Motor control of aimed limb movements in an insect

Journal of Neurophysiology

Volumn 99, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 484-499

  Page, Keri L ^a   Zakotnik, Jure ^b   Dürr, Volker ^b,d   Matheson, Thomas ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b BIELEFELD UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; BODY POSTURE; EXTENSOR MUSCLE; FLEXOR MUSCLE; INSECT; JOINT FUNCTION; KINEMATICS; LEG MOVEMENT; LIMB MOVEMENT; MOTONEURON; MOTOR ACTIVITY; MOTOR CONTROL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCRATCHING; TACTILE STIMULATION;

ACTION POTENTIALS; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; BIOMECHANICS; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GRASSHOPPERS; HINDLIMB; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MOTOR NEURONS; MOVEMENT; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; PHYSICAL STIMULATION; POSTURE; VIDEO RECORDING;

EID: 39149121807     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: 15221598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00922.2007     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Bässler D, Büschges A, Meditz S, Bässler U. Correlation between muscle structure and filter characteristics of the muscle-joint system in three orthopteran insect species. J Exp Biol 199: 2169-2183, 1996.
2. Bässler U. A movement generated in the peripheral nervous system: rhythmic flexion by autotomized legs of the stick insect Cuniculina impigra. J Exp Biol 111: 191-199, 1984.
3. Bässler U, Stein W. Contributions of structure and innervation pattern of the stick insect extensor tibiae muscle to the filter characteristics of the muscle-joint system. J Exp Biol 199: 2185-2198, 1996.
4. Bennet-Clark HC. The energetics of the jump of the locust Schistocerca gregaria. J Exp Biol 63: 53-83, 1975.
5. Berkowitz A, Laurent GJ. Local control of leg movement and motor patterns during grooming in locusts. J Neurosci 16: 8067-8078, 1996.
6. Burns MD, Usherwood PNR. The control of walking in orthoptera. II. Motor neuron activity in normal free walking animals. J Exp Biol 79: 69-98, 1979.
7. Burrows M. Physiological and morphological properties of the metathoracic common inhibitory neuron of the locust. J Comp Physiol 82: 59-78, 1973.
8. Burrows M. Motor patterns during kicking movements in the locust. J Comp Physiol [A] 176: 289-305, 1995.
9. Burrows M. The Neurobiology of an Insect Brain. Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press, 1996.
10. Burrows M, Horridge GA. The organisation of inputs to motoneurons of the locust metathoracic leg. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 269: 49-94, 1974.
11. Burrows M, Hoyle G. Neural mechanisms underlying behaviour in the locust Schistocerca gregaria. III. Topography of limb motoneurons in the metathoracic ganglion. J Neurobiol 4:167-186, 1973.
12. Burrows M, Watson AHD, Brunn DE. Physiological and ultrastructural characterization of a central synaptic connection between identified motor neurons in the locust. Eur J Neurosci 1: 111-126, 1989.
13. Duch C, Pflüger H-J. Motor patterns for horizontal and upside-down walking and vertical climbing in the locust. J Exp Biol 198: 1963-1976, 1995.
14. Dürr V, Matheson T. Graded limb targeting in an insect is caused by the shift of a single movement pattern. J Neurophysiol 90: 1754-1765, 2003.
15. Ewing AW, Manning A. Some aspects of the efferent control of walking in three cockroach species. J Insect Physiol 12: 1115-1118, 1966.
16. Faisal AA, Matheson T. Coordinated righting behaviour in locusts. J Exp Biol 204: 637-648, 2001.
17. Field LH, Burrows M. Reflex effects of the femoral chordotonal organ upon leg motor neurones of the locust. J Exp Biol 101: 265-285, 1982.
18. Gabriel JP, Scharstein H, Schmidt J, Büschges A. Control of flexor motoneuron activity during single leg walking of the stick insect on an electronically controlled treadwheel. J Neurobiol 56: 237-251, 2003.
19. Guschlbauer C, Scharstein H, Büschges A. The extensor tibiae muscle of the stick insect: biomechanical properties of an insect walking leg muscle. J Exp Biol 210: 1092-1108, 2007.
20. Hale JP, Burrows M. Innervation patterns of inhibitory motor neurons in the thorax of the locust. J Exp Biol 117: 401-413, 1985.
21. Heitler WJ, Burrows M. The locust jump. I. The motor program. J Exp Biol 66: 203-219, 1977a.
22. Heitler WJ, Burrows M. The locust jump. II. Neural circuits of the motor program. J Exp Biol 66: 221-241, 1977b.
23. Hoyle G. The anatomy and innervation of locust skeletal muscle. Proc Roy Soc Lond B Biol Sci 143: 281-292, 1955a.
24. Hoyle G. Neuromuscular mechanisms of a locust skeletal muscle. Proc Roy Soc Lond B Biol Sci 143: 343-367, 1955b.
25. Hoyle G. Distributions of nerve and muscle fiber types in locust jumping muscle. J Exp Biol 73: 205-233, 1978.
26. Hoyle G, Burrows M. Neural mechanisms underlying behaviour in the locust Schistocerca gregaria. I. Physiology of identified motorneurons in the metathoracic ganglion. J Neurobiol 4: 3-41, 1973.
27. Hustert R, Gnatzy W. The motor program for defensive kicking in crickets: performance and neural control. J Exp Biol 198: 1275-1283, 1995.
28. Krauthamer A, Fourtner J. Locomotory activity in the extensor and flexor tibiae of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. J Insect Physiol 24: 813-819, 1978.
29. Larsen GS, Frazier SF, Fish SE, Zill SN. Effects of load inversion in cockroach walking. J Comp Physiol [A] 176: 229-238, 1995.
30. Matheson T. Hindleg targeting during scratching in the locust. J Exp Biol 200: 93-100, 1997.
31. Matheson T. Contralateral coordination and retargeting of limb movements during scratching in the locust. J Exp Biol 201: 2021-2032, 1998.
32. Matheson T, Dürr V. Load compensation in targeted limb movements of an insect. J Exp Biol 206: 3175-3186, 2003.
33. Morris LG, Hooper SL. Muscle response to changing neuronal input in the lobster (Panulirus interruptus) stomatogastric system: spike number vs. spike frequency dependent domains. J Neurosci 17: 5956-5971, 1997.
34. Page KL, Matheson T. Wing hair sensilla underlying aimed hindleg scratching of the locust. J Exp Biol 207: 2691-2703, 2004.
35. Pearson KG. Central programming and reflex control of walking in the cockroach. J Exp Biol 56: 173-193, 1972.
36. Phillips CE. An arthropod muscle innervated by nine excitatory motor neurones. J Exp Biol 88: 249-258, 1980.
37. Sasaki K, Burrows M. Innervation pattern of a pool of nine excitatory motor neurons in the flexor tibiae muscle of a locust hind leg. J Exp Biol 201: 1885-1893, 1998.
38. Snodgrass RE. The thoracic mechanism of a grasshopper, and its antecedents. Smith Misc Coll 82: 1-111, 1929.
39. Tryba AK, Ritzmann RE. Multi-joint coordination during walking and foothold searching in the Blaberus cockroach. I. Kinematics and electromyograms. J Neurophysiol 83: 3323-3336, 2000.
40. Usherwood PNR, Grundfest H. Peripheral inhibition in skeletal muscle of insects. J Neurophysiol 28: 487-518, 1965.
41. Watson JT, Ritzmann RE. Leg kinematics and muscle activity during treadmill running in the cockroach, Blaberus discoidalis. I. Slow running. J Comp Physiol [A] 182: 11-22, 1998a.
42. Watson JT, Ritzmann RE. Leg kinematics and muscle activity during treadmill running in the cockroach, Blaberus discoidalis. II. Fast running. J Comp Physiol [A] 182: 23-33, 1998b.
43. Wolf H. Activity patterns of inhibitory motor neurons and their impact on leg movements in tethered walking locusts. J Exp Biol 152: 281-304, 1990.
44. Zakotnik J. Biomechanics and Neural Control of Targeted Limb Movements in an Insect (PhD dissertation). Bielefeld, Germany: University of Bielefeld, 2006.
45. rd Int. Symp. Adaptive Motion in Animals and Machines (AMAM2005), edited by Witte H. Ilmenau, Germany, 2005.
46. Zakotnik J, Matheson T, Dürr V. A posture optimisation algorithm for model-based motion capture of movement sequences. J Neurosci Methods 135: 43-54, 2004.
47. Zakotnik J, Matheson T, Dürr V. Co-contraction and passive forces facilitate load compensation of aimed limb movements. J Neurosci 26: 4995-5007, 2006.