메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 61-87

Anatomy and Physiology of Congenital Spinal Lesions

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 38949139787     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-06616-0.50009-2     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (11)

References (248)
  • 1
    • 0025058394 scopus 로고
    • Retinoic acid-induced spina bifida: evidence for a pathogenetic mechanism
    • AJ Alles and K Sulik (1990) Retinoic acid-induced spina bifida: evidence for a pathogenetic mechanism. Development 108 73-81.
    • (1990) Development , vol.108 , pp. 73-81
    • Alles, A.J.1    Sulik, K.2
  • 2
    • 0016157486 scopus 로고
    • Sacrococcygeal teratoma: American Academy of Pediatrics, Surgical Section, Surgery 1973
    • RP Altman, JG Randolph and JR Lilly (1974) Sacrococcygeal teratoma: American Academy of Pediatrics, Surgical Section, Surgery 1973. J Pediatr Surg 9 389-398.
    • (1974) J Pediatr Surg , vol.9 , pp. 389-398
    • Altman, R.P.1    Randolph, J.G.2    Lilly, J.R.3
  • 3
    • 0028318730 scopus 로고
    • Control of cell behavior during vertebrae development by Slug, a zinc finger gene
    • MA Angela Nieto, MG Sargent, DG Wilkinson and J Cooke (1994) Control of cell behavior during vertebrae development by Slug, a zinc finger gene. Science 264(5160), 835-839.
    • (1994) Science , vol.264 , Issue.5160 , pp. 835-839
    • Angela Nieto, M.A.1    Sargent, M.G.2    Wilkinson, D.G.3    Cooke, J.4
  • 4
    • 0017265183 scopus 로고
    • Lumbar spinal stenosis and nerve root entrapment syndromes. Definition and classification
    • CC Arnoldi, AE Brodsky, J Cauchoix, et al. (1976) Lumbar spinal stenosis and nerve root entrapment syndromes. Definition and classification. Clin Orthop Rel Res 115 4-5.
    • (1976) Clin Orthop Rel Res , vol.115 , pp. 4-5
    • Arnoldi, C.C.1    Brodsky, A.E.2    Cauchoix, J.3
  • 5
    • 0001525952 scopus 로고
    • Delayed myelopathy following atlantoaxial dislocation by separate odontoid process
    • A Bachs, L Barraquer-Bordas, et al. (1955) Delayed myelopathy following atlantoaxial dislocation by separate odontoid process. Brain 78 537-553.
    • (1955) Brain , vol.78 , pp. 537-553
    • Bachs, A.1    Barraquer-Bordas, L.2
  • 6
    • 0023937012 scopus 로고
    • The contribution made by a single somite to the vertebral column: experimental evidence in support of resegmentation using the chick-quail chimaera model
    • KM Bagnall, SJ Higgins and EJ Sanders (1988) The contribution made by a single somite to the vertebral column: experimental evidence in support of resegmentation using the chick-quail chimaera model. Development 103 69-85.
    • (1988) Development , vol.103 , pp. 69-85
    • Bagnall, K.M.1    Higgins, S.J.2    Sanders, E.J.3
  • 7
    • 0000943879 scopus 로고
    • The normal cervical spine in infants and children
    • DK Bailey (1962) The normal cervical spine in infants and children. Radiology 59 712-719.
    • (1962) Radiology , vol.59 , pp. 712-719
    • Bailey, D.K.1
  • 8
    • 0001630065 scopus 로고
    • Congenital dermal sinus associated with meningitis: report of a fatal case
    • BS Bardell and B Laurance (1951) Congenital dermal sinus associated with meningitis: report of a fatal case. BMJ 2 1558-1561.
    • (1951) BMJ , vol.2 , pp. 1558-1561
    • Bardell, B.S.1    Laurance, B.2
  • 9
    • 0025970483 scopus 로고
    • MR evaluation of spinal dermal sinus tracts in children
    • AJ Barkovich, MSB Edwards and PH Cogen (1991) MR evaluation of spinal dermal sinus tracts in children. AJNR 12 123-129.
    • (1991) AJNR , vol.12 , pp. 123-129
    • Barkovich, A.J.1    Edwards, M.S.B.2    Cogen, P.H.3
  • 10
    • 0000764866 scopus 로고
    • Possible factors in the development of the Arnold-Chiari malformation
    • A Barry, BM Patten and BH Stewart (1957) Possible factors in the development of the Arnold-Chiari malformation. J Neurol 14 285.
    • (1957) J Neurol , vol.14 , pp. 285
    • Barry, A.1    Patten, B.M.2    Stewart, B.H.3
  • 11
    • 0014775736 scopus 로고
    • Spina bifida: the significance of the level and extent of the defect to the morphogenesis
    • AJ Barson (1970) Spina bifida: the significance of the level and extent of the defect to the morphogenesis. Dev Med Child Neurol 12 129-144.
    • (1970) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 129-144
    • Barson, A.J.1
  • 12
    • 0344775974 scopus 로고
    • The etiology of spondylolisthesis
    • M Batts (1939) The etiology of spondylolisthesis. J Bone Joint Surg 21 879-884.
    • (1939) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.21 , pp. 879-884
    • Batts, M.1
  • 13
    • 0014524569 scopus 로고
    • Hypochondroplasia: report of 5 kindreds
    • RK Beals (1969) Hypochondroplasia: report of 5 kindreds. J Bone Joint Surg 51A 728-736.
    • (1969) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.51A , pp. 728-736
    • Beals, R.K.1
  • 15
    • 0015694081 scopus 로고
    • Atlanto-axial subluxation in Morquio syndrome
    • P Beighton and J Craig (1973) Atlanto-axial subluxation in Morquio syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg 55B 478-581.
    • (1973) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.55B , pp. 478-581
    • Beighton, P.1    Craig, J.2
  • 16
    • 0014603022 scopus 로고
    • Angiographic study on the vertebral artery in cases of deformities of the occipitocervical joint, abstracted
    • F Bernini, R Elefante, F Smaltino, et al. (1969) Angiographic study on the vertebral artery in cases of deformities of the occipitocervical joint, abstracted. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 107 526.
    • (1969) Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med , vol.107 , pp. 526
    • Bernini, F.1    Elefante, R.2    Smaltino, F.3
  • 17
    • 0018896980 scopus 로고
    • Spinal disorders of the spine in diastrophic dwarfism
    • D Bethem, R Winter, L Lutter, et al. (1980) Spinal disorders of the spine in diastrophic dwarfism. J Bone Joint Surg 62A 529-536.
    • (1980) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.62A , pp. 529-536
    • Bethem, D.1    Winter, R.2    Lutter, L.3
  • 19
    • 0001457412 scopus 로고
    • Craniovertebral abnormalities (a report of 40 cases)
    • EP Bharucha and HM Dastur (1964) Craniovertebral abnormalities (a report of 40 cases). Brain 87 469-480.
    • (1964) Brain , vol.87 , pp. 469-480
    • Bharucha, E.P.1    Dastur, H.M.2
  • 20
    • 0000014503 scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal growth of the human vertebrae: a contribution of human osteology
    • EM Bick and JW Cogsel (1950) Longitudinal growth of the human vertebrae: a contribution of human osteology. J Bone Joint Surg 32A 803-804.
    • (1950) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.32A , pp. 803-804
    • Bick, E.M.1    Cogsel, J.W.2
  • 21
    • 1642576382 scopus 로고
    • Partial and complete agenesis or malformation of the sacrum with associated anomalies
    • J Blummel, EB Evans and GWN Eggers (1959) Partial and complete agenesis or malformation of the sacrum with associated anomalies. J Bone Joint Surg 41A 497-518.
    • (1959) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.41A , pp. 497-518
    • Blummel, J.1    Evans, E.B.2    Eggers, G.W.N.3
  • 22
    • 0015146609 scopus 로고
    • Spondylolisthesis in the newborn
    • SE Borkow and B Kleiger (1971) Spondylolisthesis in the newborn. Clin Orthop 81 73-76.
    • (1971) Clin Orthop , vol.81 , pp. 73-76
    • Borkow, S.E.1    Kleiger, B.2
  • 23
    • 0025998808 scopus 로고
    • Neural tube defects, maternal cohorts, and age: a pointer to aetiology
    • JP Bound, BJ Francis and PW Harvey (1991) Neural tube defects, maternal cohorts, and age: a pointer to aetiology. Arch Dis Child 66 1223-1226.
    • (1991) Arch Dis Child , vol.66 , pp. 1223-1226
    • Bound, J.P.1    Francis, B.J.2    Harvey, P.W.3
  • 25
    • 0018579820 scopus 로고
    • Management of severe spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents
    • D Boxall, DS Bradford, RB Winter, et al. (1979) Management of severe spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents. J Bone Joint Surg 61A 479-495.
    • (1979) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.61A , pp. 479-495
    • Boxall, D.1    Bradford, D.S.2    Winter, R.B.3
  • 26
    • 0025957371 scopus 로고
    • Intraspinal abnormalities and congenital spine deformities: a radiographic and MRI study
    • DS Bradford, KB Heithoff and M Cohen (1991) Intraspinal abnormalities and congenital spine deformities: a radiographic and MRI study. J Pediatr Orthop 11 36-41.
    • (1991) J Pediatr Orthop , vol.11 , pp. 36-41
    • Bradford, D.S.1    Heithoff, K.B.2    Cohen, M.3
  • 27
    • 0042692409 scopus 로고
    • Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis
    • SL Weinstein (Eds), Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven
    • DS Bradford and SS Hu (1994) Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. SL Weinstein (Eds) The Pediatric Spine Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven 585-601.
    • (1994) The Pediatric Spine , pp. 585-601
    • Bradford, D.S.1    Hu, S.S.2
  • 28
    • 84924836513 scopus 로고
    • Dorsal intestinal fistula; accessory neurenteric canal; diastematomyelia
    • JL Bremer (1952) Dorsal intestinal fistula; accessory neurenteric canal; diastematomyelia. Arch Pathol 54 132-138.
    • (1952) Arch Pathol , vol.54 , pp. 132-138
    • Bremer, J.L.1
  • 29
    • 12944286167 scopus 로고
    • Chondro-osteo-dystrophy
    • JF Brilsford (1959) Chondro-osteo-dystrophy. J Bone Joint Surg 34B 53-63.
    • (1959) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.34B , pp. 53-63
    • Brilsford, J.F.1
  • 30
    • 76549165362 scopus 로고
    • The incidence of acquired and congenital fusions in the cervical spine
    • MW Brown, AW Templeton and FJ Hodges (1964) The incidence of acquired and congenital fusions in the cervical spine. Am J Roentgenol 92 1255-1259.
    • (1964) Am J Roentgenol , vol.92 , pp. 1255-1259
    • Brown, M.W.1    Templeton, A.W.2    Hodges, F.J.3
  • 31
    • 0022378728 scopus 로고
    • Chronic atlanto-axial instability in Down syndrome
    • SW Burke, HG French, JM Roberts, et al. (1985) Chronic atlanto-axial instability in Down syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg 67A 1356-1360.
    • (1985) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.67A , pp. 1356-1360
    • Burke, S.W.1    French, H.G.2    Roberts, J.M.3
  • 33
    • 0019992265 scopus 로고
    • Considerations in the diagnosis and treatment of syringomyelia and the Chiari malformation
    • LD Cahan and JR Bentson (1982) Considerations in the diagnosis and treatment of syringomyelia and the Chiari malformation. J Neurosurg 57 24-31.
    • (1982) J Neurosurg , vol.57 , pp. 24-31
    • Cahan, L.D.1    Bentson, J.R.2
  • 35
    • 0141853477 scopus 로고
    • The morphological constitution of the odontoid process
    • AJE Cave (1938) The morphological constitution of the odontoid process. J Anat 72 621.
    • (1938) J Anat , vol.72 , pp. 621
    • Cave, A.J.E.1
  • 36
    • 0345838832 scopus 로고
    • The morphology of the mammalian cervical pleurapophysis
    • AJE Cave (1975) The morphology of the mammalian cervical pleurapophysis. J Zool 177 377-393.
    • (1975) J Zool , vol.177 , pp. 377-393
    • Cave, A.J.E.1
  • 37
    • 0027031959 scopus 로고
    • Pax genes, mutants and molecular function
    • G Chalepakis, P Tremblay and P Gross (1992) Pax genes, mutants and molecular function. J Cell Sci 16(suppl), 61-67.
    • (1992) J Cell Sci , vol.16 , pp. 61-67
    • Chalepakis, G.1    Tremblay, P.2    Gross, P.3
  • 38
    • 0000131458 scopus 로고
    • Basilar impression (platybasia)
    • WE Chamberlain (1938) Basilar impression (platybasia). Yale J Biol Med 11 487.
    • (1938) Yale J Biol Med , vol.11 , pp. 487
    • Chamberlain, W.E.1
  • 39
    • 0023899383 scopus 로고
    • Role of cartilage canals in osteogenesis and growth of the vertebral centra
    • S Chandraraj and CA Briggs (1988) Role of cartilage canals in osteogenesis and growth of the vertebral centra. J Anat 158 121-136.
    • (1988) J Anat , vol.158 , pp. 121-136
    • Chandraraj, S.1    Briggs, C.A.2
  • 40
    • 0020053516 scopus 로고
    • Congenital intraspinal lipomas. Anatomic considerations and surgical treatment
    • PH Chapman (1982) Congenital intraspinal lipomas. Anatomic considerations and surgical treatment. Childs Nerv Syst 9 37.
    • (1982) Childs Nerv Syst , vol.9 , pp. 37
    • Chapman, P.H.1
  • 41
    • 0028063967 scopus 로고
    • Study of genetics, epidemiology, and vitamin usage in familial spina bifida in the United States in the 1990s
    • S Chatkupt, JH Skurnick, M Jaggi, et al. (1994) Study of genetics, epidemiology, and vitamin usage in familial spina bifida in the United States in the 1990s. Neurology 44 65-70.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 65-70
    • Chatkupt, S.1    Skurnick, J.H.2    Jaggi, M.3
  • 43
    • 0026580730 scopus 로고
    • From somites to vertebral column
    • B Christ and J Wilting (1992) From somites to vertebral column. Ann Anat 174 23-32.
    • (1992) Ann Anat , vol.174 , pp. 23-32
    • Christ, B.1    Wilting, J.2
  • 44
    • 0015305220 scopus 로고
    • Duane's retraction syndrome and associated congenital malformations
    • HE Cross and DD Pfaffenbach (1972) Duane's retraction syndrome and associated congenital malformations. Am J Ophthalmol 73 442-450.
    • (1972) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.73 , pp. 442-450
    • Cross, H.E.1    Pfaffenbach, D.D.2
  • 45
    • 0014403714 scopus 로고
    • Atlantoaxial dislocation in Down's syndrome
    • BH Curtis, S Blank and RL Fisher (1968) Atlantoaxial dislocation in Down's syndrome. JAMA 205 464-465.
    • (1968) JAMA , vol.205 , pp. 464-465
    • Curtis, B.H.1    Blank, S.2    Fisher, R.L.3
  • 46
    • 0021998915 scopus 로고
    • A study of the development of thoracic vertebrae in the mouse assisted by autoradiography
    • AE Dalgleish (1985) A study of the development of thoracic vertebrae in the mouse assisted by autoradiography. Acta Anat 122 91-98.
    • (1985) Acta Anat , vol.122 , pp. 91-98
    • Dalgleish, A.E.1
  • 47
    • 0019985612 scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic congenital spinal stenosis in a child
    • RC Dauser and WF Chandler (1982) Symptomatic congenital spinal stenosis in a child. Neurosurgery 11 61-63.
    • (1982) Neurosurgery , vol.11 , pp. 61-63
    • Dauser, R.C.1    Chandler, W.F.2
  • 48
    • 0018612366 scopus 로고
    • Atlantoaxial subluxation in children due to vertebral anomalies
    • EG Dawson and L Smith (1979) Atlantoaxial subluxation in children due to vertebral anomalies. J Bone Joint Surg 61A 582-587.
    • (1979) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.61A , pp. 582-587
    • Dawson, E.G.1    Smith, L.2
  • 49
    • 0014370033 scopus 로고
    • Basilar impression and Arnold-Chiari malformation: a study of 66 cases
    • MC De Barros, W Farias, L Ataide, et al. (1968) Basilar impression and Arnold-Chiari malformation: a study of 66 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1 596.
    • (1968) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr , vol.1 , pp. 596
    • De Barros, M.C.1    Farias, W.2    Ataide, L.3
  • 50
    • 85192332596 scopus 로고
    • Oxford,
    • DeBeer GR: Skull. Oxford, 1-552, 1937.
    • (1937) Skull. , pp. 1-552
    • DeBeer, G.R.1
  • 51
    • 0026620036 scopus 로고
    • The embryogenesis of complex dysraphic malformations: a disorder of gastrulation?
    • MS Dias and ML Walker (1992) The embryogenesis of complex dysraphic malformations: a disorder of gastrulation? Pediatr Neurosurg 18 229-253.
    • (1992) Pediatr Neurosurg , vol.18 , pp. 229-253
    • Dias, M.S.1    Walker, M.L.2
  • 52
    • 0017522658 scopus 로고
    • Cervicobasilar relationships
    • KD Dolan (1977) Cervicobasilar relationships. Radiol Clin North Am 25 155-166.
    • (1977) Radiol Clin North Am , vol.25 , pp. 155-166
    • Dolan, K.D.1
  • 53
    • 0023253844 scopus 로고
    • Congenital scoliosis and urinary tract abnormalities: are intravenous pyelograms necessary?
    • DM Drvaric, RJ Ruderman, RW Conrad, et al. (1987) Congenital scoliosis and urinary tract abnormalities: are intravenous pyelograms necessary? J Pediatr Orthop 7 441.
    • (1987) J Pediatr Orthop , vol.7 , pp. 441
    • Drvaric, D.M.1    Ruderman, R.J.2    Conrad, R.W.3
  • 54
    • 0001302731 scopus 로고
    • From the mermaid to anal imperforation: the syndrome of caudal regression
    • B Duhamel (1961) From the mermaid to anal imperforation: the syndrome of caudal regression. Arch Dis Child 30 152-155.
    • (1961) Arch Dis Child , vol.30 , pp. 152-155
    • Duhamel, B.1
  • 55
    • 0017939770 scopus 로고
    • Os odontoideum in children: neurological manifestations and surgical management
    • P Dyck (1978) Os odontoideum in children: neurological manifestations and surgical management. Neurosurgery 2 93-99.
    • (1978) Neurosurgery , vol.2 , pp. 93-99
    • Dyck, P.1
  • 56
    • 0023723970 scopus 로고
    • Presentation and management of pediatric Chiari malformations without myelodysplasia
    • GN Dyste and AH Menezes (1988) Presentation and management of pediatric Chiari malformations without myelodysplasia. Neurosurgery 23 589-597.
    • (1988) Neurosurgery , vol.23 , pp. 589-597
    • Dyste, G.N.1    Menezes, A.H.2
  • 57
    • 0021918736 scopus 로고
    • The developmental segmental sagittal diameter in combined cervical and lumbar spondylosis
    • WC Edwards and SH LaRocca (1985) The developmental segmental sagittal diameter in combined cervical and lumbar spondylosis. Spine 10 42-49.
    • (1985) Spine , vol.10 , pp. 42-49
    • Edwards, W.C.1    LaRocca, S.H.2
  • 59
    • 0002814194 scopus 로고
    • Congenital scoliosis: a study of 234 patients treated and untreated. Part 1. Natural history
    • VE Eilers (1968) Congenital scoliosis: a study of 234 patients treated and untreated. Part 1. Natural history. J Bone Joint Surg 50A 1-15.
    • (1968) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.50A , pp. 1-15
    • Eilers, V.E.1
  • 60
    • 0018905507 scopus 로고
    • Benign sacrococcygeal teratomas in infants and children. A 25 years review
    • SH Ein, SD Adeyemi and K Mancer (1980) Benign sacrococcygeal teratomas in infants and children. A 25 years review. Ann Surg 191 382-384.
    • (1980) Ann Surg , vol.191 , pp. 382-384
    • Ein, S.H.1    Adeyemi, S.D.2    Mancer, K.3
  • 61
    • 0021990368 scopus 로고
    • Malignant sacrococcygeal teratoma-endodermal sinus, yolk sac tumor in infants and children: a 32-year review
    • SH Ein, K Mancer and SD Adeyemi (1985) Malignant sacrococcygeal teratoma-endodermal sinus, yolk sac tumor in infants and children: a 32-year review. J Pediatr Surg 20 473-477.
    • (1985) J Pediatr Surg , vol.20 , pp. 473-477
    • Ein, S.H.1    Mancer, K.2    Adeyemi, S.D.3
  • 62
    • 0021678216 scopus 로고
    • Quadriplegia after minor trauma in the Klippel-Feil syndrome
    • AD Elster (1984) Quadriplegia after minor trauma in the Klippel-Feil syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg 66A 1473-1474.
    • (1984) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.66A , pp. 1473-1474
    • Elster, A.D.1
  • 63
    • 0001218071 scopus 로고
    • Compression of spinal cord and cauda equina in achondroplastic dwarfs
    • JA Epstein and LI Malis (1955) Compression of spinal cord and cauda equina in achondroplastic dwarfs. Neurology 5 875-881.
    • (1955) Neurology , vol.5 , pp. 875-881
    • Epstein, J.A.1    Malis, L.I.2
  • 64
    • 0021199188 scopus 로고
    • Coexisting cervical and lumbar spinal stenosis: diagnosis and management
    • NE Epstein, JA Epstein, R Carras, et al. (1984) Coexisting cervical and lumbar spinal stenosis: diagnosis and management. Neurosurgery 15 489-496.
    • (1984) Neurosurgery , vol.15 , pp. 489-496
    • Epstein, N.E.1    Epstein, J.A.2    Carras, R.3
  • 65
    • 0021153480 scopus 로고
    • Traumatic myelopathy in a seventeen-year-old child with cervical spine stenosis (without fracture or dislocation) and a C2-C3 Klippel-Feil fusion
    • NE Epstein, JA Epstein and A Zikha (1984) Traumatic myelopathy in a seventeen-year-old child with cervical spine stenosis (without fracture or dislocation) and a C2-C3 Klippel-Feil fusion. Spine 9 344-346.
    • (1984) Spine , vol.9 , pp. 344-346
    • Epstein, N.E.1    Epstein, J.A.2    Zikha, A.3
  • 66
    • 0028903092 scopus 로고
    • Caudal agenesis and associated caudal spinal cord malformations
    • D Estin and AR Cohen (1995) Caudal agenesis and associated caudal spinal cord malformations. Neurosurg Clin North Am 6(2), 377-391.
    • (1995) Neurosurg Clin North Am , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 377-391
    • Estin, D.1    Cohen, A.R.2
  • 67
    • 0026597466 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for resegmentation in the formation of the vertebral column using the novel approach of retroviral-mediated gene transfer
    • KBR Ewan and AW Everett (1992) Evidence for resegmentation in the formation of the vertebral column using the novel approach of retroviral-mediated gene transfer. Exp Cell Res 198 315-320.
    • (1992) Exp Cell Res , vol.198 , pp. 315-320
    • Ewan, K.B.R.1    Everett, A.W.2
  • 70
    • 0017888201 scopus 로고
    • Caudal regression anomalad (sacral agenesis) in siblings
    • NN Finer, P Bowen and LG Dunbar (1978) Caudal regression anomalad (sacral agenesis) in siblings. Clin Genet 13 353-358.
    • (1978) Clin Genet , vol.13 , pp. 353-358
    • Finer, N.N.1    Bowen, P.2    Dunbar, L.G.3
  • 71
    • 84958293801 scopus 로고
    • Etude radiotomographique de l'impression basilarie
    • H Fischgold and J Metzger (1952) Etude radiotomographique de l'impression basilarie. Rev Rheum 19 261-264.
    • (1952) Rev Rheum , vol.19 , pp. 261-264
    • Fischgold, H.1    Metzger, J.2
  • 72
    • 0027116867 scopus 로고
    • Spina bifida incidence at birth—United States, 1983-1990
    • Spina bifida incidence at birth—United States, 1983-1990. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 41 497-500.
    • (1992) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.41 , pp. 497-500
  • 73
    • 0027118191 scopus 로고
    • Spina bifida incidence at birth—United States
    • T Flood, et al. (1992) Spina bifida incidence at birth—United States. JAMA 268 708-709.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.268 , pp. 708-709
    • Flood, T.1
  • 74
    • 9344262171 scopus 로고
    • Congenital absence of the sacrum and coccyx. Report of a case and review of the literature
    • B Freedman (1950) Congenital absence of the sacrum and coccyx. Report of a case and review of the literature. Br J Surg 37 299-303.
    • (1950) Br J Surg , vol.37 , pp. 299-303
    • Freedman, B.1
  • 75
    • 0001504275 scopus 로고
    • Midline fusion defects and defects of formation
    • JR Youmans (Eds), Philadelphia: WB Saunders
    • BN French (1990) Midline fusion defects and defects of formation. JR Youmans (Eds) Neurological Surgery Philadelphia: WB Saunders 1081-1235.
    • (1990) Neurological Surgery , pp. 1081-1235
    • French, B.N.1
  • 76
    • 0020997935 scopus 로고
    • The embryology of spinal dysraphism
    • BN French (1983) The embryology of spinal dysraphism. Clin Neurosurg 30 295-340.
    • (1983) Clin Neurosurg , vol.30 , pp. 295-340
    • French, B.N.1
  • 77
    • 0342384881 scopus 로고
    • Late progressive quadriparesis due to odontoid agenesis
    • GH Fromm and SE Pitner (1963) Late progressive quadriparesis due to odontoid agenesis. Arch Neurol 9 291.
    • (1963) Arch Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 291
    • Fromm, G.H.1    Pitner, S.E.2
  • 78
    • 78651188990 scopus 로고
    • Hydrodynamic mechanism of syringomyelia: its relationship to myelocele
    • WJ Gardner (1965) Hydrodynamic mechanism of syringomyelia: its relationship to myelocele. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 28 247-259.
    • (1965) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr , vol.28 , pp. 247-259
    • Gardner, W.J.1
  • 79
    • 0018647977 scopus 로고
    • The management of atlantoaxial subluxation with neurologic involvement in Down's syndrome: a report of two cases and review of the literature
    • PE Giblin and LJ Mitchell (1979) The management of atlantoaxial subluxation with neurologic involvement in Down's syndrome: a report of two cases and review of the literature. Clin Orthop 140 66-71.
    • (1979) Clin Orthop , vol.140 , pp. 66-71
    • Giblin, P.E.1    Mitchell, L.J.2
  • 80
    • 0017188294 scopus 로고
    • Orthopedic aspects of bone dysplasias
    • MJ Goldberg (1976) Orthopedic aspects of bone dysplasias. Orthop Clin North Am 7 445-456.
    • (1976) Orthop Clin North Am , vol.7 , pp. 445-456
    • Goldberg, M.J.1
  • 84
    • 0014379574 scopus 로고
    • Atlanto-axial dislocations
    • AD Greenberg (1968) Atlanto-axial dislocations. Brain 91 655-684.
    • (1968) Brain , vol.91 , pp. 655-684
    • Greenberg, A.D.1
  • 85
    • 13344293850 scopus 로고
    • Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas
    • LA Hadley (1956) The Spine Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas
    • (1956) The Spine
    • Hadley, L.A.1
  • 86
    • 0017273650 scopus 로고
    • Os odontoideum: congenital or acquired. A case report
    • RJ Hawkins, W Fielding and WJ Thompson (1976) Os odontoideum: congenital or acquired. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg 58A 413-414.
    • (1976) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.58A , pp. 413-414
    • Hawkins, R.J.1    Fielding, W.2    Thompson, W.J.3
  • 87
    • 0020688518 scopus 로고
    • Extensive spinal dysraphism and sacral agenesis without urologic disturbances
    • I Helin, H Pettersson and D Alton (1983) Extensive spinal dysraphism and sacral agenesis without urologic disturbances. Acta Radiol Diagn 23 209-212.
    • (1983) Acta Radiol Diagn , vol.23 , pp. 209-212
    • Helin, I.1    Pettersson, H.2    Alton, D.3
  • 88
    • 0022448803 scopus 로고
    • Osseous anomalies of the cranio-vertebral junction
    • RN Hensinger (1986) Osseous anomalies of the cranio-vertebral junction. Spine 11 323.
    • (1986) Spine , vol.11 , pp. 323
    • Hensinger, R.N.1
  • 89
    • 8944260854 scopus 로고
    • Anomalies of the atlas
    • Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven
    • RN Hensinger (1989) Anomalies of the atlas. The Cervical Spine Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven 244-247.
    • (1989) The Cervical Spine , pp. 244-247
    • Hensinger, R.N.1
  • 90
    • 0011912328 scopus 로고
    • Congenital anomalies of the cervical spine
    • RH Rothman, FA Simeone (Eds), Philadelphia: WB Saunders
    • RN Hensinger (1992) Congenital anomalies of the cervical spine. RH Rothman, FA Simeone (Eds) The Spine Philadelphia: WB Saunders 288-289.
    • (1992) The Spine , pp. 288-289
    • Hensinger, R.N.1
  • 91
    • 0011912328 scopus 로고
    • Congenital anomalies of the cervical spine—atlanto-occipital fusion
    • RH Rothman, FA Simeone (Eds), Philadelphia: WB Saunders
    • RN Hensinger (1992) Congenital anomalies of the cervical spine—atlanto-occipital fusion. RH Rothman, FA Simeone (Eds) The Spine Philadelphia: WB Saunders 288-289.
    • (1992) The Spine , pp. 288-289
    • Hensinger, R.N.1
  • 92
    • 0011912328 scopus 로고
    • Congenital anomalies of the cervical spine—anomalies of odontoid
    • RH Rothman, FA Simeone (Eds), Philadelphia: WB Saunders
    • RN Hensinger (1992) Congenital anomalies of the cervical spine—anomalies of odontoid. RH Rothman, FA Simeone (Eds) The Spine Philadelphia: WB Saunders 279-289.
    • (1992) The Spine , pp. 279-289
    • Hensinger, R.N.1
  • 93
    • 0016206353 scopus 로고
    • Klippel-Feil syndrome: a constellation of associated anomalies
    • R Hensinger, JE Lang and GD MacEwen (1974) Klippel-Feil syndrome: a constellation of associated anomalies. J Bone Joint Surg 66A 1246-1253.
    • (1974) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.66A , pp. 1246-1253
    • Hensinger, R.1    Lang, J.E.2    MacEwen, G.D.3
  • 94
    • 85192339010 scopus 로고
    • Congenital abnormalities of the spine
    • RH Rothman, FA Simeone (Eds), Philadelphia: WB Saunders
    • RN Hensinger and GD MacEwen (1982) Congenital abnormalities of the spine. RH Rothman, FA Simeone (Eds) The Spine Philadelphia: WB Saunders
    • (1982) The Spine
    • Hensinger, R.N.1    MacEwen, G.D.2
  • 95
    • 0000966748 scopus 로고
    • Diplomyelia (duplication of the spinal cord)
    • RY Herren and JE Edwards (1940) Diplomyelia (duplication of the spinal cord). Arch Pathol 30 1203-1214.
    • (1940) Arch Pathol , vol.30 , pp. 1203-1214
    • Herren, R.Y.1    Edwards, J.E.2
  • 96
    • 0018932808 scopus 로고
    • Traumatic atlantoaxial dislocation causing os odontoideum in infants
    • S Hikuda, H Ota, N Okake, et al. (1980) Traumatic atlantoaxial dislocation causing os odontoideum in infants. Spine 5 207-210.
    • (1980) Spine , vol.5 , pp. 207-210
    • Hikuda, S.1    Ota, H.2    Okake, N.3
  • 97
    • 0002310608 scopus 로고
    • Sagittal diameter of the cervical spinal canal in children
    • VC Hinck, CE Hopkins and BS Savara (1962) Sagittal diameter of the cervical spinal canal in children. Radiology 79 97-108.
    • (1962) Radiology , vol.79 , pp. 97-108
    • Hinck, V.C.1    Hopkins, C.E.2    Savara, B.S.3
  • 98
    • 0000373992 scopus 로고
    • Thoracic neurenteric cyst
    • GW Holcomb and DD Matson (1954) Thoracic neurenteric cyst. Surgery 35 115-121.
    • (1954) Surgery , vol.35 , pp. 115-121
    • Holcomb, G.W.1    Matson, D.D.2
  • 99
    • 0018822459 scopus 로고
    • Diastematomyelia and structural spinal deformities
    • RW Hood, EJ Riseborough, A Nehme, et al. (1980) Diastematomyelia and structural spinal deformities. J Bone Joint Surg 62A 520-528.
    • (1980) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.62A , pp. 520-528
    • Hood, R.W.1    Riseborough, E.J.2    Nehme, A.3
  • 100
    • 0027752041 scopus 로고
    • A review of the morphology of spinal cord malformations and their relation to neuroembryology
    • A Hori (1993) A review of the morphology of spinal cord malformations and their relation to neuroembryology. Neurosurg Rev 16 259-266.
    • (1993) Neurosurg Rev , vol.16 , pp. 259-266
    • Hori, A.1
  • 101
    • 0024787823 scopus 로고
    • Contribution to the recognition of iniencephaly on the basis of a new case
    • Z Hrgovic, HG Panitz, A Kurjak, et al. (1989) Contribution to the recognition of iniencephaly on the basis of a new case. J Perinat Med 17 375-379.
    • (1989) J Perinat Med , vol.17 , pp. 375-379
    • Hrgovic, Z.1    Panitz, H.G.2    Kurjak, A.3
  • 102
    • 0026098755 scopus 로고
    • Current trends in spinal dysraphism
    • RP Humphreys (1991) Current trends in spinal dysraphism. Paraplegia 29 79-83.
    • (1991) Paraplegia , vol.29 , pp. 79-83
    • Humphreys, R.P.1
  • 103
    • 0016335522 scopus 로고
    • Lumbosacral agenesis: management and embryological implications
    • RJ Ignelzi and RAW Lehman (1974) Lumbosacral agenesis: management and embryological implications. J Neurol 37 1273-1276.
    • (1974) J Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 1273-1276
    • Ignelzi, R.J.1    Lehman, R.A.W.2
  • 105
    • 0025941823 scopus 로고
    • Homeotic transformations of murine vertebrae and concomitant alteration of Hox codes induced by retinoic acid
    • M Kessel and P Gruss (1991) Homeotic transformations of murine vertebrae and concomitant alteration of Hox codes induced by retinoic acid. Cell 67 89-104.
    • (1991) Cell , vol.67 , pp. 89-104
    • Kessel, M.1    Gruss, P.2
  • 106
    • 0023762877 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of vertebrate segmentation
    • RJ Keynes and CD Stern (1988) Mechanisms of vertebrate segmentation. Development 103 413-429.
    • (1988) Development , vol.103 , pp. 413-429
    • Keynes, R.J.1    Stern, C.D.2
  • 107
    • 0015345875 scopus 로고
    • Early regionalization of the somitic mesoderm as studied by the development of the axial skeleton of the chick embryo
    • M Kieny, A Mauger and P Sengel (1972) Early regionalization of the somitic mesoderm as studied by the development of the axial skeleton of the chick embryo. Dev Biol 28 142-161.
    • (1972) Dev Biol , vol.28 , pp. 142-161
    • Kieny, M.1    Mauger, A.2    Sengel, P.3
  • 108
    • 0016730801 scopus 로고
    • The classic. A case of absence of cervical vertebrae with the thoracic cage rising to the base of the cranium (cervical thoracic cage)
    • M Klippel and A Feil (1975) The classic. A case of absence of cervical vertebrae with the thoracic cage rising to the base of the cranium (cervical thoracic cage). Clin Orthop Rel Res 109 3-8.
    • (1975) Clin Orthop Rel Res , vol.109 , pp. 3-8
    • Klippel, M.1    Feil, A.2
  • 109
    • 0014411479 scopus 로고
    • Agenesis of the sacrum and the neurogenic bladder
    • WW Koontz and GR Prout (1968) Agenesis of the sacrum and the neurogenic bladder. JAMA 203 139-144.
    • (1968) JAMA , vol.203 , pp. 139-144
    • Koontz, W.W.1    Prout, G.R.2
  • 110
    • 0023619468 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of the cranio-cervical manifestations of the mucopolysaccharidoses
    • MV Kulkarni, JC Willams, JW Yeakley, et al. (1987) Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of the cranio-cervical manifestations of the mucopolysaccharidoses. Magn Res Imaging 5 317.
    • (1987) Magn Res Imaging , vol.5 , pp. 317
    • Kulkarni, M.V.1    Willams, J.C.2    Yeakley, J.W.3
  • 111
    • 0000094342 scopus 로고
    • Management of congenital scoliosis
    • JG Kuhns and RS Hormell (1952) Management of congenital scoliosis. Arch Surg 65 250-263.
    • (1952) Arch Surg , vol.65 , pp. 250-263
    • Kuhns, J.G.1    Hormell, R.S.2
  • 112
    • 84997188939 scopus 로고
    • Cervical spine injuries in children
    • SL Weinstein (Eds), Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven
    • NH Lebwohl and FJ Eismont (1994) Cervical spine injuries in children. SL Weinstein (Eds) The Pediatric Spine Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven 725-741.
    • (1994) The Pediatric Spine , pp. 725-741
    • Lebwohl, N.H.1    Eismont, F.J.2
  • 113
    • 0019724683 scopus 로고
    • Isolated congenital cervical block vertebrae below the axis with neurological symptoms
    • CK Lee and AB Weiss (1981) Isolated congenital cervical block vertebrae below the axis with neurological symptoms. Spine 6 118-124.
    • (1981) Spine , vol.6 , pp. 118-124
    • Lee, C.K.1    Weiss, A.B.2
  • 114
    • 0020083907 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of congenital tumors and malformations of the sacrococcygeal region
    • RJ Lemire and JB Beckwith (1982) Pathogenesis of congenital tumors and malformations of the sacrococcygeal region. Teratology 25 201-213.
    • (1982) Teratology , vol.25 , pp. 201-213
    • Lemire, R.J.1    Beckwith, J.B.2
  • 116
    • 0016814147 scopus 로고
    • The embryopathogenesis of trypan-blue induced spina bifida aperta and short tail in the rat
    • RG Lendon (1975) The embryopathogenesis of trypan-blue induced spina bifida aperta and short tail in the rat. Dev Med Child Neurol 35 3.
    • (1975) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.35 , pp. 3
    • Lendon, R.G.1
  • 117
    • 84944372774 scopus 로고
    • Spinal dysraphism, spina bifida and myelodysplasia
    • BW Lichtenstein (1940) Spinal dysraphism, spina bifida and myelodysplasia. Arch Neurol Psychiatr 44 792-810.
    • (1940) Arch Neurol Psychiatr , vol.44 , pp. 792-810
    • Lichtenstein, B.W.1
  • 118
    • 0017337239 scopus 로고
    • Dysplasia of the odontoid in Morquio's syndrome causing quadriparesis
    • SJ Lipson (1977) Dysplasia of the odontoid in Morquio's syndrome causing quadriparesis. J Bone Joint Surg 59 340-344.
    • (1977) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.59 , pp. 340-344
    • Lipson, S.J.1
  • 119
    • 0013910646 scopus 로고
    • Atlas-dens interval (ADI) in children: a survey based on 200 normal cervical spines
    • GR Locke, JL Gardner and EF Van Epps (1966) Atlas-dens interval (ADI) in children: a survey based on 200 normal cervical spines. Am J Roentgenol 97 135-140.
    • (1966) Am J Roentgenol , vol.97 , pp. 135-140
    • Locke, G.R.1    Gardner, J.L.2    Van Epps, E.F.3
  • 120
    • 0021825116 scopus 로고
    • Comparative development of thoracic intervertebral discs and intra-articular ligaments in the human, monkey, mouse and cat
    • CL Lohse, DM Hyde and DR Benson (1985) Comparative development of thoracic intervertebral discs and intra-articular ligaments in the human, monkey, mouse and cat. Acta Anat 122 220-228.
    • (1985) Acta Anat , vol.122 , pp. 220-228
    • Lohse, C.L.1    Hyde, D.M.2    Benson, D.R.3
  • 121
    • 0002463111 scopus 로고
    • The significance of abnormalities of the cervical spine
    • DL MacRae (1960) The significance of abnormalities of the cervical spine. Am J Roentgenol 84 3-25.
    • (1960) Am J Roentgenol , vol.84 , pp. 3-25
    • MacRae, D.L.1
  • 122
    • 1242302791 scopus 로고
    • Somite necrosis and developmental malformations induced by vitamin A in the golden hamster
    • M Marin-Padilla and VH Ferm (1965) Somite necrosis and developmental malformations induced by vitamin A in the golden hamster. J Embryol Exp Morph 13 1.
    • (1965) J Embryol Exp Morph , vol.13 , pp. 1
    • Marin-Padilla, M.1    Ferm, V.H.2
  • 123
    • 0022540079 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in the diagnosis of upper cervical spinal cord compression
    • PC McAfee, HH Bohlman, JS Han, et al. (1986) Comparison of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in the diagnosis of upper cervical spinal cord compression. Spine 11 295.
    • (1986) Spine , vol.11 , pp. 295
    • McAfee, P.C.1    Bohlman, H.H.2    Han, J.S.3
  • 124
    • 0015622595 scopus 로고
    • Klippel-Feil syndrome
    • E McElfresh and R Winter (1973) Klippel-Feil syndrome. Minn Med 56 353-357.
    • (1973) Minn Med , vol.56 , pp. 353-357
    • McElfresh, E.1    Winter, R.2
  • 125
    • 33747576203 scopus 로고
    • The significance of certain measurements of the skull in the diagnosis of basilar impression
    • M McGregor (1948) The significance of certain measurements of the skull in the diagnosis of basilar impression. Br J Radiol 21 1712.
    • (1948) Br J Radiol , vol.21 , pp. 1712
    • McGregor, M.1
  • 126
    • 0017078220 scopus 로고
    • Rib anomalies in myelodysplasia
    • JE McLennan (1976) Rib anomalies in myelodysplasia. Biol Neonate 29 129-141.
    • (1976) Biol Neonate , vol.29 , pp. 129-141
    • McLennan, J.E.1
  • 127
    • 0021247369 scopus 로고
    • Occult intraspinal anomalies and congenital scoliosis
    • MJ McMaster (1984) Occult intraspinal anomalies and congenital scoliosis. J Bone J Surg 66A 588-601.
    • (1984) J Bone J Surg , vol.66A , pp. 588-601
    • McMaster, M.J.1
  • 128
    • 0022543083 scopus 로고
    • Hemivertebrae as a cause of scoliosis: a study of 104 patients
    • MJ McMaster and CV David (1986) Hemivertebrae as a cause of scoliosis: a study of 104 patients. J Bone Joint Surg 68 588-595.
    • (1986) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.68 , pp. 588-595
    • McMaster, M.J.1    David, C.V.2
  • 129
    • 0020458973 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of congenital scoliosis: a study of 251 patients
    • MJ McMaster and K Oktsuka (1982) The natural history of congenital scoliosis: a study of 251 patients. J Bone Joint Surg 64A 1128-1147.
    • (1982) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.64A , pp. 1128-1147
    • McMaster, M.J.1    Oktsuka, K.2
  • 130
    • 0001685624 scopus 로고
    • Bony abnormalities in the region of the foramen magnum: correction of the anatomic and neurologic findings
    • DL McRae (1953) Bony abnormalities in the region of the foramen magnum: correction of the anatomic and neurologic findings. Acta Radiol 40 335.
    • (1953) Acta Radiol , vol.40 , pp. 335
    • McRae, D.L.1
  • 131
    • 78651032874 scopus 로고
    • Occipitalization of the atlas
    • DL McRae and AS Barnum (1953) Occipitalization of the atlas. Am J Roentgenol 70 23-46.
    • (1953) Am J Roentgenol , vol.70 , pp. 23-46
    • McRae, D.L.1    Barnum, A.S.2
  • 132
    • 0017409251 scopus 로고
    • Prenatal development of thoracic intervertebral articulation
    • M Med (1975) Prenatal development of thoracic intervertebral articulation. Folia Morphol 25 175-177.
    • (1975) Folia Morphol , vol.25 , pp. 175-177
    • Med, M.1
  • 133
    • 0011865548 scopus 로고
    • Developmental and acquired abnormalities of the craniovertebral junction
    • JC VanGilder, AH Menezes, KD Dolan (Eds), NY: Karger
    • AH Menezes (1987) Developmental and acquired abnormalities of the craniovertebral junction. JC VanGilder, AH Menezes, KD Dolan (Eds) The Craniovertebral Junction and Its Abnormalities NY: Karger 109-158.
    • (1987) The Craniovertebral Junction and Its Abnormalities , pp. 109-158
    • Menezes, A.H.1
  • 134
    • 33847401213 scopus 로고
    • Bony abnormalities of the craniovertebral junction
    • D Pang (Eds), Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven
    • AH Menezes (1995) Bony abnormalities of the craniovertebral junction. D Pang (Eds) Disorders of the Pediatric Spine Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven 97-110.
    • (1995) Disorders of the Pediatric Spine , pp. 97-110
    • Menezes, A.H.1
  • 135
    • 4243215573 scopus 로고
    • Os odontoideum—pathogenesis, dynamics and management
    • AE Marlin (Eds), Basel: Karger
    • AH Menezes (1995) Os odontoideum—pathogenesis, dynamics and management. AE Marlin (Eds) Concepts in Pediatric Neurosurgery Basel: Karger 133-145.
    • (1995) Concepts in Pediatric Neurosurgery , pp. 133-145
    • Menezes, A.H.1
  • 136
    • 0002061593 scopus 로고
    • Craniovertebral junction abnormalities
    • SL Weinstein (Eds), Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven
    • AH Menezes and TC Ryken (1994) Craniovertebral junction abnormalities. SL Weinstein (Eds) The Pediatric Spine: Principles and Practice Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven 307-321.
    • (1994) The Pediatric Spine: Principles and Practice , pp. 307-321
    • Menezes, A.H.1    Ryken, T.C.2
  • 137
    • 0002207520 scopus 로고
    • Syringomyelia, Chiari malformations, and hydromyelia
    • JR Youmans (Eds), Philadelphia: WB Saunders
    • AH Menezes, WRK Smoker and GN Dyste (1990) Syringomyelia, Chiari malformations, and hydromyelia. JR Youmans (Eds) Neurological Surgery Philadelphia: WB Saunders 1421-1459.
    • (1990) Neurological Surgery , pp. 1421-1459
    • Menezes, A.H.1    Smoker, W.R.K.2    Dyste, G.N.3
  • 138
    • 0001599264 scopus 로고
    • Anomalies of the craniovertebral junction
    • JR Youmans (Eds), Philadelphia: WB Saunders
    • AH Menezes and JC VanGilder (1990) Anomalies of the craniovertebral junction. JR Youmans (Eds) Neurological Surgery Philadelphia: WB Saunders 1359-1420.
    • (1990) Neurological Surgery , pp. 1359-1420
    • Menezes, A.H.1    VanGilder, J.C.2
  • 139
    • 0016751271 scopus 로고
    • Malignant teratoma arising within a lipomyelomeningocele
    • J Mickle and J McLennan (1975) Malignant teratoma arising within a lipomyelomeningocele. J Neurosurg 43 761-763.
    • (1975) J Neurosurg , vol.43 , pp. 761-763
    • Mickle, J.1    McLennan, J.2
  • 140
    • 0027370939 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and treatment of diastematomyelia
    • A Miller, JT Guille and JR Bowen (1993) Evaluation and treatment of diastematomyelia. J Bone Joint Surg 75A 1308-1317.
    • (1993) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.75A , pp. 1308-1317
    • Miller, A.1    Guille, J.T.2    Bowen, J.R.3
  • 141
    • 0019965802 scopus 로고
    • Congenital kyphosis
    • SP Montgomery and JE Hall (1982) Congenital kyphosis. Spine 7 223-274.
    • (1982) Spine , vol.7 , pp. 223-274
    • Montgomery, S.P.1    Hall, J.E.2
  • 143
    • 0016789698 scopus 로고
    • Genitourinary anomalies associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome
    • WB Moore, TJ Matthews and R Rabinowitz (1975) Genitourinary anomalies associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg 57A 355-357.
    • (1975) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.57A , pp. 355-357
    • Moore, W.B.1    Matthews, T.J.2    Rabinowitz, R.3
  • 144
    • 0022922026 scopus 로고
    • Prenatal diagnosis and pathoanatomy of iniencephaly
    • I Morocz, GT Szeifert, P Molnar, et al. (1986) Prenatal diagnosis and pathoanatomy of iniencephaly. Clin Genet 30 81-86.
    • (1986) Clin Genet , vol.30 , pp. 81-86
    • Morocz, I.1    Szeifert, G.T.2    Molnar, P.3
  • 145
    • 0026704674 scopus 로고
    • Scoliosis in pediatric Chiari malformations without myelodysplasia
    • MG Muhonen, AH Menezes, PD Sawin, et al. (1992) Scoliosis in pediatric Chiari malformations without myelodysplasia. J Neurosurg 77 69-77.
    • (1992) J Neurosurg , vol.77 , pp. 69-77
    • Muhonen, M.G.1    Menezes, A.H.2    Sawin, P.D.3
  • 146
    • 0022922797 scopus 로고
    • The early origin of vertebral anomalies, as illustrated by a “Butterfly Vertebra.”
    • F Muller, RO O'Rahilly and DR Benson (1986) The early origin of vertebral anomalies, as illustrated by a “Butterfly Vertebra.”. J Anat 149 157-169.
    • (1986) J Anat , vol.149 , pp. 157-169
    • Muller, F.1    O'Rahilly, R.O.2    Benson, D.R.3
  • 147
    • 0014849408 scopus 로고
    • Atlanto-axial dislocation due to agenesis of the os odontoideum or odontoid
    • C Nagashima (1970) Atlanto-axial dislocation due to agenesis of the os odontoideum or odontoid. J Neurosurg 33 270-280.
    • (1970) J Neurosurg , vol.33 , pp. 270-280
    • Nagashima, C.1
  • 148
    • 0021259599 scopus 로고
    • Identification and management of high-risk patients with Klippel-Feil syndrome
    • MG Nagib, RE Maxwell and SN Chou (1984) Identification and management of high-risk patients with Klippel-Feil syndrome. J Neurosurg 61 523-530.
    • (1984) J Neurosurg , vol.61 , pp. 523-530
    • Nagib, M.G.1    Maxwell, R.E.2    Chou, S.N.3
  • 149
    • 0016785720 scopus 로고
    • Progression of congenital scoliosis due to hemivertebrae and hemivertebrae with bars
    • RJ Nasca, FH Stilling and HH Stul (1975) Progression of congenital scoliosis due to hemivertebrae and hemivertebrae with bars. J Bone Joint Surg 57A 456-466.
    • (1975) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.57A , pp. 456-466
    • Nasca, R.J.1    Stilling, F.H.2    Stul, H.H.3
  • 151
    • 0001917409 scopus 로고
    • The etiology of spondylolisthesis
    • PH Newman (1963) The etiology of spondylolisthesis. J Bone Joint Surg 45B 39-59.
    • (1963) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.45B , pp. 39-59
    • Newman, P.H.1
  • 152
    • 0017234162 scopus 로고
    • Stenosis of the lumbar spine in spondylolisthesis
    • PH Newman (1976) Stenosis of the lumbar spine in spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop 115 116-121.
    • (1976) Clin Orthop , vol.115 , pp. 116-121
    • Newman, P.H.1
  • 154
    • 85192329176 scopus 로고
    • Sequences of appearance of ossification centers in the human skeleton during the first five prenatal months
    • CR Noback and GG Robertson (1969) Sequences of appearance of ossification centers in the human skeleton during the first five prenatal months. Am J Anat 89 128.
    • (1969) Am J Anat , vol.89 , pp. 128
    • Noback, C.R.1    Robertson, G.G.2
  • 155
    • 0019487159 scopus 로고
    • Sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors in children: an updated experience with 118 patients
    • J Noseworthy, EE Lack, HPW Kozakewich, et al. (1981) Sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors in children: an updated experience with 118 patients. J Pediatr Surg 16(3), 358-364.
    • (1981) J Pediatr Surg , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 358-364
    • Noseworthy, J.1    Lack, E.E.2    Kozakewich, H.P.W.3
  • 156
    • 0018639579 scopus 로고
    • The timing and sequence of events in the development of the vertebral column during the embryonic period proper
    • R O'Rahilly and DB Meyer (1979) The timing and sequence of events in the development of the vertebral column during the embryonic period proper. Anat Embryol 157 167-176.
    • (1979) Anat Embryol , vol.157 , pp. 167-176
    • O'Rahilly, R.1    Meyer, D.B.2
  • 158
    • 0025105145 scopus 로고
    • The human vertebral column at the end of the embryonic period proper 3. The thoracicolumbar region
    • R O'Rahilly, F Muller and DB Meyer (1990) The human vertebral column at the end of the embryonic period proper 3. The thoracicolumbar region. J Anat 168 81-93.
    • (1990) J Anat , vol.168 , pp. 81-93
    • O'Rahilly, R.1    Muller, F.2    Meyer, D.B.3
  • 159
    • 0038299843 scopus 로고
    • Development and maturation of the axial skeleton
    • SL Weinstein (Eds), Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven
    • JA Ogden, TM Ganey, J Sasse, et al. (1994) Development and maturation of the axial skeleton. SL Weinstein (Eds) The Pediatric Spine: Principles and Practice Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven 3-69.
    • (1994) The Pediatric Spine: Principles and Practice , pp. 3-69
    • Ogden, J.A.1    Ganey, T.M.2    Sasse, J.3
  • 160
    • 0025191052 scopus 로고
    • Identical embryopathogenesis for exencephaly and myeloschisis; an experimental study
    • S Oi, T Kokunai, Y Okuda, et al. (1990) Identical embryopathogenesis for exencephaly and myeloschisis; an experimental study. J Neurosurg 72 450.
    • (1990) J Neurosurg , vol.72 , pp. 450
    • Oi, S.1    Kokunai, T.2    Okuda, Y.3
  • 161
    • 0023938720 scopus 로고
    • A hypothesis for myeloschisis: overgrowth and reopening
    • S Oi, H Saya and S Matsumoto (1988) A hypothesis for myeloschisis: overgrowth and reopening. J Neurosurg 68 947.
    • (1988) J Neurosurg , vol.68 , pp. 947
    • Oi, S.1    Saya, H.2    Matsumoto, S.3
  • 163
    • 0017295599 scopus 로고
    • Clinical feature of lumbar spinal stenosis
    • KWE Paine (1976) Clinical feature of lumbar spinal stenosis. Clin Orthop Rel Res 115 77-82.
    • (1976) Clin Orthop Rel Res , vol.115 , pp. 77-82
    • Paine, K.W.E.1
  • 164
    • 0028907674 scopus 로고
    • Surgical complications of open spinal dysraphism
    • D Pang (1995) Surgical complications of open spinal dysraphism. Neurosurg Clin North Am 6(2), 243-257.
    • (1995) Neurosurg Clin North Am , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 243-257
    • Pang, D.1
  • 165
    • 0026743131 scopus 로고
    • Split cord malformation: Part II: clinical syndrome
    • D Pang (1992) Split cord malformation: Part II: clinical syndrome. Neurosurgery 31 481-500.
    • (1992) Neurosurgery , vol.31 , pp. 481-500
    • Pang, D.1
  • 166
    • 0027154059 scopus 로고
    • Sacral agenesis and caudal spinal cord malformations
    • D Pang (1993) Sacral agenesis and caudal spinal cord malformations. Neurosurgery 32(5), 755-779.
    • (1993) Neurosurgery , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 755-779
    • Pang, D.1
  • 167
    • 0026761517 scopus 로고
    • Split cord malformation: Part I: a unified theory of embryogenesis for double spinal cord malformations
    • D Pang, MS Dias and M Ahab-Barmada (1992) Split cord malformation: Part I: a unified theory of embryogenesis for double spinal cord malformations. Neurosurgery 31 451-480.
    • (1992) Neurosurgery , vol.31 , pp. 451-480
    • Pang, D.1    Dias, M.S.2    Ahab-Barmada, M.3
  • 168
    • 0024347943 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord injury within radiographic abnormality in children: The SCIOWORA syndrome
    • D Pang and IF Pollacv (1989) Spinal cord injury within radiographic abnormality in children: The SCIOWORA syndrome. J Trauma 29 654-664.
    • (1989) J Trauma , vol.29 , pp. 654-664
    • Pang, D.1    Pollacv, I.F.2
  • 169
    • 0019966211 scopus 로고
    • Tethered cord syndrome in adults
    • D Pang and JE Wilberger (1982) Tethered cord syndrome in adults. J Neurosurg 57 32-47.
    • (1982) J Neurosurg , vol.57 , pp. 32-47
    • Pang, D.1    Wilberger, J.E.2
  • 170
    • 0017198126 scopus 로고
    • Retroperitoneal teratoma: historical review
    • E Pantoja, R Llobert and B Gonzals-Flores (1976) Retroperitoneal teratoma: historical review. J Urol 115 520-523.
    • (1976) J Urol , vol.115 , pp. 520-523
    • Pantoja, E.1    Llobert, R.2    Gonzals-Flores, B.3
  • 171
    • 0347969557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the spine
    • HN Herkowitz, SR Garfin, RA Balderston, et al., (Eds), ed 4, Philadelphia: WB Saunders
    • WW Parke (1999) Development of the spine. HN Herkowitz, SR Garfin, RA Balderston, et al., (Eds) Rothman–Simeone: The Spine ed 4 Philadelphia: WB Saunders
    • (1999) Rothman–Simeone: The Spine
    • Parke, W.W.1
  • 172
    • 0000046970 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the pre-natal development of the intervertebral disc in man
    • A Peacock (1960) Observations on the pre-natal development of the intervertebral disc in man. J Anat 85 260-274.
    • (1960) J Anat , vol.85 , pp. 260-274
    • Peacock, A.1
  • 173
    • 0015864533 scopus 로고
    • Radiologic evaluation of the spinal cord in congenital atlantoaxial dislocation
    • NM Perovic, SE Kopits and RC Thompson (1973) Radiologic evaluation of the spinal cord in congenital atlantoaxial dislocation. Radiology 109 713-716.
    • (1973) Radiology , vol.109 , pp. 713-716
    • Perovic, N.M.1    Kopits, S.E.2    Thompson, R.C.3
  • 175
    • 0016744549 scopus 로고
    • A prospective search for congenital dermal abnormalities of the craniospinal axis
    • KR Powell, JD Cherry, TJ Hougen, et al. (1975) A prospective search for congenital dermal abnormalities of the craniospinal axis. J Pediatr 87 744-750.
    • (1975) J Pediatr , vol.87 , pp. 744-750
    • Powell, K.R.1    Cherry, J.D.2    Hougen, T.J.3
  • 176
    • 0024269806 scopus 로고
    • Klippel-Feil anomaly with sacral agenesis; an additional subtype, type IV
    • A Raas-Rothschild, RM Goodman, M Grunbaum, et al. (1988) Klippel-Feil anomaly with sacral agenesis; an additional subtype, type IV. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 8 297-301.
    • (1988) J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol , vol.8 , pp. 297-301
    • Raas-Rothschild, A.1    Goodman, R.M.2    Grunbaum, M.3
  • 178
    • 0018185062 scopus 로고
    • Sacral agenesis: a classification and review of twenty-three cases
    • TS Renshaw (1978) Sacral agenesis: a classification and review of twenty-three cases. J Bone Joint Surg 60A 373-383.
    • (1978) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.60A , pp. 373-383
    • Renshaw, T.S.1
  • 179
    • 0017280480 scopus 로고
    • Acquired os odontoideum following acute ligament injury. Report of a case
    • JE Ricciardi, H Kaufer and DS Louis (1976) Acquired os odontoideum following acute ligament injury. Report of a case. J Bone Joint Surg 58A 410-412.
    • (1976) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.58A , pp. 410-412
    • Ricciardi, J.E.1    Kaufer, H.2    Louis, D.S.3
  • 180
    • 0021268009 scopus 로고
    • Atlanto-axial instability and spinal cord compression in children. Diagnosis by computerized tomography
    • JW Roach, D Duncan, DR Wenger, et al. (1984) Atlanto-axial instability and spinal cord compression in children. Diagnosis by computerized tomography. J Bone Joint Surg 66A 708.
    • (1984) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.66A , pp. 708
    • Roach, J.W.1    Duncan, D.2    Wenger, D.R.3
  • 182
    • 0020986848 scopus 로고
    • The embryology and neuropathology of congenital malformations
    • U Roessmann (1983) The embryology and neuropathology of congenital malformations. Clin Neurosurg 30 157-164.
    • (1983) Clin Neurosurg , vol.30 , pp. 157-164
    • Roessmann, U.1
  • 183
    • 0015026419 scopus 로고
    • Lipomas of the spinal cord and cauda equina
    • HM Rogers, DM Long, SN Chou, et al. (1971) Lipomas of the spinal cord and cauda equina. J Neurosurg 34 349-354.
    • (1971) J Neurosurg , vol.34 , pp. 349-354
    • Rogers, H.M.1    Long, D.M.2    Chou, S.N.3
  • 184
    • 0017257671 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of trypan-blue-induced spina bifida
    • J Rokos, E Cekanova and E Kithierova (1976) Pathogenesis of trypan-blue-induced spina bifida. J Pathol 118 25-34.
    • (1976) J Pathol , vol.118 , pp. 25-34
    • Rokos, J.1    Cekanova, E.2    Kithierova, E.3
  • 185
    • 0017273528 scopus 로고
    • An experimental contribution to the pathogenesis of spina bifida
    • J Rokos and J Knowles (1976) An experimental contribution to the pathogenesis of spina bifida. J Pathol 118 21-24.
    • (1976) J Pathol , vol.118 , pp. 21-24
    • Rokos, J.1    Knowles, J.2
  • 186
    • 0019350031 scopus 로고
    • The incidence of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in nonambulatory patients
    • NJ Rosenberg, WL Bargar and B Friedman (1981) The incidence of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in nonambulatory patients. Spine 6 35-37.
    • (1981) Spine , vol.6 , pp. 35-37
    • Rosenberg, N.J.1    Bargar, W.L.2    Friedman, B.3
  • 187
    • 77049132769 scopus 로고
    • The etiology of separate neural arch
    • GG Rowe and MB Roche (1953) The etiology of separate neural arch. J Bone Joint Surg 35A 102-109.
    • (1953) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.35A , pp. 102-109
    • Rowe, G.G.1    Roche, M.B.2
  • 188
    • 0000973443 scopus 로고
    • Congenital spinal anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers
    • SL Rusnak and SG Driscoll (1965) Congenital spinal anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers. Pediatrics 35 989-995.
    • (1965) Pediatrics , vol.35 , pp. 989-995
    • Rusnak, S.L.1    Driscoll, S.G.2
  • 189
    • 0005581975 scopus 로고
    • Congenital absence of the sacrum and lumbar vertebrae with prosthetic management
    • HE Russell and GT Aitken (1963) Congenital absence of the sacrum and lumbar vertebrae with prosthetic management. J Bone Joint Surg 45A 501-508.
    • (1963) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.45A , pp. 501-508
    • Russell, H.E.1    Aitken, G.T.2
  • 190
    • 0025099360 scopus 로고
    • Prenatal ultrasonic detection of anomalies with a lethal or disastrous outcome
    • RC Sanders (1990) Prenatal ultrasonic detection of anomalies with a lethal or disastrous outcome. Radiol Clin North Am 28 163-177.
    • (1990) Radiol Clin North Am , vol.28 , pp. 163-177
    • Sanders, R.C.1
  • 191
    • 0026716706 scopus 로고
    • Neural tube defect etiology: new evidence concerning maternal hyperthermia, health and diet
    • MK Sandford, GE Kissling and PE Joubert (1992) Neural tube defect etiology: new evidence concerning maternal hyperthermia, health and diet. Dev Med Child Neurol 34 661-675.
    • (1992) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.34 , pp. 661-675
    • Sandford, M.K.1    Kissling, G.E.2    Joubert, P.E.3
  • 192
    • 0017042987 scopus 로고
    • Sacral agenesis: neurologic and neuropathologic features
    • HB Sarnat, ME Case and R Graviss (1976) Sacral agenesis: neurologic and neuropathologic features. Neurology 26 1124-1129.
    • (1976) Neurology , vol.26 , pp. 1124-1129
    • Sarnat, H.B.1    Case, M.E.2    Graviss, R.3
  • 193
    • 0003001605 scopus 로고
    • Congenital stricture of the spinal canal
    • MA Sarpyener (1945) Congenital stricture of the spinal canal. J Bone Joint Surg 27A 70-79.
    • (1945) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.27A , pp. 70-79
    • Sarpyener, M.A.1
  • 194
    • 0004752152 scopus 로고
    • Spina bifida aperta and congenital stricture of the spinal canal
    • MA Sarpyener (1947) Spina bifida aperta and congenital stricture of the spinal canal. J Bone Joint Surg 29 817-821.
    • (1947) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.29 , pp. 817-821
    • Sarpyener, M.A.1
  • 195
    • 0001518536 scopus 로고
    • Combined anterior and posterior spina bifida in a living neonatal human female
    • RL Saunders (1943) Combined anterior and posterior spina bifida in a living neonatal human female. Anat Rec 87 255-278.
    • (1943) Anat Rec , vol.87 , pp. 255-278
    • Saunders, R.L.1
  • 197
    • 0026722167 scopus 로고
    • Sacrococcygeal teratoma: the experience of four decades
    • KP Schropp, TE Lobe, B Roa, et al. (1992) Sacrococcygeal teratoma: the experience of four decades. J Pediatr Surg 27(8), 1075-1079.
    • (1992) J Pediatr Surg , vol.27 , Issue.8 , pp. 1075-1079
    • Schropp, K.P.1    Lobe, T.E.2    Roa, B.3
  • 198
    • 0003250753 scopus 로고
    • The development of the occiput and cervical segments and their associated structures in human embryos
    • EC Sensenig (1957) The development of the occiput and cervical segments and their associated structures in human embryos. Contr Embryol Carneg Inst 36 143-151.
    • (1957) Contr Embryol Carneg Inst , vol.36 , pp. 143-151
    • Sensenig, E.C.1
  • 199
    • 2442744466 scopus 로고
    • Congenital deformities of the spine: an analysis of the roentgenograms of 700 children
    • AR Shands and WD Bundens (1956) Congenital deformities of the spine: an analysis of the roentgenograms of 700 children. Bull Hosp J Dis 17 110-133.
    • (1956) Bull Hosp J Dis , vol.17 , pp. 110-133
    • Shands, A.R.1    Bundens, W.D.2
  • 200
    • 0016990489 scopus 로고
    • Anomalies of the craniovertebral border
    • R Shapiro and F Robinson (1976) Anomalies of the craniovertebral border. Am J Roentgenol 127 281-287.
    • (1976) Am J Roentgenol , vol.127 , pp. 281-287
    • Shapiro, R.1    Robinson, F.2
  • 201
    • 0141817047 scopus 로고
    • Congenital bony anomalies of the cervical spine
    • JW Frymoyer (Eds), Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven
    • HH Sherk and GS Uppal (1991) Congenital bony anomalies of the cervical spine. JW Frymoyer (Eds) The Adult Spine, Principles and Practice Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven 1015-1037.
    • (1991) The Adult Spine, Principles and Practice , pp. 1015-1037
    • Sherk, H.H.1    Uppal, G.S.2
  • 202
    • 0015296510 scopus 로고
    • Intramedullary enterogenous cyst
    • WI Silvernail and RB Brown (1972) Intramedullary enterogenous cyst. J Neurosurg 36 235-238.
    • (1972) J Neurosurg , vol.36 , pp. 235-238
    • Silvernail, W.I.1    Brown, R.B.2
  • 203
    • 0028222241 scopus 로고
    • Congenital scoliosis of the cervical or cervicothoracic spine
    • MD Smith (1994) Congenital scoliosis of the cervical or cervicothoracic spine. Orthop Clin North Am 25(2), 301-310.
    • (1994) Orthop Clin North Am , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 301-310
    • Smith, M.D.1
  • 204
    • 0028353878 scopus 로고
    • Human PAX gene expression and development of the vertebral column
    • CA Smith and RS Tuan (1994) Human PAX gene expression and development of the vertebral column. Clin Orthop 302 241-250.
    • (1994) Clin Orthop , vol.302 , pp. 241-250
    • Smith, C.A.1    Tuan, R.S.2
  • 205
    • 0029554555 scopus 로고
    • Functional involvement of Pax-1 gene in somite development. Somite dysmorphogenesis in chick embryos treated with Pax-1 paired-box antisense oligonucleotide
    • CA Smith and RS Tuan (1995) Functional involvement of Pax-1 gene in somite development. Somite dysmorphogenesis in chick embryos treated with Pax-1 paired-box antisense oligonucleotide. Teratology 52 333-345.
    • (1995) Teratology , vol.52 , pp. 333-345
    • Smith, C.A.1    Tuan, R.S.2
  • 208
    • 0002946914 scopus 로고
    • Developmental abnormalities in the region of the foramen magnum
    • JD Spillane, C Pallis and AM Jones (1957) Developmental abnormalities in the region of the foramen magnum. Brain 80 11-48.
    • (1957) Brain , vol.80 , pp. 11-48
    • Spillane, J.D.1    Pallis, C.2    Jones, A.M.3
  • 209
    • 84941827709 scopus 로고
    • Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita
    • G Fischer (Eds), Stuttgart: Verlag
    • J Spranger, LO Langer and HR Wiedemann (1974) Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita. G Fischer (Eds) Bone Dysplasia Stuttgart: Verlag 95-103.
    • (1974) Bone Dysplasia , pp. 95-103
    • Spranger, J.1    Langer, L.O.2    Wiedemann, H.R.3
  • 210
    • 0014735194 scopus 로고
    • Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita
    • JW Spranger and LO Langer (1970) Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita. Radiology 94 313-322.
    • (1970) Radiology , vol.94 , pp. 313-322
    • Spranger, J.W.1    Langer, L.O.2
  • 212
    • 0002914349 scopus 로고
    • Myelopathy caused by atlantoaxial dislocation
    • J Stratford (1957) Myelopathy caused by atlantoaxial dislocation. J Neurosurg 14 97-104.
    • (1957) J Neurosurg , vol.14 , pp. 97-104
    • Stratford, J.1
  • 213
    • 0016827722 scopus 로고
    • Traumatic quadriplegia associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome: discussion and case reports
    • TE Strax and E Baran (1975) Traumatic quadriplegia associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome: discussion and case reports. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 56 363-365.
    • (1975) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.56 , pp. 363-365
    • Strax, T.E.1    Baran, E.2
  • 214
    • 0014581880 scopus 로고
    • Rib development in chick embryos analyzed by means of tantalum foil blocks
    • RM Sweeney and RI Watterson (1970) Rib development in chick embryos analyzed by means of tantalum foil blocks. Am J Anat 126 127-150.
    • (1970) Am J Anat , vol.126 , pp. 127-150
    • Sweeney, R.M.1    Watterson, R.I.2
  • 215
    • 8044256493 scopus 로고
    • Die basilare impression
    • A Tanzer (1956) Die basilare impression. Radiol Clin 25 135-142.
    • (1956) Radiol Clin , vol.25 , pp. 135-142
    • Tanzer, A.1
  • 216
    • 0028968448 scopus 로고
    • Experimental study of the embryogenesis of open spinal dysraphism
    • S Urui and S Oi (1995) Experimental study of the embryogenesis of open spinal dysraphism. Neurosurg Clin North Am 6(2), 195-202.
    • (1995) Neurosurg Clin North Am , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-202
    • Urui, S.1    Oi, S.2
  • 217
    • 0019503538 scopus 로고
    • Sacrococcygeal teratomas: a review of 68 cases
    • RO Valdiserri and JY Eduardo (1981) Sacrococcygeal teratomas: a review of 68 cases. Cancer 48 217-221.
    • (1981) Cancer , vol.48 , pp. 217-221
    • Valdiserri, R.O.1    Eduardo, J.Y.2
  • 218
    • 85192331702 scopus 로고
    • The Klippel-Feil syndrome: a constellation of deformities
    • MF VanKerckhoven and G Fabry (1955) The Klippel-Feil syndrome: a constellation of deformities. Acta Orthop Belg 1981 107-118.
    • (1955) Acta Orthop Belg , vol.1981 , pp. 107-118
    • VanKerckhoven, M.F.1    Fabry, G.2
  • 219
    • 77049234022 scopus 로고
    • Further experiences on the pathological influence of a developmental narrowness of the bony lumbar vertebral canal
    • H Verbiest (1955) Further experiences on the pathological influence of a developmental narrowness of the bony lumbar vertebral canal. J Bone Joint Surg 37B 576-583.
    • (1955) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.37B , pp. 576-583
    • Verbiest, H.1
  • 220
    • 0016636689 scopus 로고
    • Pathomorphologic aspects of developmental lumbar stenosis
    • H Verbiest (1975) Pathomorphologic aspects of developmental lumbar stenosis. Orthop Clin North Am 6 177-196.
    • (1975) Orthop Clin North Am , vol.6 , pp. 177-196
    • Verbiest, H.1
  • 221
    • 0017042578 scopus 로고
    • Fallacies of the present definition, nomenclature and classification of the stenoses of the lumbar vertebral canal
    • H Verbiest (1976) Fallacies of the present definition, nomenclature and classification of the stenoses of the lumbar vertebral canal. Spine 1 217-225.
    • (1976) Spine , vol.1 , pp. 217-225
    • Verbiest, H.1
  • 222
    • 0017736226 scopus 로고
    • Results of surgical treatment of idiopathic developmental stenosis of the lumbar vertebral canal. A review of twenty-seven years experience
    • H Verbiest (1977) Results of surgical treatment of idiopathic developmental stenosis of the lumbar vertebral canal. A review of twenty-seven years experience. J Bone Joint Surg 59B 181-188.
    • (1977) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.59B , pp. 181-188
    • Verbiest, H.1
  • 223
    • 0002782305 scopus 로고
    • Lumbar spinal stenosis. Morphology, classification and long-term results
    • JN Weinstein, SW Wiesel (Eds), Philadelphia: WB Saunders
    • H Verbiest (1990) Lumbar spinal stenosis. Morphology, classification and long-term results. JN Weinstein, SW Wiesel (Eds) The Lumbar Spine Philadelphia: WB Saunders 546-589.
    • (1990) The Lumbar Spine , pp. 546-589
    • Verbiest, H.1
  • 224
    • 85192298937 scopus 로고
    • The significance and principles of computerized axial tomography in idiopathic developmental stenosis of the bony lumbar vertebral canal
    • H Verbiest (1990) The significance and principles of computerized axial tomography in idiopathic developmental stenosis of the bony lumbar vertebral canal. Spine 4 546-589.
    • (1990) Spine , vol.4 , pp. 546-589
    • Verbiest, H.1
  • 225
    • 0021997509 scopus 로고
    • The development of the vertebral column
    • AJ Verbout (1985) The development of the vertebral column. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 90 1-122.
    • (1985) Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol , vol.90 , pp. 1-122
    • Verbout, A.J.1
  • 226
    • 0022089627 scopus 로고
    • Spinal dysraphism—a review
    • DM Vogter and HH Kaufman (1985) Spinal dysraphism—a review. W V Med J 81 142-143.
    • (1985) W V Med J , vol.81 , pp. 142-143
    • Vogter, D.M.1    Kaufman, H.H.2
  • 227
    • 0003778832 scopus 로고
    • The upper cervical spine. Regional anatomy, pathology and traumatology
    • Georg, Thieme, Verlag (Eds), New York: Grune & Stratton
    • D VonTorkus and W Gehle (1972) The upper cervical spine. Regional anatomy, pathology and traumatology. Georg, Thieme, Verlag (Eds) A Systemic Radiological Atlas and Textbook New York: Grune & Stratton 2-77.
    • (1972) A Systemic Radiological Atlas and Textbook , pp. 2-77
    • VonTorkus, D.1    Gehle, W.2
  • 228
    • 17144434970 scopus 로고
    • A radiologic diagnosis of congenital forms, intermittent forms and progressive forms of stenosis of the spinal canal of the level of the atlas
    • A Wackenheim (1969) A radiologic diagnosis of congenital forms, intermittent forms and progressive forms of stenosis of the spinal canal of the level of the atlas. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh) 9 481-486.
    • (1969) Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh) , vol.9 , pp. 481-486
    • Wackenheim, A.1
  • 229
    • 0021831892 scopus 로고
    • The intrinsic vasculature of developing vertebral end plates and its nutritive significance to the intervertebral discs
    • JL Whalen, WW Parke, JM Mazur, et al. (1985) The intrinsic vasculature of developing vertebral end plates and its nutritive significance to the intervertebral discs. J Pediatr Orthop 5 403-410.
    • (1985) J Pediatr Orthop , vol.5 , pp. 403-410
    • Whalen, J.L.1    Parke, W.W.2    Mazur, J.M.3
  • 230
    • 0028301884 scopus 로고
    • The role of Pax-1 in axial development
    • J Whalin, J Whilting, H Koseki, et al. (1994) The role of Pax-1 in axial development. Development 120 1109-1121.
    • (1994) Development , vol.120 , pp. 1109-1121
    • Whalin, J.1    Whilting, J.2    Koseki, H.3
  • 231
    • 4243869244 scopus 로고
    • Congenital anomalies of the base of the skull and the atlanto-axial joint
    • MB Camins, PF O'Leary (Eds), Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins
    • TS Whitecloud and MR Brinker (1992) Congenital anomalies of the base of the skull and the atlanto-axial joint. MB Camins, PF O'Leary (Eds) Disorders of the Cervical Spine Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins 199-211.
    • (1992) Disorders of the Cervical Spine , pp. 199-211
    • Whitecloud, T.S.1    Brinker, M.R.2
  • 232
    • 0017366577 scopus 로고
    • Difficult labor as a cause of communicating syringomyelia
    • B Williams (1977) Difficult labor as a cause of communicating syringomyelia. Lancet 2 51-53.
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 51-53
    • Williams, B.1
  • 233
    • 0018687902 scopus 로고
    • Orthopaedic feature in the presentation of syringomyelia
    • B Williams (1979) Orthopaedic feature in the presentation of syringomyelia. J Bone Joint Surg 61B 314-323.
    • (1979) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.61B , pp. 314-323
    • Williams, B.1
  • 234
    • 0019207153 scopus 로고
    • On the pathogenesis of syringomyelia: a review
    • B Williams (1980) On the pathogenesis of syringomyelia: a review. J R Soc Med 73 798-806.
    • (1980) J R Soc Med , vol.73 , pp. 798-806
    • Williams, B.1
  • 236
    • 0016965688 scopus 로고
    • Classification of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis
    • LL Wiltse, PH Newman and I Macnab (1976) Classification of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop 117 23-29.
    • (1976) Clin Orthop , vol.117 , pp. 23-29
    • Wiltse, L.L.1    Newman, P.H.2    Macnab, I.3
  • 237
    • 0003059215 scopus 로고
    • Spondylolisthesis: classification, diagnosis, and natural history
    • LL Wiltse and LG Rothman (1989) Spondylolisthesis: classification, diagnosis, and natural history. Semin Spine Surg 1 78-94.
    • (1989) Semin Spine Surg , vol.1 , pp. 78-94
    • Wiltse, L.L.1    Rothman, L.G.2
  • 239
    • 0025134258 scopus 로고
    • Case report: surgical correction of congenital thoracic lordosis
    • RB Winter and AS Leonard (1990) Case report: surgical correction of congenital thoracic lordosis. J Pediatr Orthop 10 805-808.
    • (1990) J Pediatr Orthop , vol.10 , pp. 805-808
    • Winter, R.B.1    Leonard, A.S.2
  • 242
    • 0002814194 scopus 로고
    • Congenital scoliosis: a study of 234 patients treated and untreated
    • RB Winter, JH Moe and VE Eilers (1968) Congenital scoliosis: a study of 234 patients treated and untreated. J Bone Joint Surg 50A 1-47.
    • (1968) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.50A , pp. 1-47
    • Winter, R.B.1    Moe, J.H.2    Eilers, V.E.3
  • 243
    • 0021179990 scopus 로고
    • The incidence of Klippel-Feil syndrome in patients with congenital scoliosis and kyphosis
    • RB Winter, JH Moe and JE Lonstein (1984) The incidence of Klippel-Feil syndrome in patients with congenital scoliosis and kyphosis. Spine 9 363-366.
    • (1984) Spine , vol.9 , pp. 363-366
    • Winter, R.B.1    Moe, J.H.2    Lonstein, J.E.3
  • 244
    • 0015594942 scopus 로고
    • Congenital kyphosis: its natural history and treatment as observed in a study of 130 patients
    • RB Winter, JH Moe and JF Wang (1973) Congenital kyphosis: its natural history and treatment as observed in a study of 130 patients. J Bone Joint Surg 55A 223-274.
    • (1973) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.55A , pp. 223-274
    • Winter, R.B.1    Moe, J.H.2    Wang, J.F.3
  • 245
    • 0016758619 scopus 로고
    • Congenital vertebral anomalies: etiology and relationship to spina bifida cystica
    • R Wynne-Davies (1975) Congenital vertebral anomalies: etiology and relationship to spina bifida cystica. J Med Genet 12 280-292.
    • (1975) J Med Genet , vol.12 , pp. 280-292
    • Wynne-Davies, R.1
  • 247
    • 0019465215 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of “tethered cord syndrome.”
    • S Yamada, DE Zinke and D Sanders (1981) Pathophysiology of “tethered cord syndrome.”. J Neurosurg 54 494-503.
    • (1981) J Neurosurg , vol.54 , pp. 494-503
    • Yamada, S.1    Zinke, D.E.2    Sanders, D.3
  • 248
    • 0026773052 scopus 로고
    • The changing epidemiology of neural tube defects, United States, 1968-1989
    • IH Yen, MJ Khoury, JD Erickson, et al. (1992) The changing epidemiology of neural tube defects, United States, 1968-1989. Am J Dis Child 146 857-861.
    • (1992) Am J Dis Child , vol.146 , pp. 857-861
    • Yen, I.H.1    Khoury, M.J.2    Erickson, J.D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.