메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 240-249

New Zealand forest to alpine transitions in global context

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPINE ENVIRONMENT; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; DECIDUOUS TREE; DIFFERENTIATION; DOMINANCE; EVERGREEN TREE; FOREST DYNAMICS; GRASS; GRASSLAND; GROWING SEASON; TRANSITION ZONE;

EID: 38949166357     PISSN: 15230430     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1657/1523-0430(06-066)[WARDLE]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (50)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 0000767706 scopus 로고
    • The effects of cuticular transpiration on Picea abies and Pinus cembra and their significance in desiccation at the alpine treeline
    • Baig, M. N., and Tranquillini, W., 1980: The effects of cuticular transpiration on Picea abies and Pinus cembra and their significance in desiccation at the alpine treeline. Oecologia (Berlin), 47: 252-256.
    • (1980) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.47 , pp. 252-256
    • Baig, M.N.1    Tranquillini, W.2
  • 2
    • 0003130278 scopus 로고
    • The role of photoinhibition during tree seedling establishment at low temperatures
    • Baker, N. R, and Bowyer, J. R, eds, Oxford, U.K, BIOS Scientific Publishers
    • Ball, M. C., 1994: The role of photoinhibition during tree seedling establishment at low temperatures. In Baker, N. R., and Bowyer, J. R. (eds.), Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis from Molecular Mechanisms to the Field. Oxford, U.K.: BIOS Scientific Publishers, 365-376.
    • (1994) Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis from Molecular Mechanisms to the Field , pp. 365-376
    • Ball, M.C.1
  • 3
    • 0034041257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and functional changes in Nothofagus pumilio forests along an altitudinal gradient in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
    • Barrera, M. D., Frangi, J. L., Richter, L. L., Perdomo, M. H., and Pinedo, L. B., 2000: Structural and functional changes in Nothofagus pumilio forests along an altitudinal gradient in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Journal of Vegetation Science, 11: 179-188.
    • (2000) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.11 , pp. 179-188
    • Barrera, M.D.1    Frangi, J.L.2    Richter, L.L.3    Perdomo, M.H.4    Pinedo, L.B.5
  • 4
    • 17644447371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the thermal conditions of soils at the upper tree line in the páramo of Papallacta (eastern cordillera of Ecuador)
    • Bendix, J., and Rafiqpoor, M. D., 2001: Studies on the thermal conditions of soils at the upper tree line in the páramo of Papallacta (eastern cordillera of Ecuador). Erdkunde, 55: 257-276.
    • (2001) Erdkunde , vol.55 , pp. 257-276
    • Bendix, J.1    Rafiqpoor, M.D.2
  • 5
    • 38949096067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benecke, U., and Nordmeyer, A. H., 1982: Carbon uptake by Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Poole and Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon ssp. contorta at montane and subalpine altitudes. In Waring, R. H. (ed.), Carbon Uptake and Allocation in Subalpine Ecosystems as a Key to Management. Oregon State University, Forest research Laboratory, 9-21.
    • Benecke, U., and Nordmeyer, A. H., 1982: Carbon uptake by Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Poole and Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon ssp. contorta at montane and subalpine altitudes. In Waring, R. H. (ed.), Carbon Uptake and Allocation in Subalpine Ecosystems as a Key to Management. Oregon State University, Forest research Laboratory, 9-21.
  • 7
    • 0033231902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of roots in winter water relations of Engelmann spruce saplings
    • Boyce, R. L., and Lucero, S. A., 1999: Role of roots in winter water relations of Engelmann spruce saplings. Tree Physiology, 19: 893-898.
    • (1999) Tree Physiology , vol.19 , pp. 893-898
    • Boyce, R.L.1    Lucero, S.A.2
  • 8
    • 0008249355 scopus 로고
    • Frost and drought in the highlands of New Guinea
    • Brown, M., and Powell, J. M., 1974: Frost and drought in the highlands of New Guinea. Journal of Tropical Geography, 38: 1-6.
    • (1974) Journal of Tropical Geography , vol.38 , pp. 1-6
    • Brown, M.1    Powell, J.M.2
  • 9
    • 0027331907 scopus 로고
    • Fire-induced dynamics of Araucaria araucana-Nothofagus antarctica forest in the southern Andes
    • Burns, B. R., 1993: Fire-induced dynamics of Araucaria araucana-Nothofagus antarctica forest in the southern Andes. Journal of Biogeography, 20: 669-685.
    • (1993) Journal of Biogeography , vol.20 , pp. 669-685
    • Burns, B.R.1
  • 11
    • 0033808337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange and low temperature resistance in two tropical high mountain tree species from the Venezuelan Andes
    • Cavieres, L. A., Rada, F., Azócar, B., García-Nuñez, C., and Cabrara, H., 2000: Gas exchange and low temperature resistance in two tropical high mountain tree species from the Venezuelan Andes. Acta Oecologica, 21: 203-211.
    • (2000) Acta Oecologica , vol.21 , pp. 203-211
    • Cavieres, L.A.1    Rada, F.2    Azócar, B.3    García-Nuñez, C.4    Cabrara, H.5
  • 12
    • 0033761909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree recruitment at the Nothofagus pumilio alpine timberline in Tierra del Fuego, Chile
    • Cuevas, J. G., 2000: Tree recruitment at the Nothofagus pumilio alpine timberline in Tierra del Fuego, Chile. Journal of Ecology, 88: 840-855.
    • (2000) Journal of Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 840-855
    • Cuevas, J.G.1
  • 13
    • 0035666999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance and climate-warming influences on New Zealand Nothofagus tree-line population dynamics
    • Cullen, L. E., Stewart, G. H., Duncan, R. P., and Palmer, J. G., 2001: Disturbance and climate-warming influences on New Zealand Nothofagus tree-line population dynamics. Journal of Ecology, 89: 1061-1071.
    • (2001) Journal of Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 1061-1071
    • Cullen, L.E.1    Stewart, G.H.2    Duncan, R.P.3    Palmer, J.G.4
  • 14
    • 0001024184 scopus 로고
    • Alpine timberlines in the Americas and their interpretation
    • Daubenmire, R., 1954: Alpine timberlines in the Americas and their interpretation. Butler University Botanical Studies, 11: 119-136.
    • (1954) Butler University Botanical Studies , vol.11 , pp. 119-136
    • Daubenmire, R.1
  • 15
    • 0002150318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology of Nothofagus forests in central Chile
    • Veblen, T. T, Hill, R. S, and Read, J, eds, New Haven: Yale University Press
    • Donoso, C., 1996: Ecology of Nothofagus forests in central Chile. In Veblen, T. T., Hill, R. S., and Read, J. (eds.), The Ecology and Biogeography of Nothofagus Forests. New Haven: Yale University Press, 271-292.
    • (1996) The Ecology and Biogeography of Nothofagus Forests , pp. 271-292
    • Donoso, C.1
  • 17
    • 0036802049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of climatic change on the tree line
    • Grace, J., Berninger, F., and Nagy, L., 2002: Impacts of climatic change on the tree line. Annals of Botany, 90: 537-544.
    • (2002) Annals of Botany , vol.90 , pp. 537-544
    • Grace, J.1    Berninger, F.2    Nagy, L.3
  • 18
    • 0022826978 scopus 로고
    • An ecological study of the subalpine tree Dracophyllum traversii (Epacridaceae) at Arthur's Pass, South Island, New Zealand
    • Haase, P., 1986: An ecological study of the subalpine tree Dracophyllum traversii (Epacridaceae) at Arthur's Pass, South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 24: 69-78.
    • (1986) New Zealand Journal of Botany , vol.24 , pp. 69-78
    • Haase, P.1
  • 19
    • 0023529273 scopus 로고
    • Ecological studies on Hoheria glabrata (Malvaceae) at Arthur's Pass, South Island, New Zealand
    • Haase, P., 1987: Ecological studies on Hoheria glabrata (Malvaceae) at Arthur's Pass, South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 25: 401-409.
    • (1987) New Zealand Journal of Botany , vol.25 , pp. 401-409
    • Haase, P.1
  • 20
    • 0024878137 scopus 로고
    • Wind erosion of leaf surface wax in alpine timberline conifers
    • Hadley, J. L., and Smith, W. K., 1989: Wind erosion of leaf surface wax in alpine timberline conifers. Arctic and Alpine Research, 21: 392-398.
    • (1989) Arctic and Alpine Research , vol.21 , pp. 392-398
    • Hadley, J.L.1    Smith, W.K.2
  • 21
    • 0037360228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The carbon charging of pines at the climatic treeline: A global comparison
    • Hoch, G., and Körner, C., 2003: The carbon charging of pines at the climatic treeline: a global comparison. Oecologia, 135: 10-21.
    • (2003) Oecologia , vol.135 , pp. 10-21
    • Hoch, G.1    Körner, C.2
  • 23
    • 0342323817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global controls of forest line elevation in the northern and southern hemispheres
    • Jobbágy, E. G., and Jackson, R. B., 2000: Global controls of forest line elevation in the northern and southern hemispheres. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 9: 253-268.
    • (2000) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.9 , pp. 253-268
    • Jobbágy, E.G.1    Jackson, R.B.2
  • 24
    • 0033771740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predator satiation and extreme mast seeding in 11 species of Chionochloa (Poaceae)
    • Kelly, D., Harrison, A. L., Lee, W. G., Wilson, P. R., and Schauber, E. M., 2000: Predator satiation and extreme mast seeding in 11 species of Chionochloa (Poaceae). Oikos, 90: 477-488.
    • (2000) Oikos , vol.90 , pp. 477-488
    • Kelly, D.1    Harrison, A.L.2    Lee, W.G.3    Wilson, P.R.4    Schauber, E.M.5
  • 25
    • 0031894870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of frost impacts on seasonal photosynthesis of Eucalyptus pauciflora
    • King, D. A., and Ball, M. C., 1998: A model of frost impacts on seasonal photosynthesis of Eucalyptus pauciflora. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 25: 27-37.
    • (1998) Australian Journal of Plant Physiology , vol.25 , pp. 27-37
    • King, D.A.1    Ball, M.C.2
  • 26
    • 14644409744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relaxed molecular clock provides evidence for long-distance dispersal of Nothofagus (southern beech)
    • doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030014
    • Knapp, M., Stöckler, K., Havell, D., Delsuc, F., Sebastiani, F., and Lockhart, P., 2005: Relaxed molecular clock provides evidence for long-distance dispersal of Nothofagus (southern beech). PLoS Biology, 3(1): e14, doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030014.
    • (2005) PLoS Biology , vol.3 , Issue.1
    • Knapp, M.1    Stöckler, K.2    Havell, D.3    Delsuc, F.4    Sebastiani, F.5    Lockhart, P.6
  • 27
    • 2642619383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A re-assessment of high elevation treeline positions and their explanation
    • Körner, C., 1998: A re-assessment of high elevation treeline positions and their explanation. Oecologia, 115: 445-459.
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.115 , pp. 445-459
    • Körner, C.1
  • 28
    • 33244487684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A test of treeline theory on a montane permafrost island
    • Körner, C., and Hoch, G., 2006: A test of treeline theory on a montane permafrost island. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 38: 113-119.
    • (2006) Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research , vol.38 , pp. 113-119
    • Körner, C.1    Hoch, G.2
  • 29
    • 2142840993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A world-wide study of high altitude treeline temperatures
    • Körner, C., and Paulsen, J., 2004: A world-wide study of high altitude treeline temperatures. Journal of Biogeography, 31: 713-732.
    • (2004) Journal of Biogeography , vol.31 , pp. 713-732
    • Körner, C.1    Paulsen, J.2
  • 30
    • 0027011496 scopus 로고
    • Influence of fire in the grass páramo vegetation of Ecuador
    • Balslev, H, and Luteyn, J. L, eds, London, San Diego: Academic Press
    • Lægaard, S., 1992: Influence of fire in the grass páramo vegetation of Ecuador. In Balslev, H., and Luteyn, J. L. (eds.), Páramo, an Andean Ecosystem under Human Influence. London, San Diego: Academic Press, 151-166.
    • (1992) Páramo, an Andean Ecosystem under Human Influence , pp. 151-166
    • Lægaard, S.1
  • 31
    • 0022234903 scopus 로고
    • Development of acute frost drought in Rhododendron ferrugineum at the alpine timberline
    • Larcher, W., and Siegwolf, R., 1985: Development of acute frost drought in Rhododendron ferrugineum at the alpine timberline. Oecologia (Berlin), 67: 298-330.
    • (1985) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.67 , pp. 298-330
    • Larcher, W.1    Siegwolf, R.2
  • 32
    • 0032451492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are New Zealand's Nothofagus species in equilibrium with their environment?
    • Leathwick, J. R., 1998: Are New Zealand's Nothofagus species in equilibrium with their environment? Journal of Vegetation Science, 9: 719-732.
    • (1998) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.9 , pp. 719-732
    • Leathwick, J.R.1
  • 33
    • 0027331675 scopus 로고
    • Key periods in the evolution of the flora and vegetation in western Tasmania. I. The early-middle Pleistocene
    • Macphail, M. K., Jordan, G. J., and Hill, R. S., 1993: Key periods in the evolution of the flora and vegetation in western Tasmania. I. The early-middle Pleistocene. Australian Journal of Botany, 41: 673-707.
    • (1993) Australian Journal of Botany , vol.41 , pp. 673-707
    • Macphail, M.K.1    Jordan, G.J.2    Hill, R.S.3
  • 35
    • 0033824024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpine vegetation, plant distribution, life forms, and environments in a perhumid New Zealand region: Oceanic and tropical high mountain affinities
    • Mark, A. F., Dickinson, K. J. M., and Hofstede, R. G. M., 2000: Alpine vegetation, plant distribution, life forms, and environments in a perhumid New Zealand region: oceanic and tropical high mountain affinities. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 32: 240-254.
    • (2000) Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research , vol.32 , pp. 240-254
    • Mark, A.F.1    Dickinson, K.J.M.2    Hofstede, R.G.M.3
  • 36
    • 0038216700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation patterns, plant distribution and life forms across the alpine zone in southern Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
    • Mark, A. F., Dickinson, K. J. M., Allen, J., Smith, R., and West, C. J., 2001: Vegetation patterns, plant distribution and life forms across the alpine zone in southern Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Austral Ecology, 26: 423-440.
    • (2001) Austral Ecology , vol.26 , pp. 423-440
    • Mark, A.F.1    Dickinson, K.J.M.2    Allen, J.3    Smith, R.4    West, C.J.5
  • 37
    • 0008265962 scopus 로고
    • Winter water relations of tree foliage at timberline in New Zealand and Switzerland
    • Turner, H, and Tranquillini, W, eds, Birmensdorf, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Institute of Forestry
    • McCracken, I. J., Wardle, P., Benecke, U., and Buxton, R. P., 1985: Winter water relations of tree foliage at timberline in New Zealand and Switzerland. In Turner, H., and Tranquillini, W. (eds.), Establishment and Tending of Subalpine Forest: Research and Management. Birmensdorf, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Institute of Forestry, 85-93.
    • (1985) Establishment and Tending of Subalpine Forest: Research and Management , pp. 85-93
    • McCracken, I.J.1    Wardle, P.2    Benecke, U.3    Buxton, R.P.4
  • 38
    • 0031597699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dryland Holocene vegetation history, Central Otago and the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand
    • McGlone, M. S., and Moar, N. T., 1998: Dryland Holocene vegetation history, Central Otago and the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 36: 91-111.
    • (1998) New Zealand Journal of Botany , vol.36 , pp. 91-111
    • McGlone, M.S.1    Moar, N.T.2
  • 39
    • 0002224412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History and paleoecology of New Zealand Nothofagus forests
    • Veblen, T. T, Hill, R. S, and Reed, J, eds, New Haven: Yale University Press
    • McGlone, M. S., Mildenhall, D. C., and Pole, M. S., 1996: History and paleoecology of New Zealand Nothofagus forests. In Veblen, T. T., Hill, R. S., and Reed, J. (eds.), The Ecology and Biology of Nothofagus Forests. New Haven: Yale University Press, 83-130.
    • (1996) The Ecology and Biology of Nothofagus Forests , pp. 83-130
    • McGlone, M.S.1    Mildenhall, D.C.2    Pole, M.S.3
  • 40
    • 0034964597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endemism, species selection and the origin and distribution of the vascular flora of New Zealand
    • McGlone, M. S., Duncan, R. P., and Heenan, P. B., 2001: Endemism, species selection and the origin and distribution of the vascular flora of New Zealand. Journal of Biogeography, 28: 199-216.
    • (2001) Journal of Biogeography , vol.28 , pp. 199-216
    • McGlone, M.S.1    Duncan, R.P.2    Heenan, P.B.3
  • 42
    • 0004757891 scopus 로고
    • Some consequences of leaf pubescence in the Andean giant rosette plant Espeletia timotensis
    • Meinzer, F., and Goldstein, G., 1985: Some consequences of leaf pubescence in the Andean giant rosette plant Espeletia timotensis. Ecology, 66: 512-520.
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 512-520
    • Meinzer, F.1    Goldstein, G.2
  • 43
    • 0020431993 scopus 로고
    • Late Miocene-earliest Pliocene glaciation in southern Argentina: Implications for global ice-sheet history
    • Mercer, J. H., and Sutter, J. F., 1982: Late Miocene-earliest Pliocene glaciation in southern Argentina: implications for global ice-sheet history. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 38: 185-206.
    • (1982) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.38 , pp. 185-206
    • Mercer, J.H.1    Sutter, J.F.2
  • 44
    • 0003138778 scopus 로고
    • Zur oberen Waldgrenze in tropischen Gebirgen
    • Miehe, G., and Miehe, S., 1994: Zur oberen Waldgrenze in tropischen Gebirgen. Phytocoenologia, 24: 53-110.
    • (1994) Phytocoenologia , vol.24 , pp. 53-110
    • Miehe, G.1    Miehe, S.2
  • 46
    • 24444465214 scopus 로고
    • A dendrological study of Nothofagus solandri tree growth along an elevational gradient, South Island, New Zealand
    • Turner, H, and Tranquillini, W, eds, Birmensdorf, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Institute of Forestry
    • Norton, D. A., 1985: A dendrological study of Nothofagus solandri tree growth along an elevational gradient, South Island, New Zealand. In Turner, H., and Tranquillini, W. (eds.), Establishment and Tending of Subalpine Forest: Research and Management. Birmensdorf, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Institute of Forestry, 159-171.
    • (1985) Establishment and Tending of Subalpine Forest: Research and Management , pp. 159-171
    • Norton, D.A.1
  • 47
    • 0021557611 scopus 로고
    • The growth forms and ecology of Nothofagus solandri at the alpine timberline, Craigieburn Range, New Zealand
    • Norton, D. A., and Schoenenberger, W., 1984: The growth forms and ecology of Nothofagus solandri at the alpine timberline, Craigieburn Range, New Zealand. Arctic and Alpine Research, 16: 371-370.
    • (1984) Arctic and Alpine Research , vol.16 , pp. 371-370
    • Norton, D.A.1    Schoenenberger, W.2
  • 48
    • 0025623484 scopus 로고
    • An interpretation of latitudinal patterns of forest limits in south and east Asian mountains
    • Ohsawa, M., 1990: An interpretation of latitudinal patterns of forest limits in south and east Asian mountains. Journal of Ecology, 78: 326-339.
    • (1990) Journal of Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 326-339
    • Ohsawa, M.1
  • 49
    • 0021547706 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation dynamics of the Siberian dwarf pine (Pinus pumila Regel) in the Taisetsu mountain range, Hokkaido, Japan
    • Okitsu, S., and Ito, K., 1984: Vegetation dynamics of the Siberian dwarf pine (Pinus pumila Regel) in the Taisetsu mountain range, Hokkaido, Japan. Vegetatio, 58: 105-113.
    • (1984) Vegetatio , vol.58 , pp. 105-113
    • Okitsu, S.1    Ito, K.2
  • 51
    • 0029848382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon and water balance in Polylepis sericea, a tropical treeline species
    • Rada, F., Azócar, A., Briceño, B., González, J., and García-Nuñez, G., 1996: Carbon and water balance in Polylepis sericea, a tropical treeline species. Trees, 10: 218-222.
    • (1996) Trees , vol.10 , pp. 218-222
    • Rada, F.1    Azócar, A.2    Briceño, B.3    González, J.4    García-Nuñez, G.5
  • 52
    • 38949173213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rose, A. B., 1985: The forests. In Davis, M. R., and Orwin, J. (eds.), Report on a Survey of the proposed Wapiti Area, West Nelson. Christchurch: Forest Research Institute Bulletin 84, 68-109.
    • Rose, A. B., 1985: The forests. In Davis, M. R., and Orwin, J. (eds.), Report on a Survey of the proposed Wapiti Area, West Nelson. Christchurch: Forest Research Institute Bulletin 84, 68-109.
  • 53
    • 0001621626 scopus 로고
    • Freezing resistance of trees of the South Temperate Zone, especially subalpine species of Australasia
    • Sakai, A., Paton, D. M., and Wardle, P., 1981: Freezing resistance of trees of the South Temperate Zone, especially subalpine species of Australasia. Ecology, 62: 563-570.
    • (1981) Ecology , vol.62 , pp. 563-570
    • Sakai, A.1    Paton, D.M.2    Wardle, P.3
  • 55
    • 0021561351 scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide assimilation and stomatal response of afroalpine giant rosette plants
    • Schulze, E.-D., Beck, E., Scheibe, R., and Ziegler, P., 1985: Carbon dioxide assimilation and stomatal response of afroalpine giant rosette plants. Oecologia, 65: 207-213.
    • (1985) Oecologia , vol.65 , pp. 207-213
    • Schulze, E.-D.1    Beck, E.2    Scheibe, R.3    Ziegler, P.4
  • 56
    • 0001759044 scopus 로고
    • Wintertime photosynthesis of bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) in the White Mountains of California
    • Schulze, E.-D., Mooney, H. A., and Dunn, E. L., 1967: Wintertime photosynthesis of bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) in the White Mountains of California. Ecology, 48: 1044-1047.
    • (1967) Ecology , vol.48 , pp. 1044-1047
    • Schulze, E.-D.1    Mooney, H.A.2    Dunn, E.L.3
  • 57
    • 0345331021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Another perspective on altitudinal limits of alpine timberlines
    • Smith, W. K., Germino, M. J., Hancock, T. E., and Johnson, D. M., 2003: Another perspective on altitudinal limits of alpine timberlines. Tree Physiology, 23: 1101-1112.
    • (2003) Tree Physiology , vol.23 , pp. 1101-1112
    • Smith, W.K.1    Germino, M.J.2    Hancock, T.E.3    Johnson, D.M.4
  • 58
    • 0033392556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age of Sirius Group on Mount Feather, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, based on glaciological inferences from the overridden mountain range of Scandinavia
    • Stroeven, A. P., and Kleman, J., 1999: Age of Sirius Group on Mount Feather, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, based on glaciological inferences from the overridden mountain range of Scandinavia. Global and Planetary Change, 23: 231-247.
    • (1999) Global and Planetary Change , vol.23 , pp. 231-247
    • Stroeven, A.P.1    Kleman, J.2
  • 59
    • 84879888502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Cenozoic geomorphic and tectonic evolution of the Patagonian Andes between latitudes 42°S and 46°S: An appraisal based on fission-track results from the transpression intra-arc Linquiñe-Ofqui fault zone
    • Thomson, S. N., 2002: Late Cenozoic geomorphic and tectonic evolution of the Patagonian Andes between latitudes 42°S and 46°S: an appraisal based on fission-track results from the transpression intra-arc Linquiñe-Ofqui fault zone. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 114: 1159-1173.
    • (2002) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.114 , pp. 1159-1173
    • Thomson, S.N.1
  • 60
    • 0003039590 scopus 로고
    • Physiological Ecology of the Alpine Timberline
    • Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, 137 pp
    • Tranquillini, W., 1979: Physiological Ecology of the Alpine Timberline. Ecological Studies 31. Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, 137 pp.
    • (1979) Ecological Studies , vol.31
    • Tranquillini, W.1
  • 61
    • 0344241795 scopus 로고
    • Ökophysiologische Untersuchungen an Rotbuchen (Fagus sylvatica L.) in verschiedenen Höhenlagen Nord- und Südtirols.
    • Tranquillini, W., and Plank, A., 1989: Ökophysiologische Untersuchungen an Rotbuchen (Fagus sylvatica L.) in verschiedenen Höhenlagen Nord- und Südtirols. Centralblatt für das gesamte Forstwesen, 106: 225-246.
    • (1989) Centralblatt für das gesamte Forstwesen , vol.106 , pp. 225-246
    • Tranquillini, W.1    Plank, A.2
  • 62
    • 0027019174 scopus 로고
    • The climate of Tierra del Fuego from a Vegetation geographical point of view and its ecoclimatic counterparts elsewhere
    • 64 pp
    • Tuhkanen, S., 1992: The climate of Tierra del Fuego from a Vegetation geographical point of view and its ecoclimatic counterparts elsewhere. Acta Botanica Fennica, 145: 64 pp.
    • (1992) Acta Botanica Fennica , vol.145
    • Tuhkanen, S.1
  • 63
    • 84989012003 scopus 로고
    • Abrasive damage by wind to the needle surfaces of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and Pinus sylvestris L
    • Van Gardingen, P. R., Grace, J., and Jeffree, C. E., 1991: Abrasive damage by wind to the needle surfaces of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and Pinus sylvestris L. Plant, Cell and Environment, 14: 185-193.
    • (1991) Plant, Cell and Environment , vol.14 , pp. 185-193
    • Van Gardingen, P.R.1    Grace, J.2    Jeffree, C.E.3
  • 64
    • 0032412183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological traits of the tropical treeline species Polylepis quadrijuga (Rosaceae) in the Andes of Colombia
    • Velez, V., Cavelier, J., and Devia, B., 1998: Ecological traits of the tropical treeline species Polylepis quadrijuga (Rosaceae) in the Andes of Colombia. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 15: 771-787.
    • (1998) Journal of Tropical Ecology , vol.15 , pp. 771-787
    • Velez, V.1    Cavelier, J.2    Devia, B.3
  • 65
    • 0001216712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent trends in tree-ring records from high elevation sites in the Andes of northern Patagonia
    • Villalba, R., Boninsegna, J. A., Veblen, T. T., Schmelter, A., and Rubulis, S., 1997: Recent trends in tree-ring records from high elevation sites in the Andes of northern Patagonia. Climate Change, 6: 1-30.
    • (1997) Climate Change , vol.6 , pp. 1-30
    • Villalba, R.1    Boninsegna, J.A.2    Veblen, T.T.3    Schmelter, A.4    Rubulis, S.5
  • 66
    • 38949165119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wade, L. K., and McVean, D. N., 1969: Mt Wilhelm studies. I. The alpine and subalpine vegetation. Canberra: Australian National University, Research School of Pacific Studies, Department of Biogeography and Geomorphology Publication BG/1, 225 pp.
    • Wade, L. K., and McVean, D. N., 1969: Mt Wilhelm studies. I. The alpine and subalpine vegetation. Canberra: Australian National University, Research School of Pacific Studies, Department of Biogeography and Geomorphology Publication BG/1, 225 pp.
  • 68
    • 0001684999 scopus 로고
    • An explanation for alpine timberline
    • Wardle, P., 1971: An explanation for alpine timberline. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 9: 371-402.
    • (1971) New Zealand Journal of Botany , vol.9 , pp. 371-402
    • Wardle, P.1
  • 69
    • 0003279359 scopus 로고
    • Winter desiccation of conifer needles simulated by artificial freezing
    • Wardle, P., 1981: Winter desiccation of conifer needles simulated by artificial freezing. Arctic and Alpine Research, 13: 419-423.
    • (1981) Arctic and Alpine Research , vol.13 , pp. 419-423
    • Wardle, P.1
  • 70
    • 0022222481 scopus 로고
    • New Zealand timberlines. 1. Growth and survival of native and introduced tree species in the Craigieburn Range, Canterbury. 2. A study of forest limits in the Crow Valley near Arthurs Pass, Canterbury
    • Wardle, P., 1985: New Zealand timberlines. 1. Growth and survival of native and introduced tree species in the Craigieburn Range, Canterbury. 2. A study of forest limits in the Crow Valley near Arthurs Pass, Canterbury. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 23: 219-261.
    • (1985) New Zealand Journal of Botany , vol.23 , pp. 219-261
    • Wardle, P.1
  • 71
    • 85040897288 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 672 pp
    • Wardle, P., 1991: Vegetation of New Zealand. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 672 pp.
    • (1991) Vegetation of New Zealand
    • Wardle, P.1
  • 72
    • 0002627259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of alpine timberlines in New Zealand and the southern Andes
    • Wardle, P., 1998: Comparison of alpine timberlines in New Zealand and the southern Andes. Miscellaneous Series, Royal Society of New Zealand, 48: 69-90.
    • (1998) Miscellaneous Series, Royal Society of New Zealand , vol.48 , pp. 69-90
    • Wardle, P.1
  • 73
    • 0035704923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene forest fires in the upper Clutha district, Otago, New Zealand
    • Wardle, P., 2001: Holocene forest fires in the upper Clutha district, Otago, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 39: 523-542.
    • (2001) New Zealand Journal of Botany , vol.39 , pp. 523-542
    • Wardle, P.1
  • 74
    • 0027045090 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for rising upper limits of four native forest trees
    • Wardle, P., and Coleman, M. C., 1992: Evidence for rising upper limits of four native forest trees. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 30: 303-314.
    • (1992) New Zealand Journal of Botany , vol.30 , pp. 303-314
    • Wardle, P.1    Coleman, M.C.2
  • 75
  • 78
    • 0003123574 scopus 로고
    • Pliocene fossil Nothofagus (southern beech) from Antarctica: Phytogeography, dispersal strategies, and survival in high latitude glacial-deglacial environments
    • Alden, J, Mastrantonio, J. L, and Ødum, S, eds, Forest Development in Cold Climates: Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held in Laugarvatn, Iceland, June 18-23, New York: Plenum Press
    • Webb, P. N., and Harwood, D. M., 1993: Pliocene fossil Nothofagus (southern beech) from Antarctica: phytogeography, dispersal strategies, and survival in high latitude glacial-deglacial environments In Alden, J., Mastrantonio, J. L., and Ødum, S. (eds.), Forest Development in Cold Climates: Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held in Laugarvatn, Iceland, June 18-23, 1991. NATO Science Series A 244 New York: Plenum Press, 135-166.
    • (1991) NATO Science Series A , vol.244 , pp. 135-166
    • Webb, P.N.1    Harwood, D.M.2
  • 79
  • 80
    • 0023582471 scopus 로고
    • Temperature and stature: A study of temperatures in montane vegetation
    • Wilson, C., Grace, J., Allen, S., and Slack, F., 1987: Temperature and stature: a study of temperatures in montane vegetation. Functional Ecology, 1: 405-413.
    • (1987) Functional Ecology , vol.1 , pp. 405-413
    • Wilson, C.1    Grace, J.2    Allen, S.3    Slack, F.4
  • 81
    • 0000314224 scopus 로고
    • Some correlations between vegetation and climate in New Zealand
    • Zotov, V. D., 1938: Some correlations between vegetation and climate in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, 19: 474-487.
    • (1938) New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology , vol.19 , pp. 474-487
    • Zotov, V.D.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.