The two faces of Saudi Arabia

Survival

Volumn 50, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 143-156

  Yamani, Mai ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 39049160300     PISSN: 00396338     EISSN: 14682699     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00396330801899488     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Petition entitled 'A vision for the present and the future of the nation', January 2003, http://menber.alhewar.com/forum. php?action=view&id=359&cat_id=40.
2. 'Prince Abdullah Crosses the Path of the Security Apparatus by Receiving the Reformers at his Riyadh Palace on 22 January 2003' [in Arabic]
3. http://www.saudiaffairs.net/webpage/sa/issue01/article01r/ issu01rt01.htm.
4. 'The Detention of a Group of Activists and Intellectuals' [in Arabic]
5. http://www.rasid.com/artc.php?id=1148
6. Saudi Arabia: Bush Should Call for Dissidents' Release - Credibility of President's Call for Mideast Reform at Stake' [in Arabic], http://hrw.org/arabic/docs/2005/04/24/saudia10536.htm
7. Mai Yamani, 'Empty Promises: Arrests make Mockery of Saudi Reform Talk', International Herald Tribune, 23 March 2004.
8. Mai Yamani, 'Saudi Arabia's Theater of Reform', Project Syndicate, http://www.project.syndicate.org/commentary/yamani16.
9. 'Saudi Cabinet Reshuffle sees the Continuity of Ministers in their Positions' [in Arabic], http://www.asharqalawsat.com/ details.asp?section=1&issue=10342&article=411880
10. see also Reuters, 'No Change in Saudi Cabinet', 23 March 2007.
11. Half the office-holders were elected and half appointed. The entire female population was excluded from the vote. The percentage of the total population voting in each region was Najd, 4.6%; Hijaz, 3.9%; Al.Hasa & Qatif, 8%; S. Region, 3.7%; 12 N. Region, 6%. The national average was 4.8%. See Hamzah Al-Hassan, The Role of Religion in Building National Identity (Case Study: Saudi Arabia), unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Westminster, April 2006, pp. 98-9.
12. 'Prince Sultan: "We will Select Members for the Shura from All Parts of the Kingdom"' [in Arabic], http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2005/01/25/9795.html
13. 'Prince Sultan Speaks at a Press Conference' [in Arabic], http://www.alriyadh.com/2005/04/11/article55807_s.html.
14. 'Fatwa on How to Deal with Rafidi Butchers and their Restaurants' [in Arabic], http://www.ibn.jebreen.com/ftawa.php?view=vmasal&subid= 11092&parent=3959
15. 'Fatwa on How to Deal with Rafidi', http://www.ibn.jebreen.com/ ftawa.php?view=vmasal&subid=12461&parent=3959.
16. See for example Amnesty International, Report 2007: The State of the World's Human Rights (London: Amnesty Internatonal, 2007), pp. 222-4
17. http://thereport.amnesty.org/document/15.
18. 'Ministry of Economy and Statistics - Census Data' [in Arabic], http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/showproduct_standard.aspx?lid=25&pid=420.
19. 'Clampdown on a Large Terrorist Network Targeting Oil Installations in the Kingdom and Abroad' [in Arabic], http://www.daralhayat.com/arab_news/ gulf_news/04.2007/Item.20070427.3460e340.c0a8.10ed.01b2.ede861919fbc/ story.html.
20. Ibid.
21. al Watan in April 2007 reported 21 incidents in the past year of confrontations between the mutaw'a and Saudi nationals involving firearms and knives. Also see al Quds al Arabi, 7 July 2007.
22. 'Vice Squad: The Power of Saudi Arabia's Morality Police is being Challenged, amid Allegations of Abuse and Violence', Time, 6 August 2007.
23. 'Prince Naif Confirms that the "Committee" will Remain Strong' [in Arabic], http://www.islamtoday.net/albasheer/ show_news_content.cfm?id=13181. For Naif's confirmation of the mutaw'a's role
24. see 'Prince Naif Confirms his Standing by the "Committee"' [in Arabic], http://www.asharqalawsat.com/details.asp?article= 383995&issue=10160§ion=1.
25. Robin Wright and Peter Baker, 'Iraq, Jordan See Threat to Election from Iran', Washington Post, 8 December 2004.
26. Although Saudi official statistics of 2004 do not show any religious-sectarian affiliations, they indicate the proportion of the population living in each region of the kingdom. Najd (mostly Wahhabi) constitutes 30%, the Hijaz (Sunni non.Wahhabi) constitutes 32.2%, al-Hasa, Eastern region (mostly Shia) 15.5%, the Southern region (Sunni and partly Ismaili) 18.8% and the Northern region (Sunni non.Wahhabi) 3.3%. For more detailed information see Al-Hassan, The Role of Religion in Building National Identity.
27. Sefr al-Hawali, Kissinger's Promise and the American Aims in the Gulf (Riyadh: Al-Saudi'a, 1991).
28. See 'Fatwa: The Shi'a are more Dangerous to Islam than the Jews and the Christians' [in Arabic], http://www.ibn.jebreen.com/ ftawa.php?view=vmasal&subid=9546&parent=3959
29. 'The Net for the Defence of the Sunna. Fatwa: No Apologies for the Shi'a, Religious Evidence is Against Them' [in Arabic], http://www.d.sunnah.net/forum/showthread.php?t=21144
30. 'Fatwa: Commending the Conversion from Shi'ism, where there is Sin and Apostasy, to the True Islam' [in Arabic], http://www.d.sunnah.net/forum/ showthread.php?t=21101.
31. See Saudi News Agency, 13 July 2006
32. Mai Yamani, 'The Muslim Civil War', Project Synicate, 2006, http://www.project.syndicate.org/commentary/yamani12.