The enteroviruses: An emerging infectious disease? the real, the speculative and the really speculative

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

Volumn 609, Issue , 2008, Pages 1-15

  Abzug, Mark J ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; CORTICOSTEROID; ENTEROVIRUS VACCINE; IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVE; MILRINONE; PLECONARIL; PYRAZOLO[3,4 D]PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVE; PYRIDAZINE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VASODILATOR AGENT; VIRUS VACCINE;

AMNION FLUID; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; BRAIN STEM; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONGENITAL INFECTION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; EXTRACORPOREAL OXYGENATION; FLACCID PARALYSIS; HEART ASSIST DEVICE; HUMAN; MORTALITY; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NONHUMAN; PLACENTA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME; VIRUS DIAGNOSIS; VIRUS ENCEPHALITIS; VIRUS PATHOGENESIS; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; ENTEROVIRUS; PATHOGENICITY; REVIEW; VIROLOGY;

ENTEROVIRUS;

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, EMERGING; ENTEROVIRUS; ENTEROVIRUS INFECTIONS; FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC; HUMANS;

EID: 39149139335     PISSN: 00652598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-73960-1_1     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (64)

1. Ablashi DV. (1994). Summary: viral studies of chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis, 18(Suppl 1):S130-S133.
2. Abzug MJ. (1995). Perinatal enterovirus infections. In Rotbart HA (ed.), Human Enterovirus Infections. American Society for Microbiology Press, Washington, DC, pp. 221-238.
3. Archard LC, Bowles NE, Behan PO, Bell EJ, and Doyle D. (1988). Postviral fatigue syndrome: persistence of enterovirus RNA in muscle and elevated creatine kinase. J R Soc Med, 81:326-329.
4. Barnard DL. (2006). Current status of anti-picornavirus therapies. Curr Pharm Des, 12:1379-1390.
5. Barnard DL, Hubbard VD, Smee DF, Sidwell RW, Watson KG, Tucker SP, and Reece PA. (2004). In vitro activity of expanded-spectrum pyridazinyl oxime ethers related to pirodavir: novel capsid-binding inhibitors with potent antipicornavirus activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 48:1766-1772.
6. Baschat AA, Towb In J, Bowles NE, Harman CR, and Weiner CP. (2003a). Is adenovirus a fetal pathogen? Am J Obstet Gynecol, 189:758-763.
7. Baschat AA, Towbin J, Bowles NE, Harman CR, and Weiner CP. (2003b). Prevalence of viral DNA in amniotic fluid of low-risk pregnancies in the second trimester. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 13:381-384.
8. Bowles NE, Bayston TA, Zhang HY, Doyle D, Lane RJ, Cunningham L, and Archard LC. (1993). Persistence of enterovirus RNA in muscle biopsy samples suggests that some cases of chronic fatigue syndrome result from a previous, inflammatory viral myopathy. J Med, 24:145-160.
9. Castro CM, Cruz AC, Silva EE, and Gomes ML. (2005). Molecular and seroepidemiologic studies of enterovirus 71 in the state of Para, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo, 47:65-71.
10. CDC. (2006). Enterovirus surveillance - United States, 2002-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 55:153-156.
11. Chang L, Hsia S, Huang Y, and Lin T. (2002). Left ventricular dysfunction and treatment of fulminant enterovirus 71 infection. Clin Infect Dis J, 35:1444.
12. Chang L, Hsia S, Wu C, Huang Y, Lin K, Fang T, and Lin T. (2004a). Outcome of enterovirus 71 infections with or without stage-based management: 1998 to 2002. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 23:327-331.
13. Chang L, Tsao K, Hsia S, Shih S, Huang C, Chan W, Hsu K, Fang T, Huang Y, and Lin T. (2004b). Transmission and clinical features of enterovirus 71 infections in household contacts in Taiwan. JAMA, 291:222-227.
14. Chen C, Chang Y, Huang C, Lui C, Lee K, and Huang S. (2001). Acute flaccid paralysis in infants and young children with enterovirus 71 infection: MR imaging findings and clinical correlates. Am J Neuroradiol, 22:200-205.
15. Chern JH, Shia KS, Hsu TA, Tai CL, Lee CC, Lee YC, Chang CS, Tseng SN, and Shih SR. (2004). Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidines: a novel class of potent enterovirus inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 14:2519-2525.
16. Chia JKS. (2005). The role of enterovirus in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Pathol, 58:1126-1132.
17. Chia JKS and Chia A. (2003). Diverse etiologies for chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis, 36:671-672.
18. Clements GB, McGarry F, Nairn C, and Galbraith DN. (1995). Detection of enterovirus-specific RNA in serum: the relationship to chronic fatigue. J Med Virol, 45:156-161.
19. Cover J, Popek E, Gomez A, Leos NK, and Rogers BB. (2005). Immunohistochemical and PCR analysis of enterovirus from placentas with chronic villitis and from neonates with neurologic impairment. Paediatric Pathology Society and Society for Pediatric Pathology Joint Meeting, Tours, France, Abstract #52.
20. Cunningham L, Bowles NE, and Archard LC. (1991). Persistent virus infection of muscle in postviral fatigue syndrome. Br Med Bull, 47:852-871.
21. Cunningham L, Bowles NE, Lane RJ, Dubowitz V, and Archard LC. (1990). Persistence of enteroviral RNA in chronic fatigue syndrome is associated with the abnormal production of equal amounts of positive and negative strands of enteroviral RNA. J Gen Virol, 71:1399-1402.
22. Douche-Aourik F, Berlier W, Feasson L, Bourlet T, Harrath R, Omar S, Grattard F, Denis C, and Pozzetto B. (2003). Detection of enterovirus in human skeletal muscle from patients with chronic inflammatory muscle disease or fibromyalgia and healthy subjects. J Med Virol, 71:540-547.
23. Euscher E, Davis J, Holzman I, and Nuovo GJ. (2001). Coxsackie virus infection of the placenta associated with neurodevelopmental delays in the newborn. Obstet Gynecol, 98:1019-1026.
24. Fu YC, Chi CS, Chiu YT, Hsu SL, Hwang B, Jan SL, Chen PY, Huang FL, and Chang Y (2003). Cardiac complications of enterovirus rhombencephalitis. Arch Dis Child, 89:368-373.
25. Galbraith DN, Nairn C, and Clements GB. (1997). Evidence for enteroviral persistence in humans. J Gen Virol, 78:307-312.
26. Genen L, Nuovo GJ, Krilov L, and Davis JM. (2004). Correlation of in situ detection of infectious agents in the placenta with neonatal outcome. J Pediatr, 144:316-320.
27. Gow JW and Behan WM. (1991). Amplification and identification of enteroviral sequences in the postviral fatigue syndrome. Br Med Bull, 47:872-885.
28. Gow JW, Behan WM, Clements GB, Woodall C, Riding M, and Behan PO. (1991). Enteroviral RNA sequences detected by polymerase chain reaction in muscle of patients with postviral fatigue syndrome. BMJ, 302:692-696.
29. Gow JW, Behan WM, Simpson K, McGarry F, Keir S, and Behan PO. (1994). Studies on enterovirus in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis, 18 (Supp1 1): S126-S129.
30. Ho M, Chen E, Hsu K, Twu S, Chen K, Tsai S, Wang J, and Shih S. (1999). An epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection in Taiwan. N Engl J Med, 341:929-935.
31. Hsia S, Wu C, Chang J, Lin T, Chung H, Lin K, Hwang M, Chou M, and Chang L. (2005). Predictors of unfavorable outcomes in enterovirus 71-related cardiopulmonary failure in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 24:331-334.
32. Huang C, Liu C, Chang Y, Chen C, Wang S, and Yeh T. (1999). Neurologic complications in children with enterovirus 71 infection. N Engl J Med, 341:936-942.
33. Huang F, Jan S, Chen P, Fu Y, and Chi C. (2002). Left ventricular dysfunction and treatment of fulminant enterovirus 71 infection - reply. Clin Infect Dis, 35:1444-1445.
34. Kao SJ, Yang FL, Hsu YH, and Chen HI. (2004). Mechanism of fulminant pulmonary edema caused by enterovirus 71. Clin Infect Dis, 38:1784-1788.
35. Lane RJM, Soteriou BA, Zhang H, and Archard LC. (2003). Enterovirus related metabolic myopathy: a postviral fatigue. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr, 74:1382-1386.
36. Lin T, Chang L, Hsia S, Huang Y, Chiu C, Hsueh C, Shih S, Liu C, and Wu M. (2002). The 1998 enterovirus 71 outbreak in Taiwan: pathogenesis and management. Clin Infect Dis, 34 (Suppl 2): S52-S57.
37. Lin TY, Hsia SH, Huang YC, Wu CT, and Chang LY (2003a). Proinflammatory cytokine reactions in enterovirus 71 infections of the central nervous system. Clin Infect Dis, 36:269-274.
38. Lin TY, Twu SJ, Ho MS, Chang LY, and Lee CY (2003b). Enterovirus 71 outbreaks, Taiwan: occurrence and recognition. Emerg Infect Dis, 9:291-293.
39. Lin KH, Hwang KP, Ke GM, Wang CF, Ke LY, Hsu YT, Tung YC, Chu PY, Chen BH, Chen HL, Kao CL, Wang JR, Eng HL, Wang SY, Hsu LC, and Chen HY (2006). Evolution of EV71 genogroup in Taiwan from 1998 to 2005: an emerging of subgenogroup C4 of EV71. J Med Virol, 78:254-262.
40. McArdle A, McArdle F, Jackson MJ, Page SF, Fahal I, and Edwards RH. (1996). Investigation by polymerase chain reaction of enteroviral infection in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Sci, 90:295-300.
41. McGarry F, Gow J, and Behan PO. (1994). Enterovirus in the chronic fatigue syndrome. Ann Intern Med, 120:972-973.
42. Mclver CJ, Jacques CFH, Chow SSW, Munro SC, Scott GM, Roberts JA, Craig ME, and Rawlinson WD. (2005). Development of multiplex PCRs for detection of common viral pathogens and agents of congenital infections. J Clin Microbiol, 43:5102-110.
43. McMinn P. (2002). An overview of the evolution of enterovirus 71 and its clinical and public health significance. FEMS Microbiol Rev, 26:91-107.
44. McMinn P, Stratov I, Nagarajan L, and Davis S. (2001). Neurological manifestations of enterovirus 71 infection in children during an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Western Australia. Clin Infect Dis, 32:236-242.
45. Mizuta K, Abiko C, Murata T, Matsuzaki Y, Itagaki T, Sanjoh K, Sakamoto M, Hongo S, Murayama S and Hayasaka K. (2005). Frequent importation of enterovirus 71 from surrounding countries into the local community of Yamagata, Japan, between 1998 and 2003. J Clin Microbiol, 43:6171-6175.
46. Nairn C, Galbraith DN, and Clements GB. (1995). Comparison of coxsackie B neutralization and enteroviral PCR in chronic fatigue patients. J Med Virol, 46:310-313.
47. Nolan MA, Craig ME, Lahra MM, Rawlinson WD, Prager PC, Williams GD, Bye AM, and Andrews PI. (2003). Survival after pulmonary edema due to enterovirus 71 encephalitis. Neurology, 60:1651-1656.
48. Nuovo GJ, Cooper LD, and Bartholomew D. (2005). Histologic, infectious, and molecular correlates of idiopathic spontaneous abortion and perinatal mortality. Diagn Mol Pathol, 14:152-158.
49. Palacios G and Oberste MS. (2005). Enteroviruses as agents of emerging infectious diseases. J Neurovirol, 11:424-433.
50. Perez-Velez CM, Robinson CC, Anderson MS, McFarland EJ., Wei Q, Nix WA, Oberste S, and Glode MP. (2004). An outbreak of enterovirus type 71 disease in Colorado, summer 2003. 42nd Annual Meeting of IDSA, Boston, MA, Abstract #990.
51. Reddy UM, Baschat AA, Zlatnik MG, Towbin JA, Harman CR, and Weiner CP. (2005). Detection of viral deoxyribonucleic acid in amniotic fluid: association with fetal malformation and pregnancy abnormalities. Fetal Diagn Ther, 20:203-207.
52. Sanders SA, Herrero LJ, McPhie K, Chow SS, Craig ME, Dwyer DE, Rawlinson W, and McMinn PC. (2006). Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71 over two decades in an Australian urban community. Arch Virol, 151:1003-1013.
53. Satosar A, Ramirez NC, Bartholomew D, Davis J, and Nuovo GJ. (2004). Histologic correlates of viral and bacterial infection of the placenta associated with severe morbidity and mortality in the newborn. Hum Pathol, 35:536-345.
54. Shah VA, Chong CY, Chan KP, Ng W, and Ling AE. (2003). Clinical characteristics of an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 32:381-387.
55. Shekhar K, Lye MS, Norlijah O, Ong F, Looi LM, Khuzaiah R, Marzuki I, Hussein I, Wong SL, Mohan J, Sinniah M, and Abu Bakar S. (2005). Deaths in children during an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Peninsular Malaysia - clinical and pathological characteristics. Med J Malaysia, 60:297-304.
56. Shih S, Tsai M, Tseng S, Wan K, Shia K, Li W, Chern J, Chen G, Lee C, Lee Y, Peng K, and Chao Y (2004). Mutation in enterovirus 71 capsid protein VP1 confers resistance to the inhibitory effects of pyridyl imidazolidinone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 48:3523-3529.
57. Tan EL, Chow VT, Kumarasinghe G, Lin RT, Mackay IM, Sloots TP, and Poh CL. (2006). Specific detection of enterovirus 71 directly from clinical specimens using real-time RT-PCR hybridization probe assay. Mol Cell Probes, 20:135-140.
58. Van den Veyver IB, Ni J, Bowles N, Carpenter Jr RJ, Weiner CP, Yankowitz J, Moise Jr KJ, Henderson J, and Towbin JA. (1998). Detection of intrauterine viral infection using the polymerase chain reaction. Mol Genet Metab, 63:85-95.
59. Wang SM, Lei HY, Huang KJ, Wu JM, Wang JR, Yu CK, Su IJ, and Liu CC. (2003). Pathogenesis of enterovirus 71 brainstem encephalitis in pediatric patients: roles of cytokines and cellular immune activation in patients with pulmonary edema. J Infect Dis, 188:564-570.
60. Wang SM, Lei HY, Huang MC, Wu JM, Chen CT, Wang JN, Wang JR, and Liu CC. (2005). Therapeutic efficacy of milrinone in the management of enterovirus 71-induced pulmonary edema. Pediatr Pulmonol, 39:219-223.
61. Welch J, Maclaran K, Jordan T, and Simmonds P. (2003). Frequency, viral loads, and serotype identification of enterovirus infections in Scottish blood donors. Transfusion, 43:1060-1066.
62. Wenstrom KD, Andrews WW, Bowles NE, Towbin JA, Hauth JC, and Goldenberg RL. (1998). Intrauterine viral infection at the time of second trimester genetic amniocentesis. Obstet Gynecol, 92:420-24.
63. Wu JM, Wang JN, Tsai YC, Liu CC, Huang CC, Chen YJ, and Yeh TF. (2002). Cardiopulmonary manifestations of fulminant enterovirus 71 infection. Pediatrics, 109:E26.
64. Yousef GE, Bell EJ, Mann GF, Murugesan V, Smith DG, McCartney RA, and Mowbray JF. (1988). Chronic enterovirus infection in patients with postviral fatigue syndrome. Lancet, 1:146-150.