Compound-specific chlorine isotope analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls isolated from Aroclor and Clophen technical mixtures

Chemosphere

Volumn 71, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 299-305

  Mandalakis, Manolis ^a   Holmstrand, Henry ^b   Andersson, Per ^b   Gustafsson, Örjan ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CRETE   (Greece)

^b SWEDISH MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY   (Sweden)

^c STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Chlorine isotope analysis; CSIA; PCBs; Preparative capillary gas chromatography; TIMS

Indexed keywords

CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; DEGRADATION; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY;

CHLORINE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; CSIA; PREPARATIVE CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; TIMS;

POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS;

AROCLOR; CHLORINE; HEXACHLOROBENZENE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL DERIVATIVE;

CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; DEGRADATION; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS;

CHLORINE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; IN SITU MEASUREMENT; ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS; ORGANOCHLORINE; PCB;

ARTICLE; CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHLORINATION; DEGRADATION; INDUSTRY; ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MEASUREMENT; MONITORING; THERMAL IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY;

AROCLORS; CHLORINE; CHROMATOGRAPHY, GAS; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; ISOTOPES; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS;

EID: 39149123565     PISSN: 00456535     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.09.004     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Anderson P., and Hites R. OH radical reactions: The major removal pathway for polychlorinated biphenyls from the atmosphere. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30 (1996) 1756-1763
2. Axelman J., and Gustafsson O. Global sinks of PCBs: A critical assessment of the vapor-phase hydroxy radical sink emphasizing field diagnostics and model assumptions. Global Biogeochem. Cy. 16 (2002) 58-1-58-13 10.1029/2002GB00190
3. Breivik K., Sweetman A., Pacyna J.M., and Jones K.C. Towards a global historical emission inventory for selected PCB congeners - a mass balance approach. 1. Global production and consumption. Sci. Total Environ. 290 (2002) 181-198
4. Bunce N.J., Landers J.P., Langshaw J.A., and Nakai J.S. An assessment of the importance of direct solar degradation of some simple chlorinated benzenes and biphenyls in the vapor phase. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23 (1989) 213-218
5. Drenzek N.J., Eglinton T.I., May J.M., Wu Q.Z., Sowers K.R., and Reddy C.M. The absence and application of stable carbon isotopic fractionation during the reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35 (2001) 3310-3313
6. Erickson M.D. Analytical Chemistry of PCBs. Second ed. (1997), CRC Press/Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida pp. 31-38
7. Fiedler, H., 1998. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB): Uses and environmental releases. In: Proceedings of the Regional Awareness Raising Workshop on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Abu Dhabi, June 7-9, United Arab Emirates (available at: www.chem.unep.ch/pops/POPs_Inc/proceedings/abu-dhabi/CONTENTS.html).
8. Flanagan W.P., and May R.J. Metabolite detection as evidence for naturally occurring aerobic PCB biodegradation in Hudson River sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27 (1993) 2207-2212
9. Holmstrand H., Andersson P., and Gustafsson O. Chlorine isotope analysis of submicromole organochlorine samples by sealed tube combustion and thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 76 (2004) 2336-2342
10. Holmstrand H., Gadomski D., Mandalakis M., Tysklind M., Irvine R., Andersson P., and Gustafsson O. Origin of PCDDs in ball clay assessed with compound-specific chlorine isotope analysis and radiocarbon dating. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 (2006) 3730-3735
11. Holmstrand H., Mandalakis M., Zencak Z., Gustafsson O., and Andersson P. Chlorine isotope fractionation of a semi-volatile organochlorine compound during preparative megabore-column capillary gas chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 1103 (2006) 133-138
12. Holmstrand H., Mandalakis M., Zencak Z., Andersson P., and Gustafsson O. First compound-specific chlorine isotope analysis of environmentally bioaccumulated organochlorines indicates a degradation-relatable kinetic isotope effect (KIE) for DDT. Chemosphere (2007) 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.05.067
13. Holt B.D., Sturchio N.C., Abrajano T.A., and Heraty L.J. Conversion of chlorinated volatile organic compounds to carbon dioxide and methyl chloride for isotopic analysis of carbon and chlorine. Anal. Chem. 69 (1997) 2727-2733
14. Horii Y., Kannan K., Petrick G., Gamo T., Falandysz J., and Yamashita N. Congener-specific carbon isotopic analysis of technical PCB and PCN mixtures using two-dimensional gas chromatography - Isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 (2005) 4206-4212
15. Imamoglu I., Li K., Christensen E.R., and McMullin J.K. Sources and dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in the sediments of Fox River, Wisconsin. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38 (2004) 2574-2583
16. Jarman W.M., Hilkert A., Bacon C.E., Collister J.W., Ballschmiter K., and Risebrough R.W. Compound-specific carbon isotopic analysis of Aroclors, Clophens, Kaneclors, and Phenoclors. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32 (1998) 833-836
17. Jönsson A., Gustafsson O., Axelman J., and Sundberg H. Global accounting of PCBs in the continental shelf sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 (2003) 245-255
18. Laane R.W.P.M., Sonneveldt H.L.A., Van der Weyden A.J., Loch J.P.G., and Groeneveld G. Trends in the spatial and temporal distribution of metals (Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb) and organic compounds (PCBs and PAHs) in Dutch coastal zone sediments from 1981 to 1996: a model case study for Cd and PCBs. J. Sea Res. 41 (1999) 1-17
19. Mandalakis M., and Gustafsson O. Optimization of a preparative capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system for the isolation and harvesting of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J. Chromatogr. A 996 (2003) 163-172
20. Meckenstock R.U., Morasch B., Griebler C., and Richnow H.H. Stable isotope fractionation analysis as a tool to monitor biodegradation in contaminated acquifers. J. Contam. Hydrol. 75 (2004) 215-255
21. Meijer S.N., Ockenden W.A., Sweetman A., Breivik K., Grimalt J.O., and Jones K.C. Global distribution and budget of PCBs and HCB in background surface soils: Implications for sources and environmental processes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 (2003) 667-672
22. NIOSH, 1975. In: Current Intelligence Bulletin 7, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Cincinnati, OH (available at: www.cdc.gov/niosh/78127_7.html).
23. Pieper D.H. Aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls. Appl. Microbiol. Biot. 67 (2005) 170-191
24. Quensen J.F., Tiedje J.M., and Boyd S.A. Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls by anaerobic microorganisms from sediments. Science 242 (1988) 752-754
25. Reddy C.M., Heraty L.J., Holt B.D., Sturchio N.C., Eglinton T.I., Drenzek N.J., Xu L., Lake J.L., and Maruya K.A. Stable chlorine isotopic compositions of Aroclors and Aroclor-contaminated sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34 (2000) 2866-2870
26. Renner R. "Natural" remediation of DDT, PCBs debated. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32 (1998) 360A-363A
27. Schmidt T.C., Zwank L., Elsner M., Berg M., Meckenstock R.U., and Haderlein S.B. Compound-specific stable isotope analysis of organic contaminants in natural environments: a critical review of the state of the art, prospects, and future challenges. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 378 (2004) 283-300
28. Schulz D.E., Petrick G., and Duinker J.C. Complete characterization of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in commercial Aroclor and Clophen mixture by multidimensional gas chromatography-electron capture detection. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23 (1989) 852-859
29. Yanik P.J., O'Donnell T.H., Macko S.A., Qian Y., and Kennicutt M.C. Source apportionment of polychlorinated biphenyls using compound specific isotope analysis. Org. Geochem. 34 (2003) 239-251