Time limit at V̇O2max velocity in elite crawl swimmers

International Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 29, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 145-150

  Fernandes, Ricardo Jorge ^a   Keskinen, K L ^b   Colaco P ^a   Querido, A J ^a   Machado, L J ^a   Morais, P A ^a   Novais, D Q ^a   Marinho, D A ^a   Vilas Boas, J P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PORTO   (Portugal)

^b Finnish Society of Sport Sciences   (Finland)

Author keywords

Elite swimmers; Time limit; Velocity at V O2max

Indexed keywords

LACTIC ACID;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANAEROBIC METABOLISM; ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD; ARTICLE; BIOENERGY; BODY SURFACE; ENERGY COST; EXHAUSTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LACTATE BLOOD LEVEL; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; SWIMMING; TELEMETRY; TRAINING; VELOCITY; EXERCISE TOLERANCE; PHYSIOLOGY; PORTUGAL; TIME;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; EXERCISE TOLERANCE; HUMANS; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PORTUGAL; SWIMMING; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 39149111203     PISSN: 01724622     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-965113     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Astrand P-O, Saltin B. Maximal oxygen uptake and heart rate in various types of muscular activity. J Appl Physiol 1961; 16: 977-981
2. Barstow TJ, Mole P. Linear and nonlinear characteristics of oxygen uptake kinetics of heavy exercise. J Appl Physiol 1991; 71: 2099-2106
3. Billat V. Physiologie et méthodologie de l'entraînement. De la théorie à la pratique. Paris, France: De Boeck Université, 1998
4. 2 slow component and performance in endurance sports. Br J Sports Med 2000; 34: 83-85
5. 2max in subelite runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994; 26: 254-257
6. 2max in elite cyclists, kayak paddlers, swimmers and runners. Ergonomics 1996; 39: 267-277
7. 2max assessment. In: Chatard J-C (ed). Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming IX. Saint-Étienne: Publications de l'Université de Saint-Étienne, 2003: 313-318
8. Costill D, Kovaleski J, Porter D, Kirwan J, Fielding R, King D. Energy expenditure during front crawl swimming: predicting success in middle-distance events. Int J Sports Med 1985; 6: 266-270
9. 2 slow compo-nent in swimming. Eur J Appl Physiol 2001; 84: 95-99
10. Faina M, Billat V, Squadrone R, De Angelis M, Koralsztein J, Dal Monte A. Anaerobic contribution to the time to exhaustion at the minimal exercise intensity at which maximal oxygen uptake occurs in elite cyclists, kayakists and swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol 1997; 76: 13-20
11. 2max in swimmers. Int J Sports Med 2003; 24: 576-581
12. 2max evaluation. In: Dikic N, Zivanic S, Ostojic S, Tornjanski Z (eds). Abstract Book of the 10th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science. Belgrade, Serbia: Sport Medicine Association of Serbia, 2005: 266
13. Fernandes RJ, Billat VL, Cruz AC, Colaço PJ, Cardoso CS, Vilas-Boas JP. Does net energy cost of swimming affect time to exhaustion at the individual's maximal oxygen consumption velocity? J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2006; 46: 373-380
14. Howley ET, Basseet T, Welch HG. Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995; 27: 1292-1301
15. Keskinen KL, Rodriguez FA, Keskinen OP. Respiratory snorkel and valve system for breath-by-breath gas analysis in swimming. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2003; 13: 322-329
16. Kuipers H, Verstappen FT, Keize HA, Guerten P, van Kranenburg G. Variability of aerobic performance in the laboratory and its physiologic correlates. Int J Sports Med 1985; 6: 197-201
17. Lavoie J-M, Montpetit RM. Applied physiology of swimming. Sports Med 1986; 3: 165-189
18. Machado LJ, Querido AJ, Keskinen KL, Fernandes RJ, Vilas-Boas JP. Mathematical modelling of the slow component of oxygen kinetics in front crawl swimming. In: Vilas-Boas JP, Alves F, Marques A (eds). Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming X. Port J Sport Sci 2006; 6: 142-144
19. Prampero PE (di). The energy cost of human locomotion on land and in water. Int J Sports Med 1986; 7: 55-72
20. Prampero PE (di). Factors limiting maximal performance in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2003; 90: 420-429
21. Prampero PE (di), Pendergast D, Wilson D, Rennie D. Blood lactic acid concentrations in high velocity swimming. In: Eriksson B, Furberg B, Nelson RC, Morehouse CA (eds). Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress on Swimming Medicine. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1978: 249-261
22. Renoux J-C. Evaluating the time limit at maximum aerobic speed in elite swimmers. Training implications. Arch Physiol Biochem 2001; 109: 424-429
23. Shuter B, Aslani A. Body surface area: Du Bois and Du Bois revisited. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000; 82: 250-254
24. Termin B, Pendergast DR. Training using the stroke frequency-velocity relationship to combine biomechanical and metabolic paradigms. J Swimming Res 2000; 14: 9-17
25. Thompson KG, Atkinson G, MacLaren DPM, Lees A. Reliability of metabolic and stroke-cycle responses during sub-maximal breaststroke swimming. J Human Movement Stud 2004; 46: 35-54
26. Toussaint HM, Hollander AP. Energetics of competitive swimming. Implications for training programmes. Sports Med 1994; 18: 384-405
27. Toussaint HM, Groot G de, Savelber HH, Vervoorn K, Hollander AP. Active drag related to velocity in male and female swimmers. J Biomech 1988; 21: 435-438
28. Wakayoshi K, D'Acquisto L, Cappaert J, Troup J. Relationship between oxygen uptake, stroke rate and swimming velocity in competitive swimming. Int J Sports Med 1995; 16: 19-23
29. Zamparo P, Antonutto G, Capelli C, Francescato MP, Girardis M, Sangoi R, Soule RG, Pendergast DR. Effects of body size, body density, gender and growth on underwater torque. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1996; 6: 273-280