The importance of grain or kernel number in wheat: A reply to Sinclair and Jamieson

Field Crops Research

Volumn 105, Issue 1-2, 2008, Pages 15-21

  Fischer, R A ^a  

^a CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

Grain number; Grain yield; Kernel number; Source sink; Wheat

Indexed keywords

AGRONOMY; CARBON; CROPS; CULTIVATION; NITROGEN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHYSIOLOGY;

BREEDING; GRAIN YIELD; KERNEL NUMBER;

GRAIN (AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT);

AGRONOMY; CARBON; CROP YIELD; GENETICS; NITROGEN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; WHEAT;

TRITICUM AESTIVUM;

EID: 39049151158     PISSN: 03784290     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2007.04.002     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Abbate P.E., Andrade F.H., and Culot J.P. The effects of radiation and nitrogen on number of grains in wheat. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 124 (1995) 351-360
2. Abbate P.E., Andrade F.H., Culot J.P., and Bindraban P.S. Grain yield in wheat: effects of radiation during spike growth period. Field Crops Res. 54 (1997) 245-257
3. Abbate P.E., Andrade D.H., Lazaro L., Bariffi J.H., Berdocco H.G., Inza V.H., and Martuarano F. Grain yields in recent Argentine wheat cultivars. Crop Sci. 38 (1998) 1203-1209
4. Aggarwal P.K., Fischer R.A., and Lipoon S.P. Source sink relations and effects of post-anthesis canopy defoliation in wheat at low latitudes. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge) 114 (1990) 93-99
5. Ashikari M., Sakakibara H., Lin S., Yamamoto T., Takashi T., Nishimura A., Angeles E.R., Qian Q., Kitano H., and Matsuoka M. Cytokinin oxidase regulates rice grain production. Science 309 (2005) 741-745
6. Bindraban P.S., Sayre K.D., and Solis-Moya E. Identifying factors that determine kernel number in wheat. Field Crops Res. 58 (1998) 223-234
7. Borras L., Slafer G.A., and Otegui M.E. Seed dry weight response to source-sink manipulation in wheat, maize and soybean: a quantitative reappraisal. Field Crops Res. 86 (2004) 131-146
8. Brooking I.R., and Kirby E.J.M. Interrelationships between stem and ear development in winter wheat: the effects of a Norin-10 dwarfing gene, Gai/Rht2. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge) 97 (1981) 373-381
9. Calderini D.F., and Reynolds M.P. Changes in grain weight as a consequence of de-graining treatments at pre- and post-anthesis in synthetic hexaploid lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum x T. tauschii). Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 27 (2000) 183-191
10. Cassman K.G., Bryant D.C., Fulton A.E., and Jackson L.F. Nitrogen supply effects on partitioning of dry matter and nitrogen to grain in irrigated wheat. Crop Sci. 32 (1992) 1251-1258
11. Condon, A.G., Reynolds, M.P., Rebetzke, G.J., van Ginkel, M., Richards, R., Farquhar, G., in press. Using stomatal aperture-related traits to select for high yield potential in bread wheat. In: Buck, H.T., Nisi, J.E., Salomón, N. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Wheat Conference on Wheat Production in Stressed Environments, November 27-December 2, 2005, Mar del Plata, Argentina. Series: Developments in Plant Breeding, Vol. 12.
12. Demontes-Meynard S., and Jeuffroy M.-H. Effect of nitrogen and radiation on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation before anthesis in the spike of winter wheat. Field Crops. Res. 87 (2004) 221-233
13. Demontes-Meynard S., Jeuffroy M.-H., and Robin S. Spike dry matter and nitrogen accumulation before anthesis as affected by nitrogen fertilizer: relationship to kernels per spike. Field Crops. Res. 64 (1999) 249-259
14. Donald C.M. Competition among crop and pasture plants. Adv. Agron. 15 (1963) 1-118
15. Duggan B.L., and Fowler D.B. Yield structure and kernel potential of winter wheat on the Canadian prairies. Crop Sci. 46 (2006) 1479-1487
16. Evans L.T. The influence of irradiance before and after anthesis on grain yield and its components in microcrops of wheat grown in a constant daylength and temperature regime. Field Crops Res. 1 (1978) 5-19
17. Evans L.T. Crop Evolution, Adaptation and Yield (1993), University Press, Cambridge
18. Evans L.T., Bingham J., and Roskams M.A. The pattern of grain set within ears of wheat. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 25 (1972) 1-8
19. Fischer R.A. Yield potential of a dwarf spring wheat and the effect of shading. Crop Sci. 15 (1975) 607-613
20. Fischer R.A. Growth and yield of wheat. In: Smith W.H., and Bante S.J. (Eds). Potential Productivity of Field Crops Under Different Environments (1984), International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines 129-154
21. Fischer R.A. Number of kernels in wheat crops and the influence of solar radiation and temperature. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge) 105 (1985) 447-461
22. Fischer R.A. Irrigated spring wheat and timing and amount of nitrogen fertilizer. II. Physiology of grain yield response. Field Crops Res. 33 (1993) 57-80
23. Fischer R.A. Selection traits for improving yield potential. In: Reynolds M.P., Ortiz-Monasterio J.I., and McNab A. (Eds). Application of Physiology in Wheat Breeding (2001), CIMMYT, Mexico, DF 148-159
24. Fischer R.A. Understanding the physiological basis of yield potential in wheat. J. Agric. Sci. 145 (2007) 99-113
25. Fischer R.A., and HilleRisLambers D. Effect of environment and cultivar on source limitation to grain weight in wheat. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 29 (1978) 433-458
26. Fischer R.A., and Stockman Y.M. Kernel number per spike in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): responses to preanthesis shading. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 7 (1980) 169-180
27. Fischer R.A., and Stockman Y.M. Increased kernel number in Norin-10 derived dwarf wheat: evaluation of the cause. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 13 (1986) 767-784
28. Fischer R.A., Aguilar I., and Laing D.R. Postanthesis sink size in a high yielding dwarf wheat: yield response to grain number. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 28 (1977) 165-175
29. Fischer R.A., Howe G.N., and Ibrahim Z. Irrigated spring wheat and timing and amount of nitrogen fertilizer. I. Grain yield and protein content. Field Crops Res. 33 (1993) 37-56
30. Fischer R.A., Bidinger F., Syme J.R., and Wall P.C. Leaf photosynthesis, leaf permeability, crop growth, and yield of short spring wheat genotypes under irrigation. Crop Sci. 21 (1981) 367-373
31. Fischer R.A., Rees D., Sayre K.D., Lu Z., Condon A.G., and Larque Saavedra A. Wheat yield progress is associated with higher stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, and cooler canopies. Crop Sci. 38 (1998) 1467-1475
32. Gomez-McPherson H., and Richards R.A. Effect of sowing time on yield and agronomic characteristics of wheat in south-eastern Australia. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 46 (1995) 1381-1399
33. Gonzalez F.G., Slafer G.A., and Miralles D.J. Photoperiod during stem elongation in wheat: is its impact on fertile floret number and grain number determination similar to that of radiation?. Functional Plant Biol. 32 (2005) 181-188
34. King R.W., Wardlaw I.F., and Evans L.T. Effect of assimilate utilization on photosynthesis rate in wheat. Planta 77 (1967) 261-276
35. Luque S.F., Cirilo A.G., and Otegui M.E. Genetic gains in grain yield and related physiological attributes in Argentine maize hybrids. Field Crops Res. 95 (2006) 383-397
36. Mirralles D.J., Richards R.A., and Slafer G.A. Duration of the stem elongation period influences the number of fertile florets in wheat and barley. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 27 (2000) 931-940
37. Prystupa P., Savin R., and Slafer G.A. Grain number and its relationship with dry matter, N and P in the spikes at heading in response to N × P fertilization in barley. Field Crops Res. 90 (2004) 245-254
38. Rawson H.M., and Evans L.T. The pattern of grain growth within the ear of wheat. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 23 (1970) 753-764
39. Rawson H.M., Gifford R.M., and Bremner P.M. Carbon dioxide exchange in relation to sink demand in wheat. Planta 132 (1976) 19-23
40. Reynolds M.P., Pellegrineschi A., and Skovmand B. Sink-limitation to yield and biomass: a summary of some investigations in spring wheat. Ann. Appl. Biol. 146 (2005) 39-49
41. Sayre K.D., Rajaram S., and Fischer R.A. Yield potential progress in short bread wheats in northwest Mexico. Crop Sci. 37 (1997) 36-42
42. Shearman V.J., Sylvester-Bradley R., Scott R.K., and Foulkes M.J. Physiological processes associated with wheat yield progress in the UK. Crop Sci. 45 (2005) 175-185
43. Sibony M., and Pinthus M.J. Floret initiation and development in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Ann. Bot. 61 (1988) 473-479
44. Siddique K.H.M., Kirby E.J.M., and Perry M.W. Ear:stem ratio in old and modern wheat varieties; relationship with improvement in number of grains per ear and yield. Field Crops Res. 21 (1989) 59-78
45. Sinclair T.R., and Amir J. A model to assess nitrogen limitations on the growth and yield of spring wheat. Field Crops Res. 30 (1992) 63-78
46. Sinclair T.R., and Jamieson P.D. Grain number, wheat yield, and bottling beer: An analysis. Field Crops Res. 98 (2006) 60-67
47. Sinclair T.R., Purcell L.C., and Sneller C.H. Crop transformation and the challenge to increase yield potential. Trends Plant Sci. 9 (2004) 70-75
48. Slafer G.A., Abeledo L.G., Miralles D.J., Gonzalez F.G., and Whitechurch E.M. Photoperiod senstitvity during stem elongation as an avenue to raise potential yield in wheat. Euphytica 119 (2001) 191-197
49. Slafer G.A., Araus J.L., Royo C., and Garcia del Moral L.F. Promising eco-physiological traits for genetic improvement of cereal yields in Mediterranean environments. Ann. Appl. Biol. 146 (2005) 61-70
50. Tollenaar M., and Lee E.A. Dissection of physiological processes underlying grain yield in maize by examining genetic improvement and heterosis. Maydica 51 (2006) 399-408
51. Toyota M., Tsutsui I., Kusutani A., and Asanuma K.-I. Initiation and development of florets in wheat as influenced by shading and nitrogen supply at the spikelet stage. Plant Prod. Sci. 4 (2001) 283-290
52. Van Herwaarden A.F., and Richards R.A. Water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation in stems is related to breeding progress in Australia wheats. Poster in Proceedings of 12th Australian Plant Breeding Congress. Perth, September 2002 (2002) 878-882
53. Wall, P.C., 1979. An analysis of factors limiting grain numbers and yield of spring wheat in a low-latitude environment. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Reading, August.
54. Willey R.W., and Holliday R. Plant population, shading and thinning studies in wheat. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge) 77 (1971) 453-461
55. Whingwiri E.E., and Stern W.R. Floret survival in wheat: significance of the time of floret initiation relative to terminal spikelet formation. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge) 98 (1982) 257-268
56. Youseffian S., Kirby E.J.M., and Gale M.D. Pleitropic effects of the GA-insensitive Rht dwarfing genes in wheat. 2. Effects on leaf, stem, ear and floret growth. Field Crops Res. 28 (1992) 191-210