US National Parks and management of park soundscapes: A review

Applied Acoustics

Volumn 69, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 77-92

  Miller, Nicholas P ^a  

^a Harris Miller Miller and Hanson Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

Audibility; Dose response; Natural sounds; Parks; Soundscape

Indexed keywords

COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY; DATA REDUCTION;

DOSE RESPONSE; NATURAL SOUNDS; SOUNDSCAPE;

ACOUSTIC NOISE;

EID: 39149143728     PISSN: 0003682X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2007.04.008     Document Type: Review

References (37)

1. As early as the 1930s floatplanes provided fishing access to the Superior National Forest (now the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness) in northern Minnesota. By 1948, Ely, Minnesota was said to have about 70 planes making multiple round trips per day into the remote lakes. Publicity brought national attention, and on December 17, 1949 President Truman issued Executive Order 10092 prohibiting flight below 4000 ft Mean Sea Level over specific areas. (See Federal Aviation Administration, Report to Congress, "Results of Surveillance of Aircraft Flights Over the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness," 1988.)
2. NPS organic act, 16 USC 1.
3. "The Redwood Act" of March 27, 1978, P.L. 95-250, 92 Stat. 166, codified at 16 USC 1, emphasizes the importance of preserving the "... public value and integrity of the National Park System... " and that these shall be managed in such a way as to prevent "... the derogation of the values and purposes for which these various areas have been established, except as may have been or shall be directly and specifically provided by Congress".
4. Public Law No. 100-91, 16 U.S.C. 1a-1 note, 1992.
5. NPS, Report on effects of aircraft overflights on the National Park System, Report to Congress, US Department of the Interior/National Park Service, July 1995.
6. Fay R.R. Hearing in vertebrates: a psychophysics databook (1998), Hill-Fay Associates, Winnetka, Illinois
7. Public Law 106-181, 49 USC 40128.
8. See FAA website .
9. Federal Aviation Administration, Special Federal Aviation Regulation 50-2.
10. McDonald CD, Baumgartner RM, Iachan R. National Park Service visitors survey, HMMH Report No. 290940.12, NPOA Report No. 94-2, January 1995.
11. Anderson GS, et al. Dose-response relationships derived from data collected at Grand Canyon, Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, HMMH Report No. 290940.14, NPOA Report 93-6, October 1993.
12. Fleming GG, et al. Development of noise dose/visitor response relationships for the National Parks Overflight Rule: Bryce Canyon National Park Study, FAA-AEE-98-01, July 1998.
13. Miller NP, et al. Mitigating the effects of military aircraft overflights on recreational users of parks, USAF Report AFRL-HE-WP-TR-2000-0034 (or DTIC ADA379467 at http://www.ntis.gov/), July 1999.
14. Miller N.P. Aircraft overflights in parks. Noise Control Eng J 47 3 (1999) 112-117
15. 36 CFR Part 7.
16. McMillon S. Snowmobiles guaranteed one more year in park. Bozeman daily chronicle, May 21 2005.
17. 36 CFR Section 3.7.
18. Menge CW, Ross JC, Volk JDS. Technical report on noise: personal watercraft and boating activities at Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, HMMH Report 295860.370, October 2002.
19. Foch Jr JD, Burke RE. Sound levels from oil and gas exploration activities, Flathead National Forest, Glacier National Park, Helena National Forest, EPA 908/1-85-001. February 1985.
20. Black CH. Report of preliminary survey of noise levels in Grand Canyon National Park, Northern Arizona University, 1971 [submitted to NPS, no report number or other identification].
21. Bowman EG. Aircraft noise evaluation, Grand Canyon, May-August 1975, Northern Arizona University, 1975 [submitted to NPS, no report number or other identification].
22. NPS. Aircraft noise evaluation. Resource Management Division. Grand Canyon NP, 1978 [no report number or other identification].
23. Dura PS. Aircraft noise evaluation - Grand Canyon NP, MSEE Student, U. of Wyoming, 1983.
24. Dunholter PH, et al. Methodology for the measurement and analysis of aircraft sound levels within National Parks, Mestre Greve Associates, MGA Technical Report Number 89-P07, March 1989.
25. Fidel S, et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of SFAR 50-2 in restoring natural quiet to Grand Canyon National Park, BBN Report Number 7197, NPOA Report Number 93-1, February 1992.
26. Horonjeff RD, et al. Acoustic data collected at Grand Canyon, Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes National Parks, HMMH Report Number 290940.18, NPOA Report Number 93-4, August 1993.
27. Bennet R, Fox C. Grand Canyon comparative sound study, Bennett/Cox, Consultants, 148 Gazania Court, Thousand Oaks, CA 91362, Prepared for Air Access Coalition, 1101 King Street #350, Alexandria, VA 22314, January 1994.
28. Hobbs C, Downing M. The soundscape in Zion National Park. Wyle Laboratories, WR 02-07, 2003.
29. Miller NP, et al. Acoustic data collected at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, HMMH Report Number 295860.341, September 2003.
30. Anderson GS, et al. NPS acoustic metadata and its corresponding acoustic data:current status, HMMH Report Number 295860.330, November 2003.
31. Miller NP, et al. Aircraft noise model validation study, HMMH Report 295860.29, January 2003. Available from: http://www.nps.gov/grca/overflights/documents/anmvs/index.htm.
32. Ross JC, et al. Development of an automated noise source identification system for Grand Canyon National Park, HMMH Report Number 295860.044, July 2005.
33. Green D.M., and Swets J.A. Signal detection theory and psychophysics (1988), Peninsula Publishing
34. For a basic discussion of audibility and its calculation, see Appendix C of Ref. [31].
35. Sax J.L. Mountains without handrails (1980), The University of Michigan Press
36. Hanson CE, et al. Aircraft noise effects on cultural resources: review of technical literature, HMMH Report No. 290940.04-1, NPOA Report Number 91-3, September 1991.
37. McKechnie AM, Gladwin DN. Aircraft overflight effects on wildlife resources, HMMH Report 290940.22, NPOA Report Number 93-8, November 1993.