Accounting for the sedative and analgesic effects of medication changes during patient participation in clinical research studies: Measurement development and application to a sample of institutionalized geriatric patients

Contemporary Clinical Trials

Volumn 29, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 140-148

  Sloane, Philip ^a,b   Ivey, Jena ^a   Roth, Mary ^a   Roederer, Mary ^a,b   Williams, Christianna S ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c IL   (United States)

Author keywords

Analgesic; Coding; Long term care; Medication; Sedative

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; AMFEBUTAMONE; ARIPIPRAZOLE; BENZATROPINE; CELECOXIB; CITALOPRAM; CLONAZEPAM; CLONIDINE; DEXTROPROPOXYPHENE; DILTIAZEM; GABAPENTIN; HYDROCODONE; IBUPROFEN; INDOMETACIN; METHADONE; METOCLOPRAMIDE; MIRTAZAPINE; MORPHINE; NABUMETONE; PARACETAMOL; PAROXETINE; PRAZOSIN; QUETIAPINE; ROFECOXIB; SALSALATE; TOPIRAMATE; TRAMADOL; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALDECOXIB; VENLAFAXINE;

ACCOUNTING; AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANALGESIA; ARTICLE; CLINICAL RESEARCH; CLINICAL TRIAL; DEVELOPMENT; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; GERIATRICS; HUMAN; INSTITUTIONALIZATION; LONG TERM CARE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PAIN; SEDATION;

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANALGESICS; CLINICAL PROTOCOLS; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; HUMANS; HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES; INSTITUTIONALIZATION; LONG-TERM CARE; MODELS, THEORETICAL; RESEARCH DESIGN;

EID: 39049108193     PISSN: 15517144     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2007.06.004     Document Type: Article

References (14)

1. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Accessed online at prevention.samhsa.gov/media/csap/spfsig/spf_sig_NIDA_intro.ppt. Retrieved April 11, 2006.
2. Ronning M., Blix H.S., Harbo B.T., and Strom H. Different versions of the anatomical therapeutic chemical classification system and the defined daily dose - are drug utilization data comparable?. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 56 (2000) 723-727
3. Linjakumpu T., Hartikainen S., Klaukka T., et al. A model to classify the sedative load of drugs. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 18 (2003) 542-544
4. Gabriel S.E. Cancer pain relief: with a guide to opioid availability. 2nd ed. (1996), World Health Organization, Geneva
5. WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics and Methodology. Guidelines for ATC classification and DDD assignment (1995), World Health Organization, Oslo
6. American Pain Society. Principles of analgesic use in the treatment of acute pain and cancer pain. 5th edition (2003)
7. DiPiro J.T. Pharmacotherapy: a pathophysiologic approach. 6th Edition (2005), Appleton & Lange, Stamford, Conn. 1014-1026
8. www.efactsweb.com (accessed 12-20-2004).
9. Sloane P.D., Noell-Waggoner E., Hickman S., et al. Implementing a lighting intervention in public areas of long-term care facilities: lessons learned. Alzheimer's Care Q 6 (2005) 280-293
10. Hartmaier S., Sloane P.D., Guess H., and Koch G. The MDS Cognition Scale (MDS-COGS): a method of identifying and staging cognitive impairment using the Minimum Data Set. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 42 (1994) 1173-1179
11. Werner P., Cohen-Mansfield J., Koroknay V., and Braun J. The impact of a restraint-reduction program on nursing home residents. Geriatr Nurs 15 3 (1994) 142-146
12. Sloane P.D., Mitchell C.M., Phillips C., Burker E., Commander C., and Long K. Environmental correlates of resident agitation in Alzheimer's disease special care units. J Am Geriatr Soc 46 (1998) 862-869
13. Woodruff R.S. A simple method for approximating the variance of a complicated estimate. J Am Stat Assoc 66 334 (1971) 411-414
14. McCulloch C.E., and Searle S.R. Generalized, linear and mixed models (2001), John Wiley & Sons, New York