Perpendicular-to-grain creep of Finnish softwoods in high temperature drying conditions: Experiments and modelling in temperature range 95-125 °C

VTT Publications

Volumn , Issue 301, 1997, Pages 3-94

  Hanhijärvi, Antti ^a  

^a VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND   (Finland)

Author keywords

Creep properties; Drying tests; High temperature tests; Pine wood; Softwoods; Spruce wood

Indexed keywords

EID: 3943084825     PISSN: 12350621     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Byvshykh, M. D. 1959. Influence of temperature and moisture content of wood on its elastic properties. Derev. Prom., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 13-15. (In Russian.)
2. Gerhards, C. 1982. Effect of moisture content and temperature on the mechanical properties of wood: an analysis of immediate effects. Wood and Fiber, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 4-36.
3. Goulet, M. 1960. Dependence of transverse tensile strength of oak, beech and spruce on moisture content and temperature within the range of 0° to 100°C. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 325-331. (In German.)
4. Hanhijärvi, A. 1995. Modelling of creep deformation mechanisms in wood. Espoo: Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT). 143 p. + app. 3 p. (VTT Publications 231.) ISBN 951-38-4769-1
5. Hisada, T. 1986. Creep and set behaviour of wood related to kiln drying. Bull. For. & For. Prod. Res. Inst., vol. 7, no. 335, pp. 31-130. (In Japanese.)
6. Huet, C. 1988. Modelizing the kinetics of the thermo-hygro-viscoelastic behaviour of wood in constant climatic conditions. In: Itani, R. Y. (Ed.) Proceedings of the 1988 International Conference on Timber Engineering, Seattle 19-22 Sep. 1988. Madison, Wisconsin: Forest Products Research Society. Pp. 395-401. ISBN 0-935018-41-7
7. Hukka A. 1996. A simulation program for optimisation of medium temperature drying on an industrial scale. 5th International IUFRO Wood Drying Conference, Quebec City, Canada, 13-17 August 1996.
8. Hunt, D. G. 1986. The mechano-sorptive creep susceptibility of two softwoods and its relation to some other materials properties. Journal of Materials Science, vol. 21, pp. 2088-2096.
9. Iida, I. 1986. The thermal softening of green wood evaluated by its Young's modulus in bending. Mokuzai Gakkaishi, vol. 32, pp. 472-477.
10. Joyet, P. 1992. Comportement differe du materiau bois dans le plan transverse sous des conditions hydriques evolutives. L'Université Bordeaux I. (Doctoral dissertation no. 812.) 132 p. + app. 31 p. (In French.)
11. Kangas, J. 1990. Sahatavaran kuivauksen laadun parantaminen. Virumiskokeiden raportti 1990. (Improvement of the quality of timber drying. Report of creep experiments 1990). Unpublished report. VTT Laboratory of Structural Engineering. 35 p. + app. 16 p.
12. Kangas, J. & Ranta-Maunus, A. 1989. Havupuun viruminen syitä vastaan kohtisuorissa suunnissa. (The creep of softwood in directions perpendicular to the grain.) Espoo: Technical Research Centre of Finland. 60 p. + app. 15 p. (Technical Research Centre of Finland, Research Notes 969.) ISBN 951-38-3418-2
13. Koran, Z. 1979. Tensile properties of spruce under different conditions. Wood and Fiber, vol. 11, pp. 38-49
14. Kubler, H. 1973. Role of moisture in hygrothermal recovery of wood. Wood Science, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 198-204.
15. Launay, J. 1987. Mesure des constantes élastiques d'un épicéa par goniométrie ultrasonore. Rapport ESEM pour le CTBA, Contrat de programme M.R.E.S.
16. Mårtensson, A. 1994. Stress development in drying timber, a theoretical description. In: Haslett, A. N. and Laytner, F. Proceedings of the 4th IUFRO Wood Drying Conference, Rotorua, New Zealand, 9-13 Aug. 1994. New Zealand Forest Research Institute. Pp. 173-180. ISBN 0-477-01730-4
17. Mårtensson, A. & Svensson, S. 1995. Stress-strain relationship of drying wood. In: Svensson, S. Hygro-mechanical behaviour of drying wood. Lund: Lund Institute of Technology, Department of Structural Engineering. (Report TVBK-1010.) ISSN 0349-4969 (Article to be published also in Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering.)
18. Okuyama, T., Suzuki, S. & Terazawa S. 1977. Effect of temperature on orthotropic properties of wood. I. On the transverse anisotropy in bending. Mokuzai Gakkaishi, vol. 23, pp. 609-616. (In Japanese.)
19. Ranta-Maunus, A. 1992. Determination of drying stresses in wood when shrinkage is prevented: Test method and modelling. In: Vanek, M. (Ed.) Proceedings of the 3rd IUFRO Conference on Wood Drying, Vienna, Austria, 18-21 Aug. 1992. International Union of Forestry Research Organisations (IUFRO). Pp. 139-144. ISBN 3-900962-08-1
20. Ranta-Maunus, A. 1993. Rheological behaviour of wood in directions perpendicular to the grain. Materials and Structures, vol. 26, pp. 362-369.
21. Ranta-Maunus, A., Forsén, H., Hanhijärvi, A., Hukka, A. & Partanen, J. 1995. Sahatavaran kuivauksen simulointi (Simulation of sawn timber drying). Espoo: VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland). 62 p. + app. 50 p. (VTT Julkaisuja 805.) ISBN 951-38-4514-1 (In Finnish.)
22. Salmén, L. 1984. Viscoelastic properties of in situ lignin under water-saturated conditions. Journal of Materials Science, vol. 19, pp. 3090-3096.
23. Salmén, N. L. & Fellers, C. 1982. The fundamentals of energy consumption during viscoelastic and plastic deformation of wood. Transactions of the Technical Section, A Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. TR93-99.
24. Sawabe, O. 1974. Studies on the thermal softening of wood. III. Effects of the temperature on the bending creep of dry Hinoki wood. Mokuzai Gakkaishi, vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 517-522.
25. Siimes, F. E. 1967. The effect of specific gravity, moisture content, temperature and heating time on the tension and compression strength and elasticity properties perpendicular to the grain of Finnish pine spruce and birch wood and the significance of these factors on the checking of timber at kiln drying. Helsinki: The State Institute for Technical Research, Finland. (Publication 84.)
26. Svensson, S. 1994. Elementary tensile tests in a controlled climate. In: Haslett, A. N. and Laytner, F. Proceedings of the 4th IUFRO Wood Drying Conference, Rotorua, New Zealand, 9-13 Aug. 1994. New Zealand Forest Research Institute. Pp. 195-202. ISBN 0-477-01730-4
27. Svensson, S. 1995. Strain and shrinkage force in wood under kiln drying conditions I. Measuring strain and shrinkage under controlled climate conditions. Equipment and preliminary results. Holzforschung, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 363-368.
28. Svensson, S. 1996. Strain and shrinkage force in wood under kiln drying conditions II. Strain, shrinkage and stress measurements under controlled climate conditions. Holzforschung, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 463-469.
29. Viitaniemi, P. & Pennanen, J. 1993. Softening of wood with moisture and heat. In: Birkinshaw, C., Morlier, P. & Seoane, I. (Eds.) Proceedings of the COST508 Wood Mechanics Workshop on Wood Plasticity and Damage, Limerick, Ireland. Commission of the European Communities. Pp. 155-162.
30. Wu, Q. & Milota, M. R. 1995. Rheological behavior of Douglas-fir perpendicular to the grain at elevated temperatures. Wood and Fiber Science, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 285-295.