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1
-
-
39449129528
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-
This figure excludes overlap among the assers of the players for instance, petrodollar investments in hedge funds
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This figure excludes overlap among the assers of the players (for instance, petrodollar investments in hedge funds).
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
51149094403
-
-
For a more detailed look at petrodollars, Asian central banks, hedge funds, and private equity, see, McKinsey Global Institute, October
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For a more detailed look at petrodollars, Asian central banks, hedge funds, and private equity, see The New Power Brokers: How Oil, Asia, Hedge Funds, and Private Equity Are Shaping Global Markets, McKinsey Global Institute, October 2007.
-
(2007)
The New Power Brokers: How Oil, Asia, Hedge Funds, and Private Equity Are Shaping Global Markets
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-
-
3
-
-
39449118838
-
-
Determining the true size of the foreign assets of oil exporters is difficult because no comprehensive official figures exist. Only four of the six states that make up the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) publish any data with the International Monetary Fund's International Financial Statistics IFS, for instance, and these data are almost certainly underestimated. We have therefore constructed our own estimates of foreign investments bought with petrodollars. Our estimates are based on a variety of published data sources, McKinsey research, and interviews with banking experts in the region
-
Determining the true size of the foreign assets of oil exporters is difficult because no comprehensive official figures exist. Only four of the six states that make up the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) publish any data with the International Monetary Fund's International Financial Statistics (IFS), for instance, and these data are almost certainly underestimated. We have therefore constructed our own estimates of foreign investments bought with petrodollars. Our estimates are based on a variety of published data sources, McKinsey research, and interviews with banking experts in the region.
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
39449122966
-
-
Approximately equal to their current-account surpluses
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Approximately equal to their current-account surpluses.
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
39449139623
-
-
Excess reserves are determined using the Greenspan-Guidotti Rule, which states that foreign-reserve assets should equal foreign short-term debt
-
Excess reserves are determined using the Greenspan-Guidotti Rule, which states that foreign-reserve assets should equal foreign short-term debt.
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
39449134225
-
-
This builds on an analysis by Harvard economics professor Lawrence H. Summers, Reflections on global account imbalances and emerging markets reserve accumulation, given in a speech to the Reserve Bank of India, Mumbai, March 24, 2006
-
This builds on an analysis by Harvard economics professor Lawrence H. Summers, "Reflections on global account imbalances and emerging markets reserve accumulation," given in a speech to the Reserve Bank of India, Mumbai, March 24, 2006.
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-
-
-
8
-
-
39449102664
-
-
Hedge funds increase the amount of equity capital they get from investors by leveraging it with different forms of debt. The equity capital is known as assets under management or net assets; the amount of total assets invested in the market, gross assets or gross market exposure. Overall, we estimate, hedge funds have a total leverage of 250 to 350 percent of their net assets including on-balance-sheet debt and off-balancesheet derivatives, though individual hedge funds may have far higher or lower degrees of leverage
-
Hedge funds increase the amount of equity capital they get from investors by leveraging it with different forms of debt. The equity capital is known as "assets under management" or "net assets"; the amount of total assets invested in the market, "gross assets" or "gross market exposure." Overall, we estimate, hedge funds have a total leverage of 250 to 350 percent of their net assets (including on-balance-sheet debt and off-balancesheet derivatives), though individual hedge funds may have far higher or lower degrees of leverage.
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
39449093053
-
-
Many governments in Asia and in oil-exporting countries are also creating private-equity-like funds, sometimes called government holding corporations. In contrast to the mostly passive, diversified investments of sovereign wealth funds, these entities (such as Dubai International Capital and Singapore's Temasek) often centralize a government's holdings in domestic state-owned enterprises and buy direct stakes in foreign companies as well
-
Many governments in Asia and in oil-exporting countries are also creating private-equity-like funds, sometimes called government holding corporations. In contrast to the mostly passive, diversified investments of sovereign wealth funds, these entities (such as Dubai International Capital and Singapore's Temasek) often centralize a government's holdings in domestic state-owned enterprises and buy direct stakes in foreign companies as well.
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