The cosmological constant

General Relativity and Gravitation

Volumn 40, Issue 2-3, 2008, Pages 607-637

  Bousso, Raphael ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 39149118597     PISSN: 00017701     EISSN: 15729532     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10714-007-0557-5     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Hawking, S.W., Ellis, G.F.R.: The Large Scale Stucture of Space-Time. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1973)
2. Gibbons, G.W., Hawking, S.W.: Cosmological event horizons, thermodynamics, and particle creation. Phys. Rev. D 15, 2738 (1977)
3. Edwards, D.: Exact expressions for the properties of the zero-pressure Friedmann models. M.N.R.A.S. 159, 51 (1972)
4. Polchinski, J.: The cosmological constant and the string landscape. (2006), hep-th/0603249
5. Weinberg, S.: The cosmological constant problem. Rev. Mod. Phys. 61, 1 (1989)
6. Carroll, S.M.: The cosmological constant, astro-ph/0004075
7. Bousso, R.: Precision cosmology and the landscape. (2006), hep-th/0610211
8. Dyson, L., Kleban, M., Susskind, L.: Disturbing implications of a cosmological constant. JHEP 10, 011 (2002), hep-th/0208013
9. Banks, T.: Entropy and initial conditions in cosmology. (2007), hep-th/0701146
10. Linde, A.D.: The inflationary universe. Rept. Prog. Phys. 47, 925 (1984)
11. Sakharov, A.D.: Cosmological transitions with a change in metric signature. Sov. Phys. JETP 60, 214 (1984)
12. Banks, T.: T C P, quantum gravity, the cosmological constant and all that. Nucl. Phys. B 249, 332 (1985)
13. Linde, A.: Inflation and quantum cosmology. In: Hawking, S.W., Israel, W.(eds) 300 Years of Gravitation, pp. 604-630. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1987)
14. Weinberg, S.: Anthropic bound on the cosmological constant. Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2607 (1987)
15. Davies, P.C.W., Unwin, S.D.: Why is the cosmological constant so small. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 377, 147 (1982)
16. Barrow, J.D., Tipler, F.J.: The Anthropic Cosmological Principle. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1986)
17. Riess, A.G., et al.: Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant. Astron. J. 116, 1009 (1998), astro-ph/9805201
18. Perlmutter, S., et al.: Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 high-redshift supernovae. Astrophys. J. 517, 565 (1999), astro-ph/9812133
19. Tegmark, M., et al.: Cosmological constraints from the SDSS luminous red galaxies. Phys. Rev. D 74, 123507 (2006), astro-ph/0608632
20. Albrecht, A., et al.: Report of the Dark Energy Task Force. (2006), astro-ph/0609591
21. Brown, J.D., Teitelboim, C.: Dynamical neutralization of the cosmological constant. Phys. Lett. B 195, 177 (1987)
22. Brown, J.D., Teitelboim, C.: Neutralization of the cosmological constant by membrane creation. Nucl. Phys. B 297, 787 (1988)
23. Abbott, L.F.: A mechanism for reducing the value of the cosmological constant. Phys. Lett. B 150, 427 (1985)
24. Duff, M.J., Nieuwenhuizen, P.: Quantum inequivalence of different field representations. Phys. Lett. B 94, 179 (1980)
25. Aurilia, A., Nicolai, H., Townsend, P.K.: Hidden constants: The theta parameter of QCD and the cosmological constant of N=8 supergravity. Nucl. Phys. B 176, 509 (1980)
26. Bousso, R., Polchinski, J.: Quantization of four-form fluxes and dynamical neutralization of the cosmological constant. JHEP 06, 006 (2000), hep-th/0004134
27. Steinhardt, P.J., Turok, N.: Why the cosmological constant is small and positive. Science 312, 1180 (2006), astro-ph/0605173
28. Hawking, S.W.: The cosmological constant is probably zero. Phys. Lett. B 134, 403 (1984)
29. Klebanov, I.R., Susskind, L., Banks, T.: Wormholes and the cosmological constant. Nucl. Phys. B 317, 665 (1989)
30. Coleman, S.: Why there is nothing rather than something: A theory of the cosmological constant. Nucl. Phys. B 310, 643 (1988)
31. Coleman, S., Luccia, F.D.: Gravitational effects on and of vacuum decay. Phys. Rev. D 21, 3305 (1980)
32. Guth, A.H., Weinberg, E.J.: Could the universe have recovered from a slow first-order phase transition?. Nucl. Phys. B 212, 321 (1983)
33. Dasgupta, K., Rajesh, G., Sethi, S.: M theory, orientifolds and g-flux. JHEP 08, 023 (1999), hep-th/9908088
34. Giddings, S.B., Kachru, S., Polchinski, J.: Hierarchies from fluxes in string compactifications. Phys. Rev. D 66, 106006 (2002), hep-th/0105097
35. Silverstein, E.: TASI / PiTP / ISS lectures on moduli and microphysics. (2004), hep-th/0405068
36. Grana, M.: Flux compactifications in string theory: A comprehensive review. Phys. Rept. 423, 91 (2006), hep-th/0509003
37. Douglas, M.R., Kachru, S.: Flux compactification. (2006), hep-th/0610102
38. Kachru, S., Kallosh, R., Linde A., Trivedi, S.P.: De Sitter vacua in string theory. Phys. Rev. D 68, 046005 (2003), hep-th/0301240
39. Silverstein, E.: (A)dS backgrounds from asymmetric orientifolds. (2001), hep-th/0106209
40. Maloney, A., Silverstein, E., Strominger, A.: De Sitter space in noncritical string theory. (2002), hep-th/0205316
41. Denef, F., Douglas, M.R.: Distributions of flux vacua. JHEP 05, 072 (2004), hep-th/0404116
42. Farhi, E., Guth, A.H.: An obstacle to creating a universe in the laboratory. Phys. Lett. B 183, 149 (1987)
43. Page, D.N.: Typicality defended. (2007), arXiv:0707.4169 [hep-th]
44. Douglas, M.R.: The statistics of string / M theory vacua. JHEP 05, 046 (2003), hep-th/0303194
45. Gmeiner, F., Blumenhagen, R., Honecker, G., Lust, D., Weigand, T.: One in a billion: MSSM-like D-brane statistics. JHEP 01, 004 (2006), hep-th/0510170
46. Douglas, M.R., Taylor, W.: The landscape of intersecting brane models. JHEP 01, 031 (2007), hep-th/0606109
47. Kumar, J.: A review of distributions on the string landscape. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A21, 3441 (2006), hep-th/0601053
48. Vafa, C.: The string landscape and the swampland. (2005), hep-th/0509212
49. Arkani-Hamed, N., Motl, L., Nicolis, A., Vafa, C.: The string landscape, black holes and gravity as the weakest force. JHEP 06, 060 (2007), hep-th/0601001
50. Ooguri, H., Vafa, C.: On the geometry of the string landscape and the swampland. Nucl. Phys. B766, 21 (2007), hep-th/0605264
51. Linde, A., Linde, D., Mezhlumian, A.: From the big bang theory to the theory of a stationary universe. Phys. Rev. D 49, 1783 (1994), gr-qc/9306035
52. García-Bellido, J., Linde, A., Linde, D.: Fluctuations of the gravitational constant in the inflationary Brans-Dicke cosmology. Phys. Rev. D 50, 730 (1994), astro-ph/9312039
53. Garriga, J., Vilenkin, A.: A prescription for probabilities in eternal inflation. Phys. Rev. D 64, 023507 (2001), gr-qc/0102090
54. Garriga, J., Schwartz-Perlov, D., Vilenkin, A., Winitzki, S.: Probabilities in the inflationary multiverse. JCAP 0601, 017 (2006), hep-th/0509184
55. Easther, R., Lim, E.A., Martin, M.R.: Counting pockets with world lines in eternal inflation (2005), astro-ph/0511233
56. Linde, A.: Sinks in the landscape, Boltzmann Brains, and the cosmological constant problem. JCAP 0701, 022 (2007), hep-th/0611043
57. Vanchurin, V.: Geodesic measures of the landscape. Phys. Rev. D 75, 023524 (2007), hep-th/0612215
58. Bousso, R.: Holographic probabilities in eternal inflation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 191302 (2006), hep-th/0605263
59. Bousso, R., Freivogel, B., Yang, I.-S.: Eternal inflation: The inside story. Phys. Rev. D 74, 103516 (2006), hep-th/0606114
60. Freivogel, B., Susskind, L.: A framework for the landscape. (2004), hep-th/0408133
61. Feldstein, B., Hall, L.J., Watari, T.: Density perturbations and the cosmological constant from inflationary landscapes. Phys. Rev. D 72, 123506 (2005), hep-th/0506235
62. Garriga, J., Vilenkin, A.: Anthropic prediction for Lambda and the Q catastrophe. Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 163, 245 (2006), hep-th/0508005
63. Page, D.N.: Is our universe likely to decay within 20 billion years? (2006), hep-th/0610079
64. Bousso, R., Freivogel, B.: A paradox in the global description of the multiverse. JHEP 06, 018 (2007), hep-th/0610132
65. Schwartz-Perlov, D., Vilenkin, A.: Probabilities in the Bousso-Polchinski multiverse. JCAP 0606, 010 (2006), hep-th/0601162
66. Linde, A.: Towards a gauge invariant volume-weighted probability measure for eternal inflation. JCAP 0706, 017 (2007), arXiv:0705.1160 [hep-th]
67. Bousso, R., Yang, I.-S.: Landscape predictions from cosmological vacuum selection. Phys. Rev. D 75, 123520 (2007), hep-th/0703206
68. Olum, K.D., Schwartz-Perlov, D.: Anthropic prediction in a large toy landscape (2007), arXiv:0705.2562 [hep-th]
69. Clifton, T., Shenker, S., Sivanandam, N.: Volume weighted measures of eternal inflation in the Bousso-Polchinski landscape (2007), arXiv:0706.3201 [hep-th]
70. Bousso, R.: The holographic principle. Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 825 (2002), hep-th/0203101
71. Efstathiou, G.P.: M.N.R.A.S. 274, L73 (1995)
72. Vilenkin, A.: Quantum cosmology and the constants of nature. gr-qc/9512031
73. Weinberg, S.: Theories of the cosmological constant. astro-ph/9610044
74. Martel, H., Shapiro, P.R., Weinberg, S.: Likely values of the cosmological constant. astro-ph/9701099
75. Vilenkin, A.: Anthropic predictions: the case of the cosmological constant (2004), astro-ph/0407586
76. Weinberg, S.: Living in the multiverse (2005), hep-th/0511037
77. -5? Astrophys. J. 499, 526 (1998), astro-ph/9709058
78. Banks, T., Dine, M., Gorbatov, E.: Is there a string theory landscape? JHEP 08, 058 (2004), hep-th/0309170
79. Bousso, R., Harnik, R., Kribs, G.D., Perez, G.: Predicting the cosmological constant from the causal entropic principle. Phys. Rev. D 76, 043513 (2007), hep-th/0702115