Mafic and felsic magma interaction in granites: The Hercynian Karkonosze pluton (Sudetes, Bohemian Massif)

Journal of Petrology

Volumn 49, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 353-391

  Slaby E ^a   Martin, H ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW   (Poland)

^b UNIVERSITÉ BLAISE PASCAL   (France)

Author keywords

Bohemian Massif; Fractional crystallization; Geochemical modelling; Hybridization; Karkonosze

Indexed keywords

DIKE; DIORITE; EMPLACEMENT; FELSIC ROCK; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; GRANITE; HERCYNIAN OROGENY; LAMPROPHYRE; LITHOLOGY; MAFIC ROCK; MAGMA; MANTLE SOURCE; MIXING; PLUTON; TRACE ELEMENT;

BOHEMIAN MASSIF; CENTRAL EUROPE; EURASIA; EUROPE; KARKONOSZE MOUNTAINS; SUDETES;

EID: 39049092361     PISSN: 00223530     EISSN: 14602415     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/petrology/egm085     Document Type: Article

References (126)

1. 16O evidence for non-cogenetic magmas associated in a 300 Ma old concentric pluton at Ploumanac'h (Brittany, France). Journal of the Geological Society, London 137,641-647.
2. Aleksandrowski, P. & Mazur, S. (2002). Collage tectonics in the north-easternmos part of the Variscan Belt; the Sudetes, Bohemian Massif. In: Winchester, J. A., Pharaoh, T C. & Verniers, J. (eds) Palaeozoic Amalgamation of Central Europe. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 201, 237-277.
3. 2 on the Al-in-hornblende barometer. American Mineralogist 80, 549-559.
4. Annen, C., Scaillet, B. & Sparks, R. S. J. (2006). Thermal constraints on the emplacement rate of a large intrusive complex: The Manaslu leucogranite, Nepal Himalaya. Journal of Petrology 47, 71-95.
5. Awdankiewicz, M., Awdankiewicz, H. & Kryza, R. (2005a). Petrology of mafic and felsic dykes from the eastern part of the Karkonosze massif. Polish Mineralogical Society, Special Papers 26, 111-114.
6. Awdankiewicz, M., Awdankiewicz, H. & Kryza, R. (2005b). The rich-terite minette from Bukowiec (Karkonosze-Izera block): Petrological characteristics. Polish Mineralogical Society, Special Papers 26, 115-118.
7. Bacon, C. R. & Druitt, T H. (1988). Compositional evolution of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 98, 224-256.
8. Barbarin, B. (1983). Les granites carbonifères do Forez septentrional (Massif Central frañais). Typologie et relations entre différents massifs. Thesis, Univ. Clermont-Ferrand II, pp. 177.
9. Barbarin, B. (1999). A review of the relatioships between granitoid types, their origins and their geodynamic environments. Lithos 46, 605-626.
10. Barbarin, B. (2005). Mafic magmatic enclaves and mafic rocks associated with some granitoids of the central Sierra Nevada batholith, California: nature, origin, and relations with the hosts. Lithos 80, 155-177.
11. Barker, F. (1979). Trondhjemites: Definition, environment and hypothesis of origin. In: Barker, F. (ed.) Trondhjemites, Dacites and Related Rocks. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 1-12.
12. Barnes, C. G., Burton, B. R., Burling, T. C., Wright, J. E. & Karlsson, H. R. (2001). Petrology and geochemistry of the Late Eocene Harrison Pass Pluton, Ruby Mountains Core Complex, northeastern Nevada. Journal of Petrology 42, 901-929.
13. Barrière, M. (1977). Le complexe de Ploumanac'h, massif armoricain, Essai sur la mise en place et l'évolution pétrologique d'une association plutonique subalcaline tardi-orogénique. Thesis, Univ. Brest, pp. 290.
14. Barrière, M. (1981). On curved laminae, graded layers, convection currents and dynamic crystal sorting in the Ploumanac'h (Brittany) subalkaline granite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 77, 214-224.
15. Bateman, R. (1995). The interplay between crystallization, replenishment and hybridization in large felsic magma chambers. Earth-Science Reviews 39, 91-106.
16. Bea, F., Pereira, M. D. & Stroh, A. (1994). Mineral/leucosome trace-element partitioning in a peraluminous migmatite (a laser ablation-ICP-MS study). Chemical Geology 117, 291-312.
17. Bea, F., Montero, P. & Molina, J. (1999). Mafic precursors, peraluminous granitoids, and late lamprophyres in the Avila batholith: A model for the generation of Variscan batholiths in Iberia. Journal of Geology 107, 399-419.
18. Berg, G. (1923). Der Granit des Riesengebirges und seine Ganggesteine (petrographische Studien). Abhandlungen der Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt 94.
19. Blundy, J. & Cashman, K. (2001). Ascent-driven crystallisation of dacite magmas at Mount St Helens, 1980-1986. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 140, 631-650.
20. Bonin, B. (2004). Do coeval mafic and felsic magmas in post-collisional to within-plate regimes necessarily imply two contrasting, mantle and crustal, sources? A review. Lithos 78, 1-24.
21. Bonin, B. (2007). A-type granites and related rocks: Evolution of a concept, problems and prospects. Lithos 97, 1-29.
22. Borkowska, M. (1966). Petrography of Karkonosze granite. Geologia Sudetica 2, 7-119.
23. Bouchet, G. (1992). Mélanges magmatiques et genèse des granitoides calco-alcalins: L'exemple do complexe tonalo-granodioritique de Bono (Sardaigne septentrionale). Etude pétrologique et géochimique. Thesis, Univ. Saint-Etienne, pp. 310.
24. Brenan, J. M., Neroda, E., Lundstrom, C., Shaw, H. F., Ryerson, F. J. & Phinney, D. L. (1998). Behaviour of boron, beryllium, and lithium during melting and crystallization: Constraints from mineral-melt partitioning experiments. Geochicnica et Cosmochimica Acta 62, 2129-2141.
25. Bussy, F. (1987). Interactions physico-chimiques entre le granite du Mont-Blanc et ses enclaves. Schweizeriche Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 67, 380-384.
26. Bussy, F. (1990). Pétrogenèse des enclaves microgrenues associées aux granitoides calco-alcalins: Exemple des massifs varisques do Mont Blanc (Alpes occidentales) et miocène du Monte Capanne (Ile d'Elbe, Italic). Memoires de Geologie (Lausanne) 7 pp. 309.
27. Castro, A., Moreno-Ventas, I. & De la Rosa, J. D. (1990). Microgranular enclaves as indicators of hybridisation processes in granitoid rocks, Hercynian belt, Spain. Geological Journal 25, 391-404.
28. Cloos, H. (1925). Einführung in die tektonische Behandlung magmatischer Erscheinungen (Granittektonik). I Spezial Teil. Das Riesengebirge in Schlesien. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin.
29. Cox, R. A., Dempster, T. J., Bell, B. R. & Rogers, G. (1996). Crystallization of the Shap granite: Evidence from zoned K-feldspar megacrysts. Journal of the Geological Society, London 153, 625-635.
30. Cwojdziñski, Z., Cymerman, Z., Jerzmañski, J., Królikowski, L. & Sawicki, L. (1991). Geologiczna interpretacja wynikow zastosowania metody strippingu dla poznania budowy wglebnej obszaru dolnoslaskiego Wrocław: Polish Geological Institute.
31. Dallmeyer, R. D., Franke, W. & Weber, K. E. B. (1995). Pre-Permian Geology of Central and Eastern Europe. Springer: Berlin.
32. Davidson, J. P., Tepley, F. J., Palacz, Z. & Main, S. (2001). Magma recharge, contamination and residence time revealed by in situ laser ablation isotopic analysis of feldspar in volcanic rocks. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 182, 427-442.
33. Didier, J. (1973). Granites and their Enclaves. The Bearing of Enclave on the Origin of Granites. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
34. Didier, J. & Barbarin, B. (1991). Enclaves and Granite Petrology. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
35. Diot, H., Masur, S. & Pin, C. (1995). Karkonosze batholith (NE Bohemian Massif): The evidence for pluton emplacement during transtensional-extensional collapse. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 40, 62.
36. 3+ concentrations in ferromagnesian silicates and oxides using stoichiometric criteria. Mineralogical Magazine 51, 431-435.
37. Duthou, J. L., Couturié, J. P., Mierzejewski, M. P. & Pin, C. (1991). Rb/Sr age of the Karkonosze granite on the base of the whole rock method. Przeglad Geologiczny 2, 75-79.
38. Elburg, M. A. (1996). Evidence of isotopic equilibration between microgranitoid enclaves and host granodiorite, Warburton Granodiorite, Lachlan Fold Belt, Australia. Lithos 38, 1-22.
39. Ewart, A. & Griffin, W. L. (1994). Application of proton-microprobe data to trace-element partitioning in volcanic rocks. Chemical Geology 117, 251-284.
40. Finger, F. & Steyrer, H. P. (1990). I-type granitoids as indicators of a late Paleozoic convergent ocean continent margin along the southern flank of the central European Variscan Orogen. Geology 18, 1207-1210.
41. Finger, F., Roberts, M. P., Haunschmid, B., Schermaier, A. & Steyrer, H. P. (1997). Variscan granitoids of Central Europe; their typology, potential sources and tectonothermal relations. Mineralogy and Petrology 61, 67-96.
42. Förster, H. J., Tischendorf, G., Trumbull, R. B. & Gottesmann, B. (1999). Late collisional granites in the Variscan Erzgebirge, Germany. Journal of Petrology 40, 1613-1645.
43. Fourcade, S. & Allègre, C. J. (1981). Trace element behavior in granite genesis: A case study. The calc-alkaline plutonic association from Querigut complex (Pyrénées, France). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 76, 177-195.
44. Fourcade, S., Martin, H. & de Bremond d'Ars, J. (1992). Chemical exchange in migmatites during cooling. Lithos 128, 43-53.
45. Franke, W. (2000). The mid-European segment of the Variscides: tectonostratigraphic units, terrane boundaries and plate tectonic evolution. In: Franke, W., Haak, V., Oncken, O. & Tanner, D. (eds) Orogenic Processes: Quantification and Modelling in the Variscan Belt. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 179, 35-61.
46. Franke, W., Matte, P. & Tait, J. (2005). Europe; Variscan Orogeny. In: Encyclopedia of Geology; Volume 2. Elsevier: Oxford, pp. 75-86.
47. Frost, T. P. & Mahood, G. A. (1987). Field, chemical, and physical constraints on mafic-felsic magma interaction in the Lamarck Granodiorite, Sierra Nevada, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 99, 272-291.
48. Furman, T. & Spera, T. (1985). Co-mingling of acid and basic magma with implications for the origin of mafic I-type xenoliths, field and petrochemical relations of an unusual dike complex at Eagle Peak Lake, Sequoia National Park, California, U.S.A. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 24, 151-178.
49. Halla, J. (2005). Late Archean high-Mg granitoids (sanukitoids) in the southern Karelian domain, eastern Finland: Pb and Nd isotopic constraints on crust-mantle interactions. Lithos 79, 161-178.
50. Hallot, E., Auvray, B., de Bremond d'Ars, J., Davy, P. & Martin, H. (1994). New injection experiments in non-Newtonian fluids. Terra Nova 6, 274-281.
51. Hallot, E., Davy, P., de Bremond d'Ars, J., Auvray, B., Martin, H. & van Damme, H. (1996). Non-Newtonian effects during injection in partially crystallised magmas. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 71, 31-44.
52. Hammastrom, J. M. & Zen, E. (1986). Aluminium in hornblende: An empirical igneous geobarometer. American Mineralogist 71, 1297-1313.
53. Hanson, G. N. (1980). Rare earth elements in petrogenetic studies of igneous systems. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 8, 371-406.
54. Hollister, L. S., Grissom, G. C., Peters, E. K., Stowell, H. H. & Sisson, V. B. (1987). Confirmation of the empirical correlation of Al in hornblende with pressure of solidification of calc-alkaline plutons. American Mineralogist 72, 231-239.
55. Hoskin, P., Kinny, P., Wyborn, D. & Chappell, B. (2000). Identifying accessory mineral saturation during differentiation in granitoid magmas: an integrated approach. Journal of Petrology 41, 1365-1396.
56. Icenhower, J. P. & London, D. (1996). Experimental partitioning of Rb, Cs, Sr, and Ba between alkali feldspar and peraluminous melt. American Mineralogist 81, 719-734.
57. Irvine, T. N. & Baragar, W. R. A. (1971). A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 8, 523-548.
58. Janoušek, V., Bowes, D. R., Braithwaite, C. J. R. & Rogers, G. (2000). Microstructural and mineralogical evidence for limited involvement of magma mixing in the petrogenesis of Hercynian high-K calc-alkaline intrusion; the Kozarovice Granodiorite, Central Bohemian Pluton, Czech Republic. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences 91, 15-26.
59. Janoušek, V., Braithwaite, C. J. R., Bowes, D. R. & Gerdes, A. (2004). Magma-mixing in the genesis of Hercynian calc-alkaline granitoids: An integrated petrographic and geochemical study of the Sazava intrusion, Central Bohemian Pluton, Czech Republic. Lithos 78, 67-99.
60. Jayananda, M., Martin, H., Peucat, J.-J. & Mahabaleswar, B. (1995). Late Archaean crust-mantle interactions in the Closepet granite, Southern India: Evidence from Sr-Nd isotopes, major and trace element geochemistry. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 119, 314-329.
61. Jayananda, M., Moyen, J.-F., Martin, H., Peucat, J.-J., Auvray, B. & Mahabaleswar, B. (2000). Late Archaean (2550-2520 Ma) juvenile magmatism in the Eastern Dharwar craton, southern India: Constraints from geochronology, Nd-Sr isotopes and whole rock geochemistry. Precambrian Research 99, 225-254.
62. Johnson, M. C. & Rutherford, M. (1989). Experimental calibration of the aluminium-in-hornblende geobarometer with application to Long Valley caldera (California) volcanic rocks. Geology 17, 837-841.
63. Kerim, K. (2006). Hybridization of mafic microgranular enclaves: Mineral and whole-rock chemistry evidence from the Karamadazi Granitoid, Central Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences 95, 587-607.
64. Klominsky, J. (1969). Krkonossko-jizersky granitoid massif. Sbornik Geologickich Ved, Geologic 15, 7-132.
65. Kroner, A., Hegner, E., Hammer, J., Haase, G., Bielicki, K. H., Krauss, M. & Eidam, J. (1994). Geochronology and Nd-Sr systematics of Lusatian granitoids - significance for the evolution of the Variscan orogen in East-Central Europe. Geologische Rundschau 83, 357-376.
66. Kryza, G., Kusnierz, A. & Majerowicz, A. (1979). Cyrkony z granitoidow Karkonoszy oraz wschodmej czesci krystaliniku izerskiego. Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis, Prace Geologiczno Mineralogiczn 7 107-150.
67. Kuno, H. (1966). Lateral variation of basalt magma types across continental margins and island arcs. Bulletin of Volcanology 29 195-222.
68. Lameyre, J., Autran, A., Barrière, M., Bonin, B., Didier, J., Fluck, P., Fourcade, S., Giraud, P., Jonin, M., Orsini, J.-B. & Vivier, G. (1980). Les granitoides de France. In: Autran, A. & Dercourt, J. (eds) Evolutions geologiques de la France. Mémoires du BRGM 107 51-97.
69. Leake, B. E., Woolley, A. R., Arps, C. E. S. et al. (1997). Nomenclature of amphiboles: Report of the subcommittee on amphiboles of the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. Mineralogical Magazine 61, 295-321.
70. Lobach-Zhuchenko, S. B., Rollinson, H. R., Chekulaev, V. P., Arestova, N. A., Kovalenko, A. V., Ivanikov, V. V., Guseva, N. S., Sergeev, S. A., Matukov, D. I. & Jarvis, K. E. (2005). The Archaean sanukitoid series of the Baltic Shield: Geological setting, geochemical characteristics and implications for their origin. Lithos 79, 107-128.
71. Mahood, G. A. & Hildreth, E. W. (1983). Large partition coefficients for trace elements in high-silica rhyolites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 47, 11-30.
72. 39Ar ages from the West Sudetes (NE Bohemian Massif): Constraints on the Variscan polyphase tectonothermal development. In: Winchester, J. A., Pharaoh, T. & Verniers, J. (eds) Palaezoic Amalgamation of Central Europe. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 201, 133-155.
73. Masuda, A., Nakamura, N. & Tanaka, T. (1973). Fine structures of mutually normalized rare-earth patterns of chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 37, 239-244.
74. Matte, P. (1986). Tectonics and plate tectonics model for the Variscan Belt of Europe. Tectonophysics, 126, 329-374.
75. Matte, P. (1998). Continental subduction and exhumation of HP rocks in Paleozoic belts; Uralides and Variscides In: Linnemann, U., Heuse, T., Bankwitz, P. & Falka, O. (eds.) GFF, 120, 209-222.
76. Matte, P., Maluski, H., Rajlich, P. & Franke, W. (1990). Terrane boundaries in the Bohemian Massif; result of large-scale Variscan shearing. Tectonophysics, 177, 151-170.
77. Mazur, S. (1995). Structural and metamorphic evolution of the country rocks at the eastern contact of the Karkonosze granite in the southern Rudawy Janowickie Mts and Lasocki Ridge. Geologia Sudetica 29 31-98.
78. Mazur, S. & Aleksandrowski, P. (2001). The Tepla(?)/Saxothuringian suture in the Karkonosze-Izera Massif, western Sudetes, Central European Variscides. International Journal of Earth Sciences 90, 341-360.
79. Mierzejewski, M. P. & Oberc, D. T. (1990). The Izcra-Karkonosze Block and its tectonic development (Sudetes, Poland). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 179, 197-222.
80. Mierzejewski, M. P., Pin, C., Duthou, J. L. & Couturié, J. P. (1994). Sr-Nd isotopic study of the Karkonosze granite (Western Sudetes). In: Kryza, R. (ed.) Igneous Activiy and Metamorphic Evolution of the Sudetes Area. Wroclaw: Universytet Wroclawski, 82(1).
81. Moyen, J.-F., Martin, H. & Jayananda, M. (2001). Multi-element geochemical modelling of crust-mantle interactions during late-Archaean crustal growth: The Closepet granite (South India). Precambrian Research 112, 87-105.
82. Moyen, J.-F., Jayananda, M., Nédelec, A., Martin, H., Mahabaleswar, B. & Auvray, B. (2003a). From the roots to the roof of a granite: the Closepet granite of South India. Journal of the Geological Society of India 62, 753-758.
83. Moyen, J.-F., Martin, H., Jayananda, M. & Auvray, B. (2003b). Late Archaean granites: A typology based on the Dharwar Craton (India). Precambrian Research 127, 103-123.
84. Nash, W. P. & Crecraft, H. R. (1985). Partition coefficients for trace elements in silicic magmas. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 49 2309-2322.
85. O'Connor, J. T. (1965). A classification for quartz-rich igneous rocks based on feldspar ratios. US Geological Survey, Professional Papers 525-B, 79-84.
86. Pagel, M. & Leterrier, J. (1980). The subalkaline potassic magmatism ot the Ballons massif (Southern Vosges, France). Shoshonitic affinity. Lithos 13, 1-10.
87. Pearce, J. A. & Norry, M. J. (1979). Petrogenetic implications of Ti, Zr, Y and Nb variations in the volcanic rocks. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 69, 33-47.
88. Perini, G., Tepley, F. J., III, Davidson, J. P. & Conticelli, S. (2003). The origin of K-feldspar megacrysts hosted in alkaline potassic rocks from central Italy: A track for low-pressure processes in mafic magmas. Lithos 66, 223-240.
89. Perugini, D., Poli, G. & Mazzuoli, R. (2003). Chaotic advection, fractals and diffusion during mixing of magmas: Evidence from lava flows. Volcanology and Geothermal Research 124, 255-279.
90. 86 Sr in this granite. Przeglad Geologiczny 35, 512-516.
91. Przywóski, Ł. (2006). Chemical and CL study on apatite as an indicator of Karkonosze granite petrogenesis. MSc thesis, University of Warsaw.
92. Rayleigh, J. (1896). Theoretical considerations respecting the separation of gases by diffusion and similar processes. Philosophical Magazine 42, 77-107.
93. Rickwood, P. C. (1989). Boundary lines within petrologic diagrams which use oxides of major and minor elements. Lithos 22, 247-263.
94. Robert, C. P. & Casella, G. (2004). Monte Carlo Statistical Methods Springer: New York.
95. Samsonov, A. V., Bogina, M. M., Bibikova, E. V, Petrova, A. Y. & Shchipansky, A. A. (2005). The relationship between adakitic, calc-alkaline volcanic rocks and TTGs: Implications for the tectonic setting of the Karelian greenstone belts, Baltic Shield. Lithos 79, 83-106.
96. Schmidt, M. W. (1992). Amphibole composition in tonalite as a function of pressure: An experimental calibration of the Al in hornblende barometer. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 110, 304-310.
97. Shabani, A. A. T., Lalonde, A. E. & Whalen, J. B. (2003). Composition of biotite from granitic rocks of the Canadian Appalachian orogen: A potential tectonomagmatic indicator? Canadian Mineralogist 41 1381-1396.
98. Shand, S. J. (1943). Eruptive Rocks. Their Genesis, Composition, Classification and their Relations to Ore-deposits. Hafner Publishing Co.: New York.
99. Shirey, S. B. & Hanson, G. N. (1984). Mantle derived Archaean monzodiorites and trachyandesites. Nature 310, 222-224.
100. Słaby, E. & Galbarczyk-Gasiorowska, L. (2002). Barium in alkali feldspar megacrysts from Szklarska Poreba Huta porphyritic granite: possibly indicator of magma mixing. Mineralogical Sociey of Poland, Special Papers 20, 198-200.
101. Słaby, E. & Götze, J. (2004). Feldspar crystallization under magmamixing conditions shown by cathodoluminescence and geochemical modelling a case study from the Karkonosze pluton (SW Poland). Mineralogical Magazine 68, 541-557.
102. Słaby, E. & Martin, H. (2005). Mechanisms of differentiation of the Karkonosze granite. Polish Mineralogical Sociey, Special Papers 26, 264-267.
103. Słaby, E., Galbarczyk-Gasiorowska, L., Seltmann, R. & Müller, A. (2007a). Alkali feldspar megacryst growth: Geochemical modelling. Mineralogy and Petrology 89, 1-29.
104. Słaby, E., Seltmann, R., Kober, B., Müller, A., Galbarczyk-Gasiorowska, L. & Jeffries, T. (2007b). LREE distribution patterns in zoned alkali feldspar megacrysts - implication for parental melt composition. Mineralogical Magazine 71, 193-217.
105. Solgadi, F., Vanderhaeghe, O., Moyen, J.-F, Sawyer, E. & Reisberg, L. (2007). Generation of synorogenic Hercynian granites in the Livradois area, French Massif Central: The relative roles of crustal anatexis and mantle derived magmas. Canadian Mineralogist 45, 581-606.
106. Sparks, R. S. J. & Marshall, L. A. (1986). Thermal and mechanical constraints on mixing between mafic and silicic magmas. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 29, 99-124.
107. Stern, R. A. & Hanson, G. N. (1991). Archaean high-Mg granodiorite: A derivative of light rare earth enriched monzodiorite of mantle origin. Journal of Petrology 32, 201-238.
108. Störmer, J. C. & Nicholls, J. (1978). XLFRAC: A program for interactive testing of magmatic differentiation models. Computers and Geosciences 87, 51-64.
109. Streck, M. J. & Grunder, A. L. (1997). Compositional gradients and gaps in high-silica rhyolites of the Rattlesnake Tuff, Oregon. Journal of Petrology 38, 133-163.
110. Sun, S. S. & McDonough, W. F. (1989). Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes. In: Saunders, A. D. & Norry, M. J. (eds) Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 42, 313-345.
111. Tepley, F. J., Davidson, J. P. & Clynne, M. A. (1999). Magmatic interactions as recorded in plagioclase phenocrysts of Chaos Crags, Lassen volcanic center, California. Journal of Petrology 40, 787-806.
112. Troll, V. R. & Schmincke, H. U. (2002). Magma mixing and crustal recycling recorded in Tertiary feldspar from compositionally zoned peralkaline ignimbrite 'A', Gran Canaria, Canary Islands. Journal of Petrology 43, 243-270.
113. Troll, V. R., Donalson, C. H. & Emeleus, H. (2004). Pre-eruptive magma mixing in ash-flow deposits of the Tertiary Rum igneous centre, Scotland. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 147, 722-739.
114. Vernon, R. H. (1986). K-feldspar megacrysts in granites - phenocrysts, not porphyroblasts. Earth-Science Reviews 23, 1-63.
115. Waight, T. E., Dean, A. A., Maas, R. & Nicholls, I. A. (2000). Sr and Nd isotopic investigations towards the origin of feldspar megacrysts in microgranular enclaves in two 1-type plutons of the Lachlan Fold Belt, southeast Australia.. Australian Journal of Earth Science 47 1105-1112.
116. Wall, V. J., Clemens, J. D. & Clarke, B. (1987). Models for granitoid evolution and source compositions. Journal of Geology 95, 731-749.
117. Watson, E. B. (1982). Basalt contamination by continental crust: Some experiments and models. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 80, 73-87.
118. Wiebe, R. A. (1996). Mafic-silicic layered intrusions: The role of basaltic injections on magmatic processes and the evolution of silicic magma chambers. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences 87, 233-242.
119. Wiebe, R. A., Blair, K. D., Hawkins, D. P. & Sabine, C. P. (2002). Mafic injections, in situ hybridization, and crystal accumulation in the Pyramid Peak granite, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 114, 909-920.
120. Wilamowski, A. (1998). Srodowisko geotektoniczne intruzji granitowych Tatr i Karkonoszy w swietle danych geochemicznych. Archiwum Mineralogiczne 52, 261-271.
121. Wnorowska, U. (2006). Enclaves from Karkonosze granite as an example of magma mixing processes - evidence from CL, Nomarski DIC microscopy, combined with local chemical analyses of feldspars. MSc thesis, TU Bergakademie, Freiberg.
122. Žak, J. & Klominsky, J. (2007). Magmatic structures in the Krkonoše - Jizera Plutonic Complex, Bohemian Massif: Evidence for localized multiphase flow and small-scale thermal-mechanical instabilities in a granitic magma chamber. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 164, 254-267.
123. Žak, J., Vyhnalek, B. & Kabele, P. (2006). Is there a relationship between magmatic fabrics and brittle fractures in plutons? A view based on structural analysis, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and thermo-mechanical modelling of the Tanvald pluton (Bohemian Massif). Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 157, 286-310.
124. Ziegler, P. (1986). Geodynamic model for the Paleozoic crustal consolidation of western and central Europe. Tectonophysics 126 303-328.
125. Zorpi, M. J., Coulon, C., Orsini, J.-B. & Corcita, C. (1989). Magma mingling, zoning and emplacement in calo-alkaline granitoid plutons. Tectonophysics 157, 315-329.
126. Zorpi, M. J., Coulon, C. & Orsini, J.-B. (1991). Hybridization between felsic and mafic magmas in calo-alkaline granitoids - a case study in Northern Sardinia, Italy. Chemical Geology 92, 45-86.