Unexpected results from corrosion testing of trivalent passivates

Plating and Surface Finishing

Volumn 94, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 14-17

  Rochester, Tom ^a   Kennedy, Zachary W ^a,b  

^a Plating Systems and Technologies   (United States)

^b CEDARVILLE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 38949192858     PISSN: 03603164     EISSN: None     Source Type: Trade Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. ISO has argued against the use of the description "passivate." They set forth the position that "The application of very thin, colourless, practically invisible chromate conversion coatings is frequently called 'passivation,' while the application of thicker, coloured chromate conversion coatings is often called 'chromating.' The term passivation is not correct and is, therefore, not recommended." The International Material Data System (IMDS) refers to films containing hexavalent chromium as "chromate films" and films free from hexavalent chromium are referred to as "passivates." In the opinion of the authors, the term is descriptive as well as technically correct, and the term has found wide usage in the North American metal finishing industry.
2. E. J. Wilhelm, U. S. Patent 2,305,380 (1936).
3. Where author Tom Rochester had the privilege to work from 1978 to 1984. Ken Bellinger had sold Conversion Chemical Company to 3M, who owned the facility in Rockville until 1983.
4. K.P. Bellinger & E.G. Chapdelaine, U.S. Patent 3,171,765 (1965).
5. K.P. Bellinger and E.G. Chapdelaine, U.S. Patent 3,171,767 (1965).
6. K.P. Bellinger, U.S. Patent 3,330,864 (1967).
7. K.P. Klos, U.S. Patent 5,368,655 (1994).
8. P. Preikschat, et al., U.S. Patent 6,287,704 (2001).
9. P. Preikschat, et al., U.S. Patent 6,946,201 (2005).
10. Directive 2000/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 18, 2000 on End-of-Life Vehicles, Official Journal of the European Communities L269 (21.10.2000). The complete text of ELV Directive 200/53/EC, passed on September 18, 2000, is available at the GMW 3059 website, http://www.gmw3059.com. There is also a great deal of additional information available from this site, including the annexes to this directive.
11. P. Wynn, "The End of Life Vehicle Directive and International Material Data System," Products Finishing, pp 58-63 (May 2003).
12. Commission Decision of 27 June 2002 amending Annex II of Directive 2000/ 53/EC of the Duropean Parliament and of the Council on end-of-life vehicles. This decision is available from the GMW 3059 website.
13. Council decision of 20 September 2005 amending Annex II of Directive 2000/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on end-of-life vehicles. This decision is available from the GMW 3059 website.
14. F. Altmayer, "ELV, WEEE, RoHS and Hex-Chrome Testing," Products Finishing, pp 58-61 (August 2006).
15. EPA Test for Hexavalent Chromium, Method 7196A, available at www.epa.gov/sw-846/pdfs/7196a.pdf
16. M.S. Herrman, "Testing the Waters for Chromium," J. Chemical Education, 71 (4), 323 (1994).
17. ISO 3613, Second Edition 2000-06-15. Chromate conversion coatings on cadmium, aluminium-zinc alloys and zinc-aluminium alloys - test methods.
18. GMW 3034, Absence of Hexavalent Chrome, Cr VI, in Coatings, October 2006.
19. K. Kodama, Methods of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY (1994).
20. ASTM B117-07: Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus, ASTM International, W. Conshohocken, PA, (2007).
21. J.H. Lindsay, "European Union ELV Directive: How Will It Impact the Automotive & Metal Finishing Industries?" Plating & Surface Finishing, 89 (6), 16 (2002).
22. Chromiting Operating Data Sheet, Continental Surface Treatment, Inc., Cleveland, OH, (08/29/2000 revision).
23. T.H. Irvine, The Chemical Analysis of Electroplating Solutions, Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., New York, NY, 1970; pp 12-19.
24. K. Sander, J. Lohse & U. Pirntke, Heavy Metals in Vehicles - Final Report, Ökopol - Institut fur Okologie und Politik GmbH Nernstweg 32-34 22765 Hamburg Germany.