, 893-904, 1986.
26. Wu, X.-Y., J. L. Horwitz, and Y. Seo, Statistical analysis of F region and topside ionospheric ion field-aligned flows at high latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 2477-2494, 2000.
27. Yau, A. W., B. A. Whalen, W. K. Peterson, and E. G. Shelly, Distribution of upflowing ionospheric ions in the high-altitude polar cap and auroral ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 5507-5522, 1984.
28. Yau, A. W., P. H. Beckwith, W. K. Peterson, and E. G. Shelly, Long-term (solar cycle) and seasonal variations of upflowing ionospheric ion events at DE1 altitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6395-6407, 1985a.
29. Yau, A. W., E. G. Shelly, W. K. Peterson, and L. Lenchyshyn, Energetic auroral and polar ion outflow at DE1 altitudes: Magnitude, composition, magnetic activity dependence, and long-term variations, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 8417-8432, 1985b.
30. Yeh, H.-C., and J. C. Foster, Storm-time heavy ion outflow at midlatitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 7881-7891, 1990.