메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 178-197

Self-construals across cultures: Beyond independence-interdependence

Author keywords

Arab; Culture; Self Construal Scale; Self construals

Indexed keywords


EID: 39149124777     PISSN: 00220221     EISSN: 15525422     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022022107313861     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (95)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0003144944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self and self-expansion in relationships
    • G. J. O. Fletcher & J. Fitness (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • Aron, A., & Aron, E.N. (1996). Self and self-expansion in relationships. In G. J. O. Fletcher & J. Fitness (Eds.), Knowledge structures in close relationships: A social psychological approach (pp. 325-344). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • (1996) Knowledge Structures in Close Relationships: A Social Psychological Approach , pp. 325-344
    • Aron, A.1    Aron, E.N.2
  • 2
    • 0040561297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Including others in the self: Extensions to own and partner's group memberships
    • C. Sedikides & M. B. Brewer (Eds.), Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
    • Aron, A., & McLaughlin-Volpe, T. (2001). Including others in the self: Extensions to own and partner's group memberships. In C. Sedikides & M. B. Brewer (Eds.), Individual self, relational self, collective self (pp. 89-108). Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
    • (2001) Individual Self, Relational Self, Collective Self , pp. 89-108
    • Aron, A.1    McLaughlin-Volpe, T.2
  • 4
    • 84965708059 scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural differences in the self concept. a test of Hofstede's individualism/collectivism distinction
    • Bochner, S. (1994). Cross-cultural differences in the self concept. A test of Hofstede's individualism/collectivism distinction. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 25, 273-283.
    • (1994) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 273-283
    • Bochner, S.1
  • 6
    • 33846303572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where (who) are collectives in collectivism? toward conceptual clarification of individualism and collectivism
    • Brewer, M.B., & Chen, Y. -R. (2007). Where (who) are collectives in collectivism? Toward conceptual clarification of individualism and collectivism. Psychological Review, 114, 133-151.
    • (2007) Psychological Review , vol.114 , pp. 133-151
    • Brewer, M.B.1    Chen, Y.2
  • 7
    • 0030514122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who is this "we"? Levels of collective identity and self-representations
    • Brewer, M.B., & Gardner, W. (1996). Who is this "we"? Levels of collective identity and self-representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 83-93.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.71 , pp. 83-93
    • Brewer, M.B.1    Gardner, W.2
  • 8
    • 85004774563 scopus 로고
    • Recognising group diversity: Individualist-collectivist and autonomous-relational social orientations and their implications for inter-group processes
    • Brown, R., Hinkle, S., Ely, P.G., Fox-Cardamone, L., Maras, P., & Taylor, L.A. (1992). Recognising group diversity: Individualist-collectivist and autonomous-relational social orientations and their implications for inter-group processes. British Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 327-342.
    • (1992) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 327-342
    • Brown, R.1    Hinkle, S.2    Ely, P.G.3    Fox-Cardamone, L.4    Maras, P.5    Taylor, L.A.6
  • 9
    • 0001233581 scopus 로고
    • Alternative ways of assessing model fit
    • K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • Browne, M.W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural models (pp. xx - xx). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1993) Testing Structural Models
    • Browne, M.W.1    Cudeck, R.2
  • 10
    • 0033476629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causal attribution across cultures: Variations and universality
    • Choi, I., Nisbett, R.E., & Norenzayan, A. (1999). Causal attribution across cultures: Variations and universality. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 47-63.
    • (1999) Psychological Bulletin , vol.125 , pp. 47-63
    • Choi, I.1    Nisbett, R.E.2    Norenzayan, A.3
  • 11
    • 0000568237 scopus 로고
    • Culture and self-perception in Japan and the United States
    • Cousins, S.D. (1989). Culture and self-perception in Japan and the United States. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 124-131.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 124-131
    • Cousins, S.D.1
  • 12
    • 9344228993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Religiosity, values and horizontal and vertical individualism- collectivism: A study of Turkey, the United States and the Philippines
    • Cukur, C.S., Guzman, M.R.T., & Carlo, G. (2004). Religiosity, values and horizontal and vertical individualism- collectivism: A study of Turkey, the United States and the Philippines. Journal of Social Psychology, 144, 613-634.
    • (2004) Journal of Social Psychology , vol.144 , pp. 613-634
    • Cukur, C.S.1    Guzman, M.R.T.2    Carlo, G.3
  • 13
    • 0001930356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connecting the person to the social: The functions of social identification
    • T. Tyler, R. M. Kramer, & O. P. John (Eds.), London: Erlbaum.
    • Deaux, K., Reid, A., Mizrahi, K., & Cotting, D. (1999). Connecting the person to the social: The functions of social identification. In T. Tyler, R. M. Kramer, & O. P. John (Eds.), The psychology of the social self (pp. 91-113). London: Erlbaum.
    • (1999) The Psychology of the Social Self , pp. 91-113
    • Deaux, K.1    Reid, A.2    Mizrahi, K.3    Cotting, D.4
  • 15
    • 0000658307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cultural matrix of social psychology
    • D. T. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), 4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • Fiske, A.P., Kitayama, S., Markus, H.R., & Nisbett, R.E. (1998). The cultural matrix of social psychology. In D. T. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (4 th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 915-981). New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1998) Handbook of Social Psychology , pp. 915-981
    • Fiske, A.P.1    Kitayama, S.2    Markus, H.R.3    Nisbett, R.E.4
  • 18
    • 0001081862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of cultural individualism-collectivism, self-construals, and individual values on communication styles across cultures
    • Gudykunst, W.B., Matsumoto, Y., Ting-Toomey, S., Nishida, T., Kim, K., & Heyman, S. (1996). The influence of cultural individualism-collectivism, self-construals, and individual values on communication styles across cultures. Human Communication Research, 22, 510-543.
    • (1996) Human Communication Research , vol.22 , pp. 510-543
    • Gudykunst, W.B.1    Matsumoto, Y.2    Ting-Toomey, S.3    Nishida, T.4    Kim, K.5    Heyman, S.6
  • 19
    • 0036264461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the interdependent self more sensitive to question context than the independent self? Self-construal and the observation of conversational norms
    • Haberstroh, S., Oyserman, D., Schwarz, N., Kuhnen, U., & Ji, L. (2002). Is the interdependent self more sensitive to question context than the independent self? Self-construal and the observation of conversational norms. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 323-329.
    • (2002) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 323-329
    • Haberstroh, S.1    Oyserman, D.2    Schwarz, N.3    Kuhnen, U.4    Ji, L.5
  • 21
    • 2442436653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factor structure of the self-construal scale revisited: Implications for the multidimensionality of self-construal
    • Hardin, E.E., Leong, F.T.L., & Bhagwat, A.A. (2004). Factor structure of the self-construal scale revisited: Implications for the multidimensionality of self-construal. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 327-345.
    • (2004) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 327-345
    • Hardin, E.E.1    Leong, F.T.L.2    Bhagwat, A.A.3
  • 24
    • 67650706330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutoff criteria for fit indexes for covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
    • Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes for covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modelling, 6 (1). 1-55.
    • (1999) Structural Equation Modelling , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-55
    • Hu, L.-T.1    Bentler, P.M.2
  • 25
    • 0002941005 scopus 로고
    • Culture, values and the spontaneous self-concept
    • Ip, G.W. M., & Bond, M.H. (1995). Culture, values and the spontaneous self-concept. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 1, 29-35.
    • (1995) Asian Journal of Social Psychology , vol.1 , pp. 29-35
    • Ip, G.W.1    Bond, M.H.2
  • 26
    • 22144456741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context: Implications for self and family
    • Katba, C. (2005). Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context: Implications for self and family. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 403-422.
    • (2005) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 403-422
    • Katba, C.1
  • 27
    • 0034384680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development and validation of the Relational, Individual and Collective Self-Aspects (RIC) Scale
    • Kashima, E.S., & Hardie, E.A. (2000). The development and validation of the Relational, Individual and Collective Self-Aspects (RIC) Scale. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 3, 19-48.
    • (2000) Asian Journal of Social Psychology , vol.3 , pp. 19-48
    • Kashima, E.S.1    Hardie, E.A.2
  • 29
    • 0031155901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self: Self-enhancement in the United States and self-criticism in Japan
    • Kitayama, S., Markus, H.R., Matsumoto, H., & Norasakkunkit, V. (1997). Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self: Self-enhancement in the United States and self-criticism in Japan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1245-1267.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 1245-1267
    • Kitayama, S.1    Markus, H.R.2    Matsumoto, H.3    Norasakkunkit, V.4
  • 31
    • 0035293494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The semantic-procedural interface model of the self: The role of self-knowledge for context-dependent versus context-independent modes of thinking
    • Khnen, U., Hannover, B., & Schubert, B. (2001). The semantic-procedural interface model of the self: The role of self-knowledge for context-dependent versus context-independent modes of thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 397-409.
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.80 , pp. 397-409
    • Khnen, U.1    Hannover, B.2    Schubert, B.3
  • 33
    • 12044258070 scopus 로고
    • Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation
    • Markus, H.R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
    • (1991) Psychological Review , vol.98 , pp. 224-253
    • Markus, H.R.1    Kitayama, S.2
  • 34
    • 0000319788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture and "basic" psychological principles
    • E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), New York: Guilford.
    • Markus, H.R., Kitayama, S., & Heiman, R.J. (1997). Culture and "basic" psychological principles. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (Vol. 4., pp. 857-913). New York: Guilford.
    • (1997) Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles , pp. 857-913
    • Markus, H.R.1    Kitayama, S.2    Heiman, R.J.3
  • 35
    • 0030550035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Being different or being better? National stereotypes and identifications of Polish and Dutch students
    • Mlicki, P.P., & Ellemers, N. (1996). Being different or being better? National stereotypes and identifications of Polish and Dutch students. European Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 97-114.
    • (1996) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 97-114
    • Mlicki, P.P.1    Ellemers, N.2
  • 36
    • 0036370845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses
    • Oyserman, D., Coon, H.M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 3-72.
    • (2002) Psychological Bulletin , vol.128 , pp. 3-72
    • Oyserman, D.1    Coon, H.M.2    Kemmelmeier, M.3
  • 38
    • 0030523331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in collectivism and individualism by in-group and culture: Confirmatory factor analyses
    • Rhee, E., Uleman, J.S., & Lee, H.K. (1996). Variations in collectivism and individualism by in-group and culture: Confirmatory factor analyses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 1037-1054.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.71 , pp. 1037-1054
    • Rhee, E.1    Uleman, J.S.2    Lee, H.K.3
  • 40
    • 15944379250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individualism: A valid and important dimension of cultural differences between nations
    • Schimmack, U., Oishi, S., & Diener, E. (2005). Individualism: A valid and important dimension of cultural differences between nations. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9, 17-31.
    • (2005) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.9 , pp. 17-31
    • Schimmack, U.1    Oishi, S.2    Diener, E.3
  • 41
    • 77954025485 scopus 로고
    • Universals in the content and structures of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries
    • M. Zanna (Ed.), San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • Schwartz, S. (1992). Universals in the content and structures of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25, pp. 1-65). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1992) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , pp. 1-65
    • Schwartz, S.1
  • 42
    • 0001937918 scopus 로고
    • Cultural dimensions of values: Toward an understanding of national differences
    • U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S.-C. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.), Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage.
    • Schwartz, S. (1994). Cultural dimensions of values: Toward an understanding of national differences. In U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S.-C. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.), Individualism and collectivism (pp. 85-119). Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage.
    • (1994) Individualism and Collectivism , pp. 85-119
    • Schwartz, S.1
  • 43
    • 0347060258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual self, relational self, and collective self: Partners, opponents, or strangers?
    • C. Sedikides & M. B. Brewer (Eds.), Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
    • Sedikides, C., & Brewer, M.B. (2001). Individual self, relational self, and collective self: Partners, opponents, or strangers? In C. Sedikides & M. B. Brewer (Eds.), Individual self, relational self, collective self (pp. 1-4). Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
    • (2001) Individual Self, Relational Self, Collective Self , pp. 1-4
    • Sedikides, C.1    Brewer, M.B.2
  • 44
    • 21844491931 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals
    • Singelis, T.M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 580-591.
    • (1994) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.20 , pp. 580-591
    • Singelis, T.M.1
  • 45
    • 0001574239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpackaging culture's influence on self-esteem and embarrassability: The role of self-construals
    • Singelis, T.M., Bond, M.H., Sharkey, W.F., & Lai, S.Y. (1999). Unpackaging culture's influence on self-esteem and embarrassability: The role of self-construals. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30, 315-341.
    • (1999) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 315-341
    • Singelis, T.M.1    Bond, M.H.2    Sharkey, W.F.3    Lai, S.Y.4
  • 46
    • 0029257563 scopus 로고
    • Culture, self, and collectivist communication: Linking culture to individual behavior
    • Singelis, T.M., & Brown, W. (1995). Culture, self, and collectivist communication: Linking culture to individual behavior. Human Communication Research, 21, 354-389.
    • (1995) Human Communication Research , vol.21 , pp. 354-389
    • Singelis, T.M.1    Brown, W.2
  • 47
    • 84965489320 scopus 로고
    • Horizontal and vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism: A theoretical and measurement refinement
    • Singelis, T.M., Triandis, H.C., Bhawuk, D., & Gelfand, M. (1995). Horizontal and vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism: A theoretical and measurement refinement. Cross-Cultural Research, 29, 240-275.
    • (1995) Cross-Cultural Research , vol.29 , pp. 240-275
    • Singelis, T.M.1    Triandis, H.C.2    Bhawuk, D.3    Gelfand, M.4
  • 49
    • 33846311907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social identity theory in cross-cultural perspective
    • R. J. Brown & D. Capozza (Eds.), Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
    • Smith, P.B., & Long, K.M. (2006). Social identity theory in cross-cultural perspective. In R. J. Brown & D. Capozza (Eds.), Social identities: Motivational, emotional, cultural influences (pp. 153-169). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
    • (2006) Social Identities: Motivational, Emotional, Cultural Influences , pp. 153-169
    • Smith, P.B.1    Long, K.M.2
  • 50
    • 0002105318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Values
    • J. W. Berry, M. H. Segall, & . Katba (Eds.), 2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. Boston : Allyn & Bacon.
    • Smith, P.B., & Schwartz, S.H. (1997). Values. In J. W. Berry, M. H. Segall, &. Katba (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (2 nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 77-108). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
    • (1997) Handbook of Cross-cultural Psychology , pp. 77-108
    • Smith, P.B.1    Schwartz, S.H.2
  • 51
    • 0000957052 scopus 로고
    • Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix
    • Steiger, J.H. (1980). Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 245-251.
    • (1980) Psychological Bulletin , vol.87 , pp. 245-251
    • Steiger, J.H.1
  • 53
    • 0040506181 scopus 로고
    • The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts
    • Triandis, H.C. (1989). The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review, 96, 506-520.
    • (1989) Psychological Review , vol.96 , pp. 506-520
    • Triandis, H.C.1
  • 57
    • 0001870478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social identity, personality, and the self-concept: A self-categorization perspective
    • T. Tyler, R. M. Kramer, & O. P. John (Eds.), London: Erlbaum.
    • Turner, J.C., & Onorato, R.S. (1999). Social identity, personality, and the self-concept: A self-categorization perspective. In T. Tyler, R. M. Kramer, & O. P. John (Eds.), The psychology of the social self (pp. 11-46). London: Erlbaum.
    • (1999) The Psychology of the Social Self , pp. 11-46
    • Turner, J.C.1    Onorato, R.S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.