Community gardens and politics of scale in New York City

Geographical Review

Volumn 93, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 193-212

  Smith, Christopher M ^a   Kurtz, Hilda E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Community gardens; Grassroots activism; Neoliberalism; New York City; Politics of scale

Indexed keywords

GARDEN; GRASSROOTS LEVEL; LAND USE CONFLICT; URBAN PLANNING;

NEW YORK [NEW YORK (STT)]; NEW YORK [UNITED STATES]; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 3943060962     PISSN: 00167428     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1931-0846.2003.tb00029.x     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Abu-Lughod, J. L. 1999. New York, Chicago, Los Angeles: America's Global Cities. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
2. ACGA [American Community Gardening Association]. 1999. Community garden listserv archives. [http://www.hort.net/lists//communityrden/].
3. Blair, D., C. Giesecke, and S. Sherman. 1991. A Dietary, Social and Economic Evaluation of the Philadelphia Urban Gardening Project. Journal of Nutrition Education 23 (4): 161-167.
4. Council on the Environment in New York City. 1999. Untitled fact sheet in the files of Christopher Smith.
5. Cox, K. R. 1998. Spaces of Dependence, Spaces of Engagement and the Politics of Scale, or: Looking for Local Politics. Political Geography 17 (1): 1-23.
6. Cox, K. R., and A. Mair. 1988. Locality and Community in the Politics of Local Economic Development. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 78 (2): 307-325.
7. Delaney, D., and H. Leitner. 1997. The Political Construction of Scale. Political Geography 16 (2): 93-97.
8. Englander, D. 2001. New York's Community Gardens: A Resource at Risk. [http://www.tpl.org].
9. Ferguson, S. 1999. A Brief History of Grassroots Greening in NYC. [http://www.newvillage.net].
10. Ferrer, E. 1998. Letter to Richard Roberts. 8 May. Green Guerilla Archives, Offices of Green Guerillas, New York City.
11. Fincher, R., and R. Panelli. 2001. Making Space: Women's Urban and Rural Activism and the Australian State. Gender, Place, and Culture 8 (2): 129-148.
12. Francis, M. 1989. The Urban Garden as Public Space. Places 6 (1): 52-59.
13. Goldsmith, W. W., and L. A. Randolph. 1993. Ghetto Economic Development. In Theories of Local Economic Development, edited by R. D. Bingham and R. Mier, 100-122. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications.
14. Green Guerillas. 1999a. City of New York to Community Gardeners: Get Ready to Lose Your Gardens to the Highest Bidders. Vitis Vine, special edition, winter, 1.
15. Green Guerillas. 1999b. Community Gardens Saved from City Auction: Judge Orders City to Remove All 112 City-Owned Lots from List of Properties to be Sold Tomorrow. Green Guerillas Press Release, 12 May.
16. Green Thumb. 2002. Green Thumb Web site. [http://www.greenthumbnyc.org].
17. Hansen, M. 1999. Testimony to the New York City Council Cultural Affairs Committee. Green Guerilla Archives, Offices of Green Guerillas, New York City.
18. Herod, A. 1991. The Production of Scale in United States Labour Relations. Area 23 (1): 82-88.
19. Herod, A. 2001. Labor Internationalism and the Contradictions of Globalization: Or, Why the Local Is Sometimes Still Important in a Global Economy. Antipode 33 (3): 407-426.
20. Herod, A., and M. Wright. 2002. Placing Scale: An Introduction. In Geographies of Power: Placing Scale, edited by A. Herod and M. Wright, 1-17. Oxford: Blackwell.
21. Honigman, A. 1999. Necrology of New York City Community Gardens. E-mail message to the ACGA listserv. [http://www.hort.net/lists//communityrden/].
22. Honigman, A. 2001. Interview with Christopher Smith. New York City, 16 May.
23. Hynes, H. P. 1996. A Patch of Eden: America's Inner City Gardeners. White River Junction, Vt.: Chelsea Green Publishing Company.
24. Johnston, R., D. Gregory, G. Pratt, and M. Watts, eds. 2000. The Dictionary of Human Geography. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell.
25. Jonas, A. 1994. The Scale Politics of Spatiality. Environment and Planning D: Society & Space 12 (3): 257-264.
26. Kurtz, H. E. 2001. Differentiating Multiple Meanings of Garden and Community. Urban Geography 22 (7): 656-670.
27. Kurtz, H. E. 2002. The Politics of Environmental Justice as a Politics of Scale. In Geographies of Power: Placing Scale, edited by A. Herod and M. Wright, 249-273. Oxford: Blackwell.
28. Leitner, H. 1997. Reconfiguring the Spatiality of Power: The Construction of a Supranational Migration Framework for the European Union. Political Geography 16 (2): 123-143.
29. Librizzi, L. 2001. Interview with Christopher Smith. New York City, 26 October.
30. Logan, J. R., and H. L. Molotch. 1996. The City as a Growth Machine. In Readings in Urban Theory, edited by S. Fainstein and S. Campbell, 291-337. Oxford: Blackwell.
31. Malakoff, D. 1995. What Good Is Community Greening? Philadelphia: American Community Gardening Association.
32. Marston, S. 2000. The Social Construction of Scale. Progress in Human Geography 24 (2): 219-242.
33. McCann, E. J. 2002. The Cultural Politics of Local Economic Development: Meaning-Making, Place-Making, and the Urban Policy Process. Geoforum 33 (3): 385-398.
34. Merrett, C. 2001. Understanding Local Responses to Globalisation: The Production of Geographical Scale and Political Identity. National Identities 3 (1): 69-87.
35. Miller, B. 1997. Political Action and the Geography of Defense Investment: Geographical Scale and the Representation of the Massachusetts Miracle. Political Geography 16 (2): 171-185.
36. Mitchell, D. 1997. The Annihilation of Space by Law: The Roots and Implications of Anti-Homeless Laws in the United States. Antipode 29 (3): 303-335.
37. More Gardens! Coalition. 2002. Confidential interview with Christopher Smith. New York City, 26 February.
38. Nemore, C. 1998. Rooted in Community: Community Gardens in New York City, A Report to the New York State Senate. New York Senate Minority Office. 14 April.
39. New York City Department of City Planning. 2003. BYTES of the BIG APPLE™: Administrative and Political Districts. [http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/dcp/html/bytes/applbyte.html].
40. Payne, K., D. Fryman, and D. Boekelheide. 2001. Cultivating Community: Principles and Practices for Community Gardening as a Community-Building Tool. Philadelphia: American Community Gardening Association.
41. Peck, J., and A. Tickell. 2002. Neoliberalizing Space. Antipode 34 (3): 380-404.
42. Preston, P. W. 1996. Development Theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
43. Raver, A. 1999. City Rejects $2 Million Offer for Gardens. New York Times, 23 April, §B, 3.
44. Schmelzkopf, K. 1995. Urban Community Gardens as a Contested Space. Geographical Review 85 (3): 364-380.
45. Schmelzkopf, K. 2002. Incommensurability, Land Use, and the Right to Space: Community Gardens in New York City. Urban Geography 23 (4): 323-343.
46. Schukoske, J. E. 2000. Community Development through Gardening: State and Local Policies Transforming Urban Open Space. Legislation and Public Policy 3: 351-392.
47. Smith, N. 1984. Uneven Development: Nature, Capital, and the Production of Space. Oxford: Blackwell.
48. Smith, N. 1996. The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City. London: Routledge.
49. Smith, N. 1998. Giuliani Time: The Revanchist 1990s. Social Text No. 57 [16 (4)]: 1-20.
50. Stone, E. 2000. Community Gardening in New York City Becomes a Political Movement. Paper presented at Perspectives of Small-Scale Farming in Urban and Rural Areas: About the Social and Ecological Necessity of Gardens and Informal Agriculture, Berlin, Germany, 22 July. [http:// userpage.fu-berlin.de/~garten/Buch/Stoneenglisch.htm].
51. Swyngedouw, E. 1997a. Excluding the Other: The Production of Scale and Scaled Politics. In Geographies of Economies, edited by R. Lee and J. Wills, 167-176. London: Arnold.
52. Swyngedouw, E. 1997b. Neither Global nor Local: "Glocalization" and the Politics of Scale. In Spaces of Globalization: Reasserting the Power of the Local, edited by K. Cox, 137-166. New York: Guilford Press.
53. Touraine, A. 2001. Beyond Neoliberalism. Translated by D. Macey. Malden, Mass.: Polity Press.
54. Towers, G. 2000. Applying the Political Geography of Scale: Grassroots Strategies and Environmental Justice. Professional Geographer 52 (1): 23-36.