메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 255, Issue 3-4, 2008, Pages 836-846

Holocene records of Dendroctonus bark beetles in high elevation pine forests of Idaho and Montana, USA

Author keywords

8200 year event; Bark beetles; Dendroctonus; Holocene; Macrofossils; Pollen; Whitebark pine

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; BIOMASS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; FOSSIL FUELS;

EID: 39049156892     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.10.008     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (54)

References (88)
  • 1
    • 39049086771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alerich C.A., Klevgard, L., Liff, C., Miles, P.D., 2004. The forest inventory and analysis database: database description and users guide, version 1.7. http://www.ncrs2.fs.fed.us/4800/fiadb_documentation/FIADB_v17_122104.pdf .
    • Alerich C.A., Klevgard, L., Liff, C., Miles, P.D., 2004. The forest inventory and analysis database: database description and users guide, version 1.7. http://www.ncrs2.fs.fed.us/4800/fiadb_documentation/FIADB_v17_122104.pdf .
  • 2
    • 39049152968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alfaro, R., Campbell, R., Vera, P., Hawkes, B., Shore, T., 2004. Dendroecological reconstruction of mountain pine beetle outbreaks in the Chilcotin Plateau of British Coulmbia. In: Shore, T.L., Brooks, J.E., Stone, J.E. (Eds.), Mountain Pine Beetle Symposium: Challenges and Solutions, Natural Resources Canada, Information Report BC-X-399, pp. 245-256.
    • Alfaro, R., Campbell, R., Vera, P., Hawkes, B., Shore, T., 2004. Dendroecological reconstruction of mountain pine beetle outbreaks in the Chilcotin Plateau of British Coulmbia. In: Shore, T.L., Brooks, J.E., Stone, J.E. (Eds.), Mountain Pine Beetle Symposium: Challenges and Solutions, Natural Resources Canada, Information Report BC-X-399, pp. 245-256.
  • 4
    • 0001399654 scopus 로고
    • Some factors affecting oviposition behavior of the mountain pine beetle
    • Amman G.D. Some factors affecting oviposition behavior of the mountain pine beetle. Environ. Entomol. 1 (1972) 691-695
    • (1972) Environ. Entomol. , vol.1 , pp. 691-695
    • Amman, G.D.1
  • 5
    • 0001274781 scopus 로고
    • Population changes of the mountain pine beetle in relation to elevation
    • Amman G.D. Population changes of the mountain pine beetle in relation to elevation. Environ. Entomol. 2 (1973) 541-547
    • (1973) Environ. Entomol. , vol.2 , pp. 541-547
    • Amman, G.D.1
  • 6
    • 0002967028 scopus 로고
    • The role of the mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine ecosystems impact on succession
    • Mattson W.J. (Ed). Washington DC, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1976 August 19-27
    • Amman G.D. The role of the mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine ecosystems impact on succession. In: Mattson W.J. (Ed). The Role of Arthropods in Forest Ecosystems; Proceedings, 15th International Congress of Entomology. Washington DC, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1976 August 19-27 (1977) 3-18
    • (1977) The Role of Arthropods in Forest Ecosystems; Proceedings, 15th International Congress of Entomology , pp. 3-18
    • Amman, G.D.1
  • 7
    • 0000471275 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of mountain pine beetles reared in four pine hosts
    • Amman G.D. Characteristics of mountain pine beetles reared in four pine hosts. Environ. Entomol. 11 (1982) 590-593
    • (1982) Environ. Entomol. , vol.11 , pp. 590-593
    • Amman, G.D.1
  • 8
    • 39049102994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amman, G.D., Cole, W.E., 1983. Mountain pine beetle dynamics in lodgepole pine forests. Part II: population dynamics. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report INT-145, 59 p.
    • Amman, G.D., Cole, W.E., 1983. Mountain pine beetle dynamics in lodgepole pine forests. Part II: population dynamics. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report INT-145, 59 p.
  • 9
    • 0007636689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silvicultural controls of the mountain pine beetle: prescriptions and the influence of microclimate
    • Amman G.D., and Logan J.A. Silvicultural controls of the mountain pine beetle: prescriptions and the influence of microclimate. Am. Entomol. 44 (1998) 166-177
    • (1998) Am. Entomol. , vol.44 , pp. 166-177
    • Amman, G.D.1    Logan, J.A.2
  • 11
    • 0003101068 scopus 로고
    • Whitebark pine cone crops-a diminishing source of wildlife food?
    • Arno S.F. Whitebark pine cone crops-a diminishing source of wildlife food?. Western J. Appl. Forestry 1 3 (1986) 92-94
    • (1986) Western J. Appl. Forestry , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 92-94
    • Arno, S.F.1
  • 12
    • 0034670110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the consequences of global change for forest disturbance from herbivores and pathogens
    • Ayres M.P., and Lombardero M.J. Assessing the consequences of global change for forest disturbance from herbivores and pathogens. Sci. Total Environ. 262 (2000) 263-286
    • (2000) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.262 , pp. 263-286
    • Ayres, M.P.1    Lombardero, M.J.2
  • 13
    • 39049084426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bechtold, W.A., Patterson, P.L., 2005. The enhanced forest inventory and analysis program-national sampling design and estimation procedures. USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station General Technical Report SRS-80, Ashville, North Carolina.
    • Bechtold, W.A., Patterson, P.L., 2005. The enhanced forest inventory and analysis program-national sampling design and estimation procedures. USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station General Technical Report SRS-80, Ashville, North Carolina.
  • 14
    • 33646203829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spruce beetle outbreaks on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and Kluane National Park and ReserveM, Yuikon Territory: Relationship to summer temperatures and regional differences in disturbance regimes
    • Berg E.E., Henry J.D., Fastie C.L., DeVolder A.D., and Matsuoka S.M. Spruce beetle outbreaks on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and Kluane National Park and ReserveM, Yuikon Territory: Relationship to summer temperatures and regional differences in disturbance regimes. Forest Ecol. Manage. 227 3 (2006) 219-232
    • (2006) Forest Ecol. Manage. , vol.227 , Issue.3 , pp. 219-232
    • Berg, E.E.1    Henry, J.D.2    Fastie, C.L.3    DeVolder, A.D.4    Matsuoka, S.M.5
  • 15
    • 0035478854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breiman L., 2001. Random forests. Machine Learn 45:5-32. R Development Core Team 2004 R: A language and environment for statistical computing R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna.
    • Breiman L., 2001. Random forests. Machine Learn 45:5-32. R Development Core Team 2004 R: A language and environment for statistical computing R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna.
  • 17
    • 0348207914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postglacial fire, vegetation, and climate history in the clearwater range, Northern Idaho, USA
    • Brunelle A., and Whitlock C. Postglacial fire, vegetation, and climate history in the clearwater range, Northern Idaho, USA. Quat. Res. 60 (2003) 307-318
    • (2003) Quat. Res. , vol.60 , pp. 307-318
    • Brunelle, A.1    Whitlock, C.2
  • 18
    • 24944442475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene fire and vegetation along environmental gradients in the Northern Rocky Mountains
    • Brunelle A., Whitlock C., Bartlein P.J., and Kipfmueller K. Holocene fire and vegetation along environmental gradients in the Northern Rocky Mountains. Quat. Sci. Rev. 24 (2005) 2281-2300
    • (2005) Quat. Sci. Rev. , vol.24 , pp. 2281-2300
    • Brunelle, A.1    Whitlock, C.2    Bartlein, P.J.3    Kipfmueller, K.4
  • 19
    • 0027041759 scopus 로고
    • A Glacier Peak and Mount Saint Helens J volcanic ash couplet and the timing of deglaciation in the Colville Valley area, Washington
    • Carrara P.E., and Trimble D.A. A Glacier Peak and Mount Saint Helens J volcanic ash couplet and the timing of deglaciation in the Colville Valley area, Washington. Can. J. Earth Sci. 29 (1992) 2397-2405
    • (1992) Can. J. Earth Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 2397-2405
    • Carrara, P.E.1    Trimble, D.A.2
  • 20
    • 39049144810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carroll, A.L., Taylor, S.W., Régnière, J., Safranyik, L., 2004. Effects of Climate Change on Range Expansion by the Mountain Pine Beetle in British Columbia. Mountain Pine Beetle Symposium: Challenges and Solutions. October 30-31, 2003, Kelowna, British Columbia. In: Shore, T.L., Brooks, J.E., Stone, J.E. (Eds.). Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Information Report BC-X-399, Victoria, BC, 298 p.
    • Carroll, A.L., Taylor, S.W., Régnière, J., Safranyik, L., 2004. Effects of Climate Change on Range Expansion by the Mountain Pine Beetle in British Columbia. Mountain Pine Beetle Symposium: Challenges and Solutions. October 30-31, 2003, Kelowna, British Columbia. In: Shore, T.L., Brooks, J.E., Stone, J.E. (Eds.). Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Information Report BC-X-399, Victoria, BC, 298 p.
  • 21
    • 0024225773 scopus 로고
    • Particle motion and the theory of stratigraphic charcoal analysis: source area, transportation, deposition, and sampling
    • Clark J.S. Particle motion and the theory of stratigraphic charcoal analysis: source area, transportation, deposition, and sampling. Quat. Res. 30 (1988) 81-91
    • (1988) Quat. Res. , vol.30 , pp. 81-91
    • Clark, J.S.1
  • 22
    • 51249184514 scopus 로고
    • Some risks and causes of mortality in mountain pine beetle populations: a long-term analysis
    • Cole W.E. Some risks and causes of mortality in mountain pine beetle populations: a long-term analysis. Res. Population Ecol. 23 (1981) 116-144
    • (1981) Res. Population Ecol. , vol.23 , pp. 116-144
    • Cole, W.E.1
  • 23
    • 0031853536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible effects of climate change on plant/herbivore interactions in moist tropical forests
    • Coley P.D. Possible effects of climate change on plant/herbivore interactions in moist tropical forests. Climatic Change 39 (1998) 455-472
    • (1998) Climatic Change , vol.39 , pp. 455-472
    • Coley, P.D.1
  • 24
    • 39049110702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooper, S.V., Neiman, K.E., Roberts, D.W., 1991. Forest habitat types of northern Idaho: second approximation. General Technical Report INT-236. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah.
    • Cooper, S.V., Neiman, K.E., Roberts, D.W., 1991. Forest habitat types of northern Idaho: second approximation. General Technical Report INT-236. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah.
  • 26
    • 0000508727 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation: identification of typal communities
    • Daubenmire R. Vegetation: identification of typal communities. Science 151 (1966) 291-298
    • (1966) Science , vol.151 , pp. 291-298
    • Daubenmire, R.1
  • 27
    • 0036716481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early Holocene change in atmospheric circulation in the Northern Great Plains: an upstream view of the 8.2 ka cold event
    • Dean W.E., Forester R.M., and Bradbury J.P. Early Holocene change in atmospheric circulation in the Northern Great Plains: an upstream view of the 8.2 ka cold event. Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (2002) 1763-1775
    • (2002) Quat. Sci. Rev. , vol.21 , pp. 1763-1775
    • Dean, W.E.1    Forester, R.M.2    Bradbury, J.P.3
  • 32
    • 39049095795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Furniss, R.L., Carolin, V.M., 1977. Western forest insects. USDA, Forest Service, Miscellaneous Publication No. 1339.
    • Furniss, R.L., Carolin, V.M., 1977. Western forest insects. USDA, Forest Service, Miscellaneous Publication No. 1339.
  • 33
    • 32344438114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest entomology in Yellowstone National Park, 1923-1957: A time of discovery and learning to let live
    • Furniss M.M., and Renkin R. Forest entomology in Yellowstone National Park, 1923-1957: A time of discovery and learning to let live. American Entomologist 49 4 (2003) 198-209
    • (2003) American Entomologist , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 198-209
    • Furniss, M.M.1    Renkin, R.2
  • 34
    • 0034893216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charcoal accumulation following a recent fire in the Cascade Range, northwestern USA, and its relevance for fire-history studies
    • Gardner J.J., and Whitlock C. Charcoal accumulation following a recent fire in the Cascade Range, northwestern USA, and its relevance for fire-history studies. The Holocene 5 (2001) 541-549
    • (2001) The Holocene , vol.5 , pp. 541-549
    • Gardner, J.J.1    Whitlock, C.2
  • 35
    • 39049096799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gibson, K., 2006. Mountain pine beetle conditions in whitebark pine stands in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem, 2006. USDA For. Serv. FHP Rpt. 06-03.
    • Gibson, K., 2006. Mountain pine beetle conditions in whitebark pine stands in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem, 2006. USDA For. Serv. FHP Rpt. 06-03.
  • 36
    • 0035685934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological basis for flexible voltinism in the spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
    • Hansen E.M., Bentz B.J., and Turner D.L. Physiological basis for flexible voltinism in the spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Entomol. 133 (2001) 805-817
    • (2001) Can. Entomol. , vol.133 , pp. 805-817
    • Hansen, E.M.1    Bentz, B.J.2    Turner, D.L.3
  • 37
    • 0033594877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate and habitat availability determine 20th century changes in a butterfly's range margin
    • Hill J.K., Thomas C.D., and Huntley B. Climate and habitat availability determine 20th century changes in a butterfly's range margin. Proc. R. Soc. Ser. B. Biol. 226 (1999) 1197-1206
    • (1999) Proc. R. Soc. Ser. B. Biol. , vol.226 , pp. 1197-1206
    • Hill, J.K.1    Thomas, C.D.2    Huntley, B.3
  • 40
    • 0037824175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successional dynamics: Modeling an anthropogenic threat
    • Tomback D.F., Arno S.F., and Keane R.E. (Eds), Island Press, Washington, DC
    • Keane R.E. Successional dynamics: Modeling an anthropogenic threat. In: Tomback D.F., Arno S.F., and Keane R.E. (Eds). Whitebark Pine Communities (2001), Island Press, Washington, DC 159-192
    • (2001) Whitebark Pine Communities , pp. 159-192
    • Keane, R.E.1
  • 41
    • 0001641356 scopus 로고
    • Rapid decline of whitebark pine in western Montana: evidence from 20-year measurements.
    • Keane R.E., and Arno S.F. Rapid decline of whitebark pine in western Montana: evidence from 20-year measurements. West. J. Appl. Forest. 8 (1993) 44-46
    • (1993) West. J. Appl. Forest. , vol.8 , pp. 44-46
    • Keane, R.E.1    Arno, S.F.2
  • 42
    • 39049139394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kipfmueller, K.F., 2003. Fire-climate-vegetation interactions in subalpine forests of the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area, Idaho and Montana, USA. Ph.D. Dissertation. The University of Arizona, 322 pp.
    • Kipfmueller, K.F., 2003. Fire-climate-vegetation interactions in subalpine forests of the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area, Idaho and Montana, USA. Ph.D. Dissertation. The University of Arizona, 322 pp.
  • 43
    • 39049096798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kipfmueller, K.F., Swetnam, T.W., Morgan, P., 2002. Climate and Mountain Pine Beetle-induced tree mortality in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area. USFS Final Report, Research Joint Venture Agreement RMRS-99611-RJVA.
    • Kipfmueller, K.F., Swetnam, T.W., Morgan, P., 2002. Climate and Mountain Pine Beetle-induced tree mortality in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area. USFS Final Report, Research Joint Venture Agreement RMRS-99611-RJVA.
  • 44
    • 0141426657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire and spruce beetle outbreak legacies on the disturbance regime of a subalpine forest in Colorado
    • Kulakowski D., Veblen T.T., and Bebi P. Effects of fire and spruce beetle outbreak legacies on the disturbance regime of a subalpine forest in Colorado. J. Biogeogr. 30 (2003) 1445-1456
    • (2003) J. Biogeogr. , vol.30 , pp. 1445-1456
    • Kulakowski, D.1    Veblen, T.T.2    Bebi, P.3
  • 45
    • 0025627965 scopus 로고
    • Host effects on fertility and reproductive success of Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
    • Langor D.W., Spence J.R., and Pohl G.R. Host effects on fertility and reproductive success of Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Evolution 4 (1990) 609-618
    • (1990) Evolution , vol.4 , pp. 609-618
    • Langor, D.W.1    Spence, J.R.2    Pohl, G.R.3
  • 46
    • 0033385648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model analysis of mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) seasonality
    • Logan J.A., and Bentz B.J. Model analysis of mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) seasonality. Environ. Entomol. 28 (1999) 924-934
    • (1999) Environ. Entomol. , vol.28 , pp. 924-934
    • Logan, J.A.1    Bentz, B.J.2
  • 47
    • 85048564885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghost forests, global warming, and the mountain pine beetle
    • Logan J.A., and Powell J.A. Ghost forests, global warming, and the mountain pine beetle. Am. Entomol. 47 (2001) 160-173
    • (2001) Am. Entomol. , vol.47 , pp. 160-173
    • Logan, J.A.1    Powell, J.A.2
  • 48
    • 0344895700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the impacts of global warming on forest pest dynamics
    • Logan J.A., Regniere J., and Powell J.A. Assessing the impacts of global warming on forest pest dynamics. Frontiers Ecol. 1 (2003) 130-137
    • (2003) Frontiers Ecol. , vol.1 , pp. 130-137
    • Logan, J.A.1    Regniere, J.2    Powell, J.A.3
  • 49
    • 0031694833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 9000-year fire history from the Oregon Coast Range, based on a high-resolution charcoal study
    • Long C.J., Whitlock C., Bartlein P.J., and Millspaugh S.H. A 9000-year fire history from the Oregon Coast Range, based on a high-resolution charcoal study. Can. J. Forestry 28 (1998) 774-787
    • (1998) Can. J. Forestry , vol.28 , pp. 774-787
    • Long, C.J.1    Whitlock, C.2    Bartlein, P.J.3    Millspaugh, S.H.4
  • 50
    • 33846467712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of previous mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) activity on the 1988 Yellowstone fires
    • Lynch H.J., Renkin R.A., Crabtree R.L., and Moorcroft P.R. The influence of previous mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) activity on the 1988 Yellowstone fires. Ecosystems 9 (2006) 1318-1327
    • (2006) Ecosystems , vol.9 , pp. 1318-1327
    • Lynch, H.J.1    Renkin, R.A.2    Crabtree, R.L.3    Moorcroft, P.R.4
  • 51
    • 0032560125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centures
    • Mann M.E., Bradley R.S., and Hughes M.K. Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centures. Nature 392 (1998) 779-787
    • (1998) Nature , vol.392 , pp. 779-787
    • Mann, M.E.1    Bradley, R.S.2    Hughes, M.K.3
  • 53
    • 39049091015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minckley, T.A., 2003. Holocene environmental history of the northwestern Great Basin and the analysis of modern pollen analogues in western North America. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Oregon, 310 p.
    • Minckley, T.A., 2003. Holocene environmental history of the northwestern Great Basin and the analysis of modern pollen analogues in western North America. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Oregon, 310 p.
  • 55
    • 28144463209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How widespread were climate anomalies 8200 years ago?
    • Morrill C., and Jacobsen R.M. How widespread were climate anomalies 8200 years ago?. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 (2005) 1-4
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32 , pp. 1-4
    • Morrill, C.1    Jacobsen, R.M.2
  • 56
    • 39049163462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NCDC (National Climate Data Center), http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/climatedata.html. Accessed January 2006.
    • NCDC (National Climate Data Center), http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/climatedata.html. Accessed January 2006.
  • 58
    • 0033894930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stand conditions associated with roundheaded pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) infestations in Arizona and Utah
    • Negrón J.F., Wilson J.L., and Anhold J.A. Stand conditions associated with roundheaded pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) infestations in Arizona and Utah. Environ. Entomol. 29 (2000) 20-27
    • (2000) Environ. Entomol. , vol.29 , pp. 20-27
    • Negrón, J.F.1    Wilson, J.L.2    Anhold, J.A.3
  • 59
    • 0030419388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dendroecological assessment of whitebark pine in the Sawtooth - Salmon river region, Idaho
    • Perkins D.L., and Swetnam T.W. A dendroecological assessment of whitebark pine in the Sawtooth - Salmon river region, Idaho. Can. J. For. Res. 26 (1996) 2123-2133
    • (1996) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.26 , pp. 2123-2133
    • Perkins, D.L.1    Swetnam, T.W.2
  • 60
    • 0030419388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dendroecological assessment of whitebark pine in the Sawtooth-Salmon River region, Idaho
    • Perkins D.L., and Swetnam T.W. A dendroecological assessment of whitebark pine in the Sawtooth-Salmon River region, Idaho. Can. J. Forest Res. 26 (1996) 2123-2133
    • (1996) Can. J. Forest Res. , vol.26 , pp. 2123-2133
    • Perkins, D.L.1    Swetnam, T.W.2
  • 61
    • 0037369470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene treeline dynamics in the mountains of northeastern British Columbia, Canada, inferred from fossil pollen and stomata
    • Pisaric F.J., Holt C., Szeicz J.M., Karst T., and Smol J.P. Holocene treeline dynamics in the mountains of northeastern British Columbia, Canada, inferred from fossil pollen and stomata. The Holocene 13 (2003) 161-173
    • (2003) The Holocene , vol.13 , pp. 161-173
    • Pisaric, F.J.1    Holt, C.2    Szeicz, J.M.3    Karst, T.4    Smol, J.P.5
  • 62
    • 39049133448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team, 2004. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna.
    • R Development Core Team, 2004. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna.
  • 63
    • 0002664382 scopus 로고
    • The mountain pine beetle in western North America
    • Berryman A.A. (Ed), Plenum Press
    • Raffa K.F. The mountain pine beetle in western North America. In: Berryman A.A. (Ed). Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations (1988), Plenum Press 506-525
    • (1988) Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations , pp. 506-525
    • Raffa, K.F.1
  • 64
    • 39049115151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rehfeldt, G.E., 2006. A spline climate model for western United States. A spline climate model for western United States. General Technical Report 165. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ft. Collins, Colorado.
    • Rehfeldt, G.E., 2006. A spline climate model for western United States. A spline climate model for western United States. General Technical Report 165. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ft. Collins, Colorado.
  • 65
    • 39049133449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rehfeldt, G.E., Crookston, N.L., Warwell, M.V., Evans, J.S. Empirical analyses of plant-climate relationships for western United States. Int. J. Plant Sci., in press.
    • Rehfeldt, G.E., Crookston, N.L., Warwell, M.V., Evans, J.S. Empirical analyses of plant-climate relationships for western United States. Int. J. Plant Sci., in press.
  • 66
    • 0035870446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 8.2 kyr BP event simulated by a global atmosphere-sea ice-ocean model
    • Renssen H., Goosse H., Fichefet T., and Campin J.M. The 8.2 kyr BP event simulated by a global atmosphere-sea ice-ocean model. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 (2001) 1567-1570
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 1567-1570
    • Renssen, H.1    Goosse, H.2    Fichefet, T.3    Campin, J.M.4
  • 67
    • 17844388557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centennial-scale climate cooling with a sudden cold event around 8,200 years ago
    • Rohling E.J., and Palicke H. Centennial-scale climate cooling with a sudden cold event around 8,200 years ago. Nature 434 (2005) 975-979
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 975-979
    • Rohling, E.J.1    Palicke, H.2
  • 68
    • 0022854147 scopus 로고
    • Mountain pine beetle outbreaks in the Rocky Mountains: regulators of primary productivity?
    • Romme W.H., Knight D.H., and Yavitt J.B. Mountain pine beetle outbreaks in the Rocky Mountains: regulators of primary productivity?. Am. Nat. 127 (1986) 484-494
    • (1986) Am. Nat. , vol.127 , pp. 484-494
    • Romme, W.H.1    Knight, D.H.2    Yavitt, J.B.3
  • 69
    • 39049146157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safranyik, L., 1978. Effects of climate and weather on mountain pine beetle populations. In: Kibbee, D.L., Berryman, A.A., Amman, G.D., Stark, R.W. (Eds.). Theory and practice of mountain pine beetle management in lodgepole pine forests. Symposium Proceedings, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, pp. 77-84.
    • Safranyik, L., 1978. Effects of climate and weather on mountain pine beetle populations. In: Kibbee, D.L., Berryman, A.A., Amman, G.D., Stark, R.W. (Eds.). Theory and practice of mountain pine beetle management in lodgepole pine forests. Symposium Proceedings, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, pp. 77-84.
  • 70
    • 33746352113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biology and epidemiology of the mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine forests
    • Safranyik L., and Wilson W.R. (Eds), Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia
    • Safranyik L., and Carroll A.L. The biology and epidemiology of the mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine forests. In: Safranyik L., and Wilson W.R. (Eds). The Mountain Pine Beetle-A Synthesis of Biology, Management, and Impacts in Lodgepole Pine (2006), Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia 304
    • (2006) The Mountain Pine Beetle-A Synthesis of Biology, Management, and Impacts in Lodgepole Pine , pp. 304
    • Safranyik, L.1    Carroll, A.L.2
  • 71
    • 34447526513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrupt and consistent responses of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems to the 8200 cal yr BP cold event - a lacustrine record from Lake Arapisto, Finland
    • Sarmaja-Korjonen K., and Seppä H. Abrupt and consistent responses of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems to the 8200 cal yr BP cold event - a lacustrine record from Lake Arapisto, Finland. The Holocene 17 (2007) 455-464
    • (2007) The Holocene , vol.17 , pp. 455-464
    • Sarmaja-Korjonen, K.1    Seppä, H.2
  • 72
    • 39049114160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schmid, J.M., Hinds, T.E., 1974. Development of spruce-fir stands following spruce beetle outbreaks. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Research Paper RM-131, Ogden, UT, 16 p.
    • Schmid, J.M., Hinds, T.E., 1974. Development of spruce-fir stands following spruce beetle outbreaks. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Research Paper RM-131, Ogden, UT, 16 p.
  • 73
    • 39049136515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schmid, J.M., Mata, S.A., 1996. Natural variability of specific forest insect populations and their associated effects in Colorado. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-GTR-275, Ft. Collins, CO, 14 p.
    • Schmid, J.M., Mata, S.A., 1996. Natural variability of specific forest insect populations and their associated effects in Colorado. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM-GTR-275, Ft. Collins, CO, 14 p.
  • 74
    • 39049088169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schmidt, W.C., 1988. Lodgepole pine: an ecological opportunist. In: Amman, G.D. (compiler). Proceedings, Symposium: The management of lodgepole pine to minimize the losses to the mountain pine beetle, USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, General Technical Report, INT-GTR-262, Ogden, UT, pp. 14-20.
    • Schmidt, W.C., 1988. Lodgepole pine: an ecological opportunist. In: Amman, G.D. (compiler). Proceedings, Symposium: The management of lodgepole pine to minimize the losses to the mountain pine beetle, USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, General Technical Report, INT-GTR-262, Ogden, UT, pp. 14-20.
  • 75
    • 0034772976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire history in high elevation subalpine forests in the Colorado Front Range
    • Sherriff R.L., Veblen T.T., and Sibold J.S. Fire history in high elevation subalpine forests in the Colorado Front Range. Ecoscience 8 (2001) 369-380
    • (2001) Ecoscience , vol.8 , pp. 369-380
    • Sherriff, R.L.1    Veblen, T.T.2    Sibold, J.S.3
  • 76
    • 0032421774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-precision radiocarbon age calibration for terrestrial and marine samples
    • Stuiver M., Reimer P.J., and Braziunas T.F. High-precision radiocarbon age calibration for terrestrial and marine samples. Radiocarbon 40 (1998) 1127-1151
    • (1998) Radiocarbon , vol.40 , pp. 1127-1151
    • Stuiver, M.1    Reimer, P.J.2    Braziunas, T.F.3
  • 77
    • 0027788233 scopus 로고
    • Fire history and climate change in giant sequoia groves
    • Swetnam T.W. Fire history and climate change in giant sequoia groves. Science 262 (1993) 885-889
    • (1993) Science , vol.262 , pp. 885-889
    • Swetnam, T.W.1
  • 78
    • 33846480737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest, climate and mountain pine beetle outbreak dynamics in western Canada
    • Safranyik L., and Wilson W.R. (Eds), Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC 304 (Chapter 2)
    • Taylor S.W., Carroll A.L., Alfaro R.I., and Safranyik L. Forest, climate and mountain pine beetle outbreak dynamics in western Canada. In: Safranyik L., and Wilson W.R. (Eds). The Mountain Pine Beetle: A Synthesis of Biology, Management, and Impacts on Lodgepole Pine (2006), Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC 67-94 304 (Chapter 2)
    • (2006) The Mountain Pine Beetle: A Synthesis of Biology, Management, and Impacts on Lodgepole Pine , pp. 67-94
    • Taylor, S.W.1    Carroll, A.L.2    Alfaro, R.I.3    Safranyik, L.4
  • 79
    • 0003421827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tomback D.F., Arno S.F., and Keane R.E. (Eds), Island Press, Washington, DC p. 440
    • In: Tomback D.F., Arno S.F., and Keane R.E. (Eds). Whitebark Pine Communities, Ecology and Restoration (2001), Island Press, Washington, DC p. 440
    • (2001) Whitebark Pine Communities, Ecology and Restoration
  • 80
    • 0026012673 scopus 로고
    • Methods of detecting past spruce beetle outbreaks in Rocky Mountain subalpine forests
    • Veblen T.T., Hadley K.S., Reid M.S., and Rebertus A.J. Methods of detecting past spruce beetle outbreaks in Rocky Mountain subalpine forests. Can. J. For. Res. 21 (1990) 242-254
    • (1990) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.21 , pp. 242-254
    • Veblen, T.T.1    Hadley, K.S.2    Reid, M.S.3    Rebertus, A.J.4
  • 81
    • 0028175385 scopus 로고
    • disturbance regime and disturbance interactions in a Rocky Mountain subalpine forest
    • Veblen T.T., Hadley K.S., Nel E.M., Kitzberger T., Reed M., and Villalba R. disturbance regime and disturbance interactions in a Rocky Mountain subalpine forest. J. Ecol. 82 (1994) 125-135
    • (1994) J. Ecol. , vol.82 , pp. 125-135
    • Veblen, T.T.1    Hadley, K.S.2    Nel, E.M.3    Kitzberger, T.4    Reed, M.5    Villalba, R.6
  • 82
    • 0036222461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will climate change have a different impact on different trophic levels? Phenological development of winter moth Operophtera brumata and its host plants
    • Watt A.D., and McFarlane A.M. Will climate change have a different impact on different trophic levels? Phenological development of winter moth Operophtera brumata and its host plants. Ecol. Entomol. 27 (2002) 254-256
    • (2002) Ecol. Entomol. , vol.27 , pp. 254-256
    • Watt, A.D.1    McFarlane, A.M.2
  • 83
    • 33747586378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warming and earlier spring increase western U.S. forest fire activity
    • Westerling A.L., Hidalgo H.G., Cayan D.R., and Swetnam T.W. Warming and earlier spring increase western U.S. forest fire activity. Science 313 (2006) 940-943
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 940-943
    • Westerling, A.L.1    Hidalgo, H.G.2    Cayan, D.R.3    Swetnam, T.W.4
  • 84
    • 0029667991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the assumptions of fire-history studies: an examination of modern charcoal accumulation in Yellowstone National Park, USA
    • Whitlock C., and Millspaugh S.H. Testing the assumptions of fire-history studies: an examination of modern charcoal accumulation in Yellowstone National Park, USA. The Holocene 6 (1996) 7-15
    • (1996) The Holocene , vol.6 , pp. 7-15
    • Whitlock, C.1    Millspaugh, S.H.2
  • 85
    • 0033603533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of plant-insect associations to paleocene-eocene warming
    • Wilf P., and Labandeira C.C. Response of plant-insect associations to paleocene-eocene warming. Science 25 (1999) 2153-2156
    • (1999) Science , vol.25 , pp. 2153-2156
    • Wilf, P.1    Labandeira, C.C.2
  • 86
    • 0031419298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latitudinal shifts in spruce budworm (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae) outbreaks and spruce-fir forest distributions with climate change
    • Williams D.W., and Liebhold A.M. Latitudinal shifts in spruce budworm (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae) outbreaks and spruce-fir forest distributions with climate change. Acta Phytopathol. Hun. 32 (1997) 205-215
    • (1997) Acta Phytopathol. Hun. , vol.32 , pp. 205-215
    • Williams, D.W.1    Liebhold, A.M.2
  • 88
    • 0032747046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mount Mazama eruption: Calendrical age verified and atmospheric impact assessed
    • Zdanowicz C.M., Zielinski G.A., and Germani M.S. Mount Mazama eruption: Calendrical age verified and atmospheric impact assessed. Geology 27 (1999) 621-624
    • (1999) Geology , vol.27 , pp. 621-624
    • Zdanowicz, C.M.1    Zielinski, G.A.2    Germani, M.S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.