Malnutrition and the disproportional burden on the poor: The case of Ghana

International Journal for Equity in Health

Volumn 6, Issue , 2007, Pages

  Van De Poel, Ellen ^a,b   Hosseinpoor, Ahmad Reza ^c   Jehu Appiah, Caroline ^d   Vega, Jeanette ^c   Speybroeck, Niko ^e  

^a ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^c WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

^d GHANA HEALTH SERVICE   (Ghana)

^e INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL MEDICINE   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHILD; DEMOGRAPHY; EDUCATION; FAMILY PLANNING; FEMALE; GHANA; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MALNUTRITION; POVERTY; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIOECONOMICS; STANDARD; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 39149083086     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14759276     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1475-9276-6-21     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. The state of the world's children. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), 2000 http://www.unicef.org/sowc00/
2. Sub-Saharan Africa - the human costs of the 2015 'business-as-usual' scenario. United Nations (UN), http://hdr.undp.org/docs/events/Berlin/ Background_paper.pdf
3. The geography and causes of food insecurity in developing countries. LC Smith AEE Obeid HH Jensen, Agricultural Economics 2000 22 199 215 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2000.tb00018.x
4. Explaining child malnutrition in developing countries: a cross country analysis. LC Smith L Haddad, International Food Policy Research Institute, Food Consumption and Nutrition Division discussion paper nr. 60 2000
5. Determinants of child nutrition in north-west Uganda. V Vella A Tomkins A Borghesi GB Migliori BC Adriko E Crevatin, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1992 70 637 647 1464151
6. Epidemiological evidence for a potentiating effect of malnutrition on child mortality. DL Pelletier EA Frongillo JP Habicht, American Journal of Public Health 1993 83 1130 1133 8342721
7. Nutritional status as a predictor of child survival: summarizing the association and quantifying its global impact. DG Schroeder KH Brown, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1994 72 569 579 7923536
8. The effects of malnutrition on child mortality in developing countries. DL Pelletier EA Frongillo, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1995 73 443 448 7554015
9. Severity and timing of stunting in the first two years of life affect performance on cognitive tests in late childhood. MA Mendez LS Adair, Journal of Nutrition 1999 129 1555 1562 10419990
10. Economic crisis and malnutrition: socioeconomic determinants of anthropometric status of preschool children and their mothers in an African urban area. F Delpeuch P Traissac Y Martin-Pre JP Massamba B Maire, Public Health Nutrition 2000 3 39 47 10786722
11. Long-term consequences of growth retardation during early childhood. R Martorell J Rivera H Kaplowitz E Pollitt, Human growth: basic and clinical aspects Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, Hernandez M, Argente J, 1992 143 149
12. Quality of health care, survival and health outcomes in Ghana. V Lavy J Strauss D Thomas P de Vreyer, Journal of Health Economics 1996 15 333 357 10.1016/0167-6296(95)00021-6 10159445
13. Is malnutrition declining? An analysis of changes in levels of child malnutrition since 1980. M de Onis EA Frongillo M Blossner, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2000 78 1222 1233 11100617
14. UN Millennium Project. About the Goals: What they are. United Nations (UN), 2006 http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/goals/
15. Human Development Report. United Nations Development Program (UNDP), 2005
16. Strengthening health information systems to address health equity challenges. LB Nolen P Braveman JN Dachs I Delgado E Gakidou K Moser L Rolfe J Vega C Zarowsky, Bull World Health Organ 2005 83 8 597 603 16184279
17. Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), ORC Macro, Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2003 Calverton, Maryland 2004
18. Trends in Demographic, Family Planning, and Health Indicators in Ghana, 1960-2003: Trend Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys Data. ORC Macro, Calverton, Maryland, USA 2005
19. Bridging the North South divide in Ghana. A Shepherd E Gyimah-Boadi S Gariba S Plagerson A Wahab Musa, World Development Report 2006, Background Papers 2004
20. Imagine Ghana free of malnutrition. Ghana. Ghana Health Service, 2005
21. National Health Policy Draft. Ghana. Ghana Ministry of Health, 2006
22. Does prolonged breastfeeding adversely affect a child's nutritional status? LA Brakohiapa J Yartey A Bille E Harrison E Quansah MA Armar K Kishi S Yamamato, Lancet 1988 332 416 418 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)90411-4
23. Nutritional status in Ghana and its determinants. Social Dimensions of Adjustments in sub-Saharan Africa. H Alderman, World Bank Working Paper nr 3 World Bank, Washington 1999
24. Good care practices can mitigate the negative effects of poverty and low maternal schooling on children's nutritional status: Evidence from Accra. MT Ruel CE Levin D Armar-Klemesu D Maxwell S Morris, World Development 1999 27 1993 2009 10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00097-2
25. Determinants of child malnutrition - An intervention model for Botswana. CT Tharakan CM Suchindran, Nutritional Research 1999 19 843 860 10.1016/S0271-5317(99)00045-7
26. Implications of women's work for child nutritional status in sub-Saharan Africa: a case study of Nigeria. FA Ukuwuani CM Suchindran, Social Science and Medicine 2003 56 2109 2121 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00205-8
27. Socioeconomic inequalities in Child Malnutrition in the Developing World. A Wagstaff N Watanabe, World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper 2434; 2000
28. In an area of economic growth, is inequity holding back reductions in child malnutrition in Vietnam? NM Thang BM Popkin, Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2003 12 405 10 14672863
29. Inequities in under-five child malnutrition in South-Africa. E Zere D McIntyre, International Journal for Equity in Health 2003 2 14514357
30. Measuring socioeconomic status in health research in developing countries: should we be focusing on households, communities or both? JC Fotso B Kuate-Defo, Social Indicators Research 2005 72 189 237 10.1007/s11205-004-5579-8
31. Effect of economic inequality on chronic childhood undernutrition in Ghana. R Hong, Public Health Nutrition 2006 10 371 378 10.1017/S1368980007226035
32. On decomposing the causes of health sector inequalities with an application to malnutrition inequalities in Vietnam. A Wagstaff E van Doorslaer N Watanabe, Journal of Econometrics 2003 112 207 223 10.1016/S0304-4076(02) 00161-6
33. WHO Child Growth Standards: Length/height-for-age, Weight-forage, Weight-for-length, Weight-for-height and Body mass index-for-age: Methods and Development. World Health Organization Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group, World Health Organization Geneva 2006
34. Rationale for developing a new international growth reference. C Garza M de Onis, Food Nutr Bull 2004 25 1 Suppl S5 S14 15069915
35. Physical Status: The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry. World Health Organization (WHO), WHO Technical Report Series No. 854 World Health Organization, Geneva 1995
36. Decomposing world health inequality. M Pradhan DE Sahn SD Younger, Journal of Health Economics 2003 22 271 293 10.1016/S0167-6296(02)00123-6 12606146
37. WHO Anthro software and macros. World Health Organization, http://www.who.int/childgrowth/software/en/
38. On the measurement of inequalities in health. A Wagstaff P Paci E van Doorslaer, Social Science and Medicine 1991 33 545 7 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90212- U
39. The Bounds of the Concentration Index When the Variable of Interest is Binary, with an Application to Immunization Inequality. A Wagstaff, Health Economics 2005 14 429 432 10.1002/hec.953 15495147
40. Correcting the concentration index. G Erreygers, Research Paper 2006-027 Department of Economics, Faculty of Applied Economics, University of Antwerp 2006
41. Socioeconomic inequalities in malnutrition in developing countries. E Van de Poel A Hosseinpoor N Speybroeck T Van Ourti J Vega, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2007 forthcoming
42. Urban-rural differentials in child malnutrition: Trends and socioeconomic correlates in sub-Saharan Africa. J-C Fotso, Health and Place 2007 13 205 223 10.1016/j.healthplace.2006.01.004
43. JM Wooldridge, Econometric analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data Cambridge, MIT Press 2002
44. Measuring health inequality among children in developing countries: does the choice of the indicator of economic status matter? TAJ Houweling AE Kunst JP Mackenbach, International Journal for Equity in Health 2003 2 14609435
45. Does economic inequality affect child malnutrition? The case of Ecuador. C Larrea I Kawachi, Social Science and Medicine 2005 60 165 178 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.04.024
46. Why is child malnutrition lower in urban than in rural areas? Evidence from 36 developing countries. LC Smith MT Ruel A Ndiaye, World Development 2005 33 1285 1305 10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.03.002
47. Comparison of the World Health Organization child growth standards and the National Center for Health Statistics/WHO international growth reference: implications for child health programmes. M de Onis A Onyango E Borghi C Garza H Yang for the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group, Public Health Nutrition 2006 9 942 947 10.1017/PHN20062005 17010261
48. Cross-national variation in family influences on child health. T Heaton R Forste J Hoffmann D Flake, Social Science and Medicine 2005 60 97 108 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.04.029
49. Education as a factor in mortality decline: An examination of Nigerian data. J Caldwell, Population Studies 1979 33 395 413 10.2307/2173888
50. Migration and maternal health services utilization in rural Guatemala. DP Lindstrom E Munoz-Franco, Social Science and Medicine 2006 63 706 721 10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.02.007
51. Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy 2003-2005: An Agenda for Growth and Prosperity. Ghana Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper I (GPRSI), 2003 http://siteresources.worldbank.org/GHANAEXTN/Resources/Ghana_PRSP.pdf
52. Facts and Figures 2005. Ghana. Ghana Health Service, 2005 http://www.who.int/healthmetrics/tools/logbook/en/countries/gha/ 2006_Ghana_Fact_and_Figures_Health_2000-05.pdf
53. What difference does the choice of SES make in health inequality measurement? A Wagstaff N Watanabe, Health Economics 2003 12 885 90 10.1002/hec.805 14508873
54. Improving, Health, nutrition and population outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa. Bank World, World Bank, Washington 2004
55. A Profile of Health Inequalities in Ghana. WK Bosu N Nsowah-Nuamah PM Ward, Ministry of Health, Ghana 2000
56. A Review of the Ghana Health sector's Pro-poor Agenda. Ghana. WK Bosu GL Larya-Adjei D McIntyre, 2004
57. Poverty reduction through geographic targeting: How well does it work? J Baker M Grosh, World Development 1994 22 983 995 10.1016/0305-750X(94)90143-0
58. Does geographic targeting of nutrition interventions make sense in cities? Evidence from Abidjan and Accra. S Morris CE Levin M Armar-Klemesu D Maxwell MT Ruel, World Development 1999 27 2011 2019 10.1016/S0305-750X(99) 00098-4
59. National Development Planning Commission, Ghana. Ghana Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper II (GPRSII), 2005
60. Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data - or tears: An application to educational enrolments in states of India. D Filmer L Pritchett, Demography 2001 38 115 132 11227840