Renalase deficiency in chronic kidney disease, and its contribution to hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 181-185

  Desir, Gary V ^a,b  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b VACHS   (United States)

Author keywords

Amine oxidase; Blood pressure regulation; Cardiovascular risk; Catecholamines; Renal failure; Renalase

Indexed keywords

AMINE OXIDASE (FLAVIN CONTAINING); CATECHOLAMINE; KIDNEY ENZYME; RENALASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ENZYME RELEASE; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION; HYPERTENSION; IN VIVO STUDY; KIDNEY FAILURE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

ANIMALS; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CATECHOLAMINES; CHRONIC DISEASE; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ENZYME PRECURSORS; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY; KIDNEY DISEASES; MONOAMINE OXIDASE;

EID: 39149127542     PISSN: 10624821     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MNH.0b013e3282f521ba     Document Type: Review

References (23)

1. Brenner BM, Deen WM, Robertson CR. Determinants of glomerular filtration rate. Annu Rev Physiol 1976; 38:11-19.
2. Jacobs K, Shoemaker C, Rudersdorf R, et al. Isolation and characterization of genomic and cDNA clones of human erythropoietin. Nature 1985; 313:806-810.
3. Persson PB, Skalweit A, Mrowka R, Thiele BJ. Control of renin synthesis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2003; 285:R491-497.
4. Anavekar NS, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, et al. Relation between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1285-1295.
5. Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, et al. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1296-1305.
6. Go AS, Lo JC. Epidemiology of nondialysis-requiring chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2006; 15:296-302.
7. Koomans HA, Blankestijn PJ, Joles JA. Sympathetic hyperactivity in chronic renal failure: a wake-up call. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15:524-537.
8. Joles JA, Koomans HA. Causes and consequences of increased sympathetic activity in renal disease. Hypertension 2004; 43:699-706.
9. Wolfe RA, Ashby VB, Milford EL, et al. Comparison of mortality in all patients on dialysis, patients on dialysis awaiting transplantation, and recipients of a first cadaveric transplant. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:1725-1730.
10. Oberg BP, McMenamin E, Lucas FL, et al. Increased prevalence of oxidant stress and inflammation in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2004; 65:1009-1016.
11. DiBona GF. Neural control of renal function: role of renal alpha adrenoceptors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1985; 7 (Suppl 8):S18-S23.
12. DiBona GF. Neural control of renal function: cardiovascular implications. Hypertension 1989; 13:539-548.
13. Ziegler MG, Morrissey EC, Kennedy B, Elayan H. Sources of urinary catecholamines in renal denervated transplant recipients. J Hypertens 1990; 8:927-931.
14. Xu J, Li G, Wang P, et al. Renalase is a novel, soluble monoamine oxidase that regulates cardiac function and blood pressure. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:1275-1280.
15. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Klausner RD, Collins FS. The mammalian gene collection. Science 1999; 286:455-457.
16. Wang J, Qi S, Cheng W, et al. Identification, expression and tissue distribution of a renalase homologue from mouse. Mol Biol Rep 2007; Epub ahead of print.
17. Xu J, Velazquez H, Li G, Desir GV. In vivo regulation of blood renalase activity by circulating catecholamines. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:845A. Description of the activation of prorenalase, which has no measurable amine oxidase activity, into the active enzyme renalase, by catecholamines in vivo.
18. Li G, Velazquez H, Xu J, Desir GV. Evidence for an inhibitor of renalase activity in human plasma. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:845A.
19. Ghosh SS, Gehr TWB, Sica DA, et al. Effect of renalase inhibition on blood pressure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:208A.
20. Ghosh SS, Gehr TWB, Sica DA, et al. Renalase regulates blood pressure in salt sensitive Dahl rats. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:208A.
21. Zhao Q, Fan Z, He J, et al. Renalase gene is a novel susceptibility gene for essential hypertension: a two-stage association study in northern Han Chinese population. J Mol Med 2007; 85:877-885. First description of an association between renalase polymorphisms and essential hypertension. One polymorphism is located in the promoter region. The other is in the coding region and results in a conserved substitution in the FAD binding site.
22. Desir GV, Li Y, Velazquez H, et al. Abnormal renalase secretion and activation in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:149A.
23. Desir GV, Li Y, Liu D, et al. Downregulation of cardiac renalase expression in CKD and protective effect of renalase in acute coronary syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:149A. CKD in rats not only leads to severe renalase deficiency in blood, but is also associated with decreased expression of renalase in the heart. Recombinant renalase preserves cardiac function during ischemia reperfusion suggesting that renalase deficiency worsens the sequelae of cardiac ischemia in patients with CKD.