Organochlorine contaminants in endangered Hawaiian monk seals from four subpopulations in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Marine Pollution Bulletin

Volumn 56, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 231-244

  Ylitalo, Gina M ^a   Myers, Matthew ^b,c   Stewart, Brent S ^d   Yochem, Pamela K ^d   Braun, Robert ^e   Kashinsky, Lizabeth ^e   Boyd, Daryle ^a   Antonelis, George A ^e   Atkinson, Shannon ^c   Aguirre, A Alonso ^f   Krahn, Margaret M ^a  

^a ALASKA FISHERIES SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

^c ALASKA SEALIFE CENTER   (United States)

^d HUBBS SEAWORLD RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^e NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE   (United States)

^f ECOHEALTH ALLIANCE   (United States)

Author keywords

Breeding colony; Endangered species; Hawaiian monk seal; Organochlorines; PCBs

Indexed keywords

BLOOD; ECOSYSTEMS; GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; TOXICITY;

BREEDING COLONIES; ENDANGERED SPECIES; HAWAIIAN MONK SEALS; ORGANOCHLORINES;

MARINE POLLUTION;

ORGANOCHLORINE DERIVATIVE;

AGE STRUCTURE; BIOACCUMULATION; BLOOD; BREEDING POPULATION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ENDANGERED SPECIES; FOOD CHAIN; HEALTH IMPACT; ORGANOCHLORINE; PINNIPED; SUBPOPULATION;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; BREEDING; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; ENDANGERED SPECIES; FEMALE; LACTATION; MALE; MONACHUS SCHAUINSLANDI; NONHUMAN; PREGNANCY; PUBERTY; SEAL; SEXUAL MATURATION; UNITED STATES;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; AGE FACTORS; ANIMALS; CHROMATOGRAPHY, HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FEMALE; HAWAII; HYDROCARBONS, CHLORINATED; LINEAR MODELS; LIPIDS; MALE; PREGNANCY; SEALS, EARLESS; SEX FACTORS; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL;

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS; MIDWAY ATOLL; MIDWAY ISLANDS; PACIFIC ISLANDS; PACIFIC OCEAN;

MONACHUS SCHAUINSLANDI; PINNIPEDIA;

EID: 38949128684     PISSN: 0025326X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.09.034     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Aguilar A., Borrell A., and Reinjders P.J.H. Geographical and temporal variation in levels of organochlorine contaminants in marine mammals. Marine Environmental Research 53 (2002) 425-452
2. Antonelis G.A., Baker J.D., Johanos T.C., Braun R.C., and Harting A.L. Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi): Status and conservation issues. Atoll Research Bulletin 543 (2006) 75-101
3. Auman H.J., Ludwig J.P., Summer C.L., Verbrugge D.A., Froese K.L., Colborn T., and Giesy J.P. PCBs, DDE, DDT, and TCDD-EQ in two species of albatross on Sand Island, Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 16 (1997) 498-504
4. Beckmen, K.B., Burek, K.A., Pitcher, K.W., Ylitalo, G.M., Fadely, B.S., in preparation. Organochlorine contaminant concentrations in multiple tissue matrices of live Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska.
5. Beckmen K.B., Blake J.E., Ylitalo G.M., Stott J.L., and O'Hara T.M. Organochlorine contaminant exposure and associations with hematological and humoral immune functional assays with dam age as a factor in free-ranging northern fur seal pups (Callorhinus ursinus). Marine Pollution Bulletin 46 (2003) 594-606
6. Beckmen K.B., Ylitalo G.M., Towell R.G., Krahn M.M., O'Hara T.M., and Blake J.E. Factors affecting organochlorine contaminant concentrations in milk and blood of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) dams and pups from St. George Island, Alaska. Science of the Total Environment 231 (1999) 183-200
7. Beckmen K.B., Lowenstine L.J., Newman J., Hill J., Hanni K., and Gerber J. Clinical and pathological characterization of northern elephant seal skin disease. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 33 (1997) 438-449
8. Bergen B.J., Nelson W.G., Quinn J.G., and Jayaraman S. Relationships among total lipid, lipid classes, and polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in two indigenous populations of ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissa) over an annual cycle. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20 3 (2001) 575-581
9. Best P.B., and Schell D.M. Stable isotopes in southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) baleen as indicators of seasonal movements, feeding and growth. Marine Biology 124 (1996) 483-494
10. Bossart G., Reidarson T., Dierauf L., and Duffield D. Clinical Pathology. In: Dierauf L.A., and Gulland F.M.D. (Eds). CRC Handbook of Marine Mammal Medicine. 2nd ed. (2001), CRC Press, Boca Raton 384-388
11. Carretta, J.V., Forney, K.A., Muto, M.M., Barlow, J., Baker, J., Hanson, B., Lowry, M.S., 2005. US Pacific Marine Mammal Stock Assessments: 2004. US Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum, NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC 375, 316pp.
12. Debier C., Ylitalo G.M., Weise M., Gulland F., Costa D.P., Le Boeuf B.J., de Tillesse T., and Larondelle Y. PCBs and DDTs in the serum of juvenile California sea lions: Associations with vitamins A and E and thyroid hormones. Environmental Pollution 134 (2005) 323-332
13. Debier C., Pomeroy P.P., Dupont C., Joiris C., Comblin V., Le Boulenge E., Larondelle Y., and Thome J.-P. Quantitative dynamics of PCB transfer from mother to pup during lactation in UK grey seals Halicheorus grypus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 247 (2003) 237-248
14. Delbeke K., Teklemariam T., de la Cruz E., and Sorgeloos P. Reducing variability in pollution data: the use of lipid classes for normalization of pollution data in marine biota. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 58 (1995) 147-162
15. Delong R.L., Gilmartin W.G., and Simpson J.G. Premature births in California sea lions: association with high organochlorine pollutant residue levels. Science 181 (1973) 1168-1170
16. Department of Navy. 1996. Environmental Restoration Plan for Fiscal Years 1997-2001. Department of Navy, Washington, D.C.
17. De Swart R.L., Ross P.S., Vedder L.J., Timmerman H.H., Heisterkamp S., van Loveren H., Vos J.G., Reijnders P.J.H., and Osterhaus A.D.M.E. Impairment of immune function in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) feeding on fish from polluted waters. Ambio 23 (1994) 155-159
18. de Wit, C., Fisk, A., Hobbs, K., Muir, D., Gabrielsen, G., Kallenborn, R., Krahn, M.M., Norstrom, R., Skaare, J., 2004. AMAP Assessment 2002: Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Arctic. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program, Oslo, Norway.
19. Elskus A., Collier T.K., and Monosson E. Interactions between lipids and persistent organic pollutants in fish. In: Mommsen T.P., and Moon T.W. (Eds). Environmental Toxicology (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes) vol. 6 (2005), Elsevier, San Diego, CA 119-152
20. Greig D.J., Ylitalo G.M., Hall A.J., Fauquier D.A., and Gulland F.M.D. Transplacental transfer of organochlorines in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Environmental Toxicology Chemistry 26 1 (2007) 37-44
21. Hammond J.A., Hall A.J., and Dyrynda E.A. Comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) induced effects on innate immune functions in harbour and grey seals. Aquatic Toxicology 74 (2005) 126-138
22. Hope B., Scatolini S., and Titus E. Bioconcentraion of chlorinated biphenyls in biota from the North Pacific Ocean. Chemosphere 36 (1998) 1247-1261
23. Hope B., Scatolini S., Titus E., and Cotter J. Distribution patterns of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in water, sediment and biota from Midway Atoll (North Pacific Ocean). Marine Pollution Bulletin 34 (1997) 548-563
24. Iwata H., Tanabe S., Sakai N., and Tatsukawa R. Distribution of persistent organochlorines in the oceanic air and surface seawater and the role of ocean on their global transport and fate. Environmental Science and Technology 27 (1993) 1080-1098
25. Jarman W.M., Norstrom R.J., Muir D.C.G., Rosenberg B., Simon M., and Baird R.W. Levels of organochlorine compounds, including PCDDS and PCDFS, in the blubber of cetaceans from the West Coast of North America. Marine Pollution Bulletin 32 5 (1996) 426-436
26. Jones P.D., Hannah D.J., Buckland S.J., Day P.J., Leathem S.V., Porter L.J., Auman H.J., Sanderson J.T., Summer C., Ludwig J.P., Colborn T.L., and Giesy J.P. Persistent synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbons in albatross tissue samples from Midway Atoll. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15 (1996) 1793-1800
27. Kajiwara N., Kannan K., Muraoka M., Watanabe M., Takahashi S., Gulland F., Olsen H., Blankenship A.L., Jones P.D., Tanabe S., and Geisy J.P. Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and butyltin compounds in blubber and livers of stranded California sea lions, elephant seals, and harbor seals from coastal California, USA. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 41 (2001) 90-99
28. Kannan K., Blankenship A.L., Jones P.D., and Giesy J.P. Toxicity reference values for the toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls to aquatic mammals. Human Ecological Risk Assessment 6 (2000) 181-201
29. Kelly J.F. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in the study of avian and mammalian trophic ecology. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78 (2000) 1-27
30. Krahn M.M., Herman D.P., Ylitalo G.M., Sloan C.A., Burrows D.G., Hobbs R.C., Mahoney B.A., Yanagida G.K., Calambokidis J., and Moore S.E. Stratification of lipids, fatty acids and organochlorine contaminants in blubber of white whales and killer whales. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 6 (2004) 175-189
31. Krahn M.M., Becker P.R., Tilbury K.L., and Stein J.E. Organochlorine contaminants in blubber of four seal species: integrating biomonitoring and specimen banking. Chemosphere 34 (1997) 2109-2121
32. Krahn M.M., Ylitalo G.M., Buzitis J., Sloan C.A., Boyd D.T., and Chan S.-L. Screening for planar chlorobiphenyl congeners in tissues of marine biota by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Chemosphere 29 (1994) 117-139
33. Loughlin T.R., Castellini M.A., and Ylitalo G.M. Spatial aspects of organochlorine contamination in northern fur seal tissues. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44 (2002) 1024-1034
34. Lydersen C., Wolkers H., Severinsen T., Kleivane L., Nordoy E.S., and Skaare J.U. Blood is a poor substrate for monitoring pollution burdens in phocid seals. Science of the Total Environment 292 (2002) 193-203
35. Maragos, J., Gulko, D., 2002. Coral reef ecosystems of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: Interim results emphasizing the 2000 surveys. US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources, Honolulu.
36. Marine Mammal Commission, 2002. Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi). In Chapter III. Species of Concern, Annual Report to Congress, 2001. Marine Mammal Commission, Bethesda, MD, pp. 63-76.
37. Miao X.-S., Balazs G.H., Murakawa S.K.K., and Li Q.X. Congener-specific profile and toxicity assessment of PCBs in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the Hawaiian Islands. Science of the Total Environment 281 (2001) 247-253
38. Miao X.-S., Swenson C., Woodward L.A., and Li Q.X. Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in marine species from French Frigate Shoals, North Pacific Ocean. Science of the Total Environment 257 (2000) 17-28
39. Neale J.C.C., Gulland F.M.D., Schmelzer K.R., Harvey J.T., Berg E.A., Allend S.G., Greig D.J., Grigg E.K., and Tjeerdema R.S. Contaminant loads and hematological correlates in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) of San Francisco Bay, California. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A 68 (2005) 617-633
40. Newman J.W., Vedder J.M., Jarman W.M., and Chang R.R. A method for the determination of environmental contaminants in living marine mammals using microscale samples of blubber and blood. Chemosphere 29 4 (1994) 671-681
41. Niño-Torres C.A., Gallo-Reynoso J.P., Galvan-Magana F., Escobar-Briones E., and Macko S.A. Isotopic analysis of ∂13C, ∂15N, and ∂34S "A feeding tale" in teeth of the longbeaked common dolphin, Delphinus capensis. Marine Mammal Science 22 4 (2006) 831-846
42. Ragen T.J., and Lavigne D.M. The Hawaiian monk seal: Biology of an Endangered Species. In: Twiss J.R., and Reeves R.R. (Eds). Conservation and Management of Marine Mammals (1999), Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC 224-245
43. Reddy M., Echols S., Finklea B., Busbee D., Reif J., and Ridgway S. PCBs and chlorinated pesticides in clinically healthy Tursiops truncatus: relationships between levels in blubber and blood. Marine Pollution Bulletin 36 11 (1998) 892-903
44. Ross P.S., Jeffries S.J., Yunker M.B., Addison R.F., Ikonomou M.G., and Calambokidis J.C. Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in British Columbia, Canada, and Washington State, USA, reveal a combination of local and global polychlorinated biphenyl, dioxin, and furan signals. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 23 (2004) 157-165
45. Ross P.S., Ellis G.M., Ikonomou M.G., Barrett-Lennard L.G., and Addison R.F. High PCB concentrations in free-ranging Pacific killer whales, Orcinus orca: effects of age, sex and dietary preference. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40 (2000) 504-515
46. Ross P.S., DeSwart R.L., Reijnders P.J.H., van Loveren H., Vos J.G., and Osterhaus A.D.M.E. Contaminant-related suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity and antibody responses in harbor seals fed herring from the Baltic Sea. Environmental Health Perspectives 103 (1995) 162-167
47. Schmidt C.W. Spheres of influence: No POPs. Environmental Health Perspectives 107 (1998) A24-A25
48. Sloan, C.A., Brown, D.W., Ylitalo, G.M., Buzitis, J., Herman, D.P., Burrows, D.G., Yanagida, G.K., Pearce, R.W., Bolton, J.L., Boyer, R.H. and Krahn, M.M., 2006. Quality assurance plan for analyses of environmental samples for polycyclic aromatic compounds, persistent organic pollutants, fatty acids, stable isotope ratios, lipid classes, and metabolites of polycyclic aromatic compounds. US Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-77, 30pp.
49. Stewart B.S., Antonelis G.A., Baker J.D., and Yochem P.K. Foraging biogeography of Hawaiian monk seals in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Atoll Res Bull 543 (2006) 131-145
50. Stewart, B.S., 2004. Foraging ecology of Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) at Pearl and Hermes Reef, Northwestern Hawaiian Island: 1997-1998. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Administrative Report H-04-03C, pp 1-61.
51. Stewart, B.S., Yochem, P.K., 2004a. Use of marine habitats by Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) from Kure Atoll: Satellite-linked monitoring in 2001-2002. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Administrative Report H-04-01C, pp 1-113.
52. Stewart, B.S., Yochem, P.K., 2004b. Use of marine habitats by Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) from Laysan Island: Satellite-linked monitoring in 2001-2002. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Administrative Report H-04-02C, pp 1-131.
53. Stewart, B.S., Yochem, P.K., 2004c. Use of marine habitats by Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) near Lisianski and Midway Islands: Satellite-linked monitoring in 2000-2001. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Administrative Report H-04-04C, pp 1-98.
54. Tilbury K.L., Adams N.G., Krone C.A., Meador J.P., Early G., and Varanasi U. Organochlorines in stranded pilot whales (Globicephala melaena) from the Coast of Massachusetts. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 37 (1999) 125-134
55. US Department of Commerce, 1976. Hawaiian monk seal final regulations. Federal Register 41, pp. 51611.
56. Van den Berg M., Birnbaum L., Bosveld A.T.C., Brunstrom B., Cook P., Feeley M., Giesy J.P., Hanberg A., Hasegawa R., Kennedy S.W., Kubiak T., Larsen J.C., van Leeuwen F.X.R., Liem A.K.D., Nolt C., Peterson R.E., Poellinger L., Safe S., Schrenk D., Tillitt D., Tysklind M., Younes M., Waern F., and Zacharewski T. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife. Environmental Health Perspectives 106 12 (1998) 775-792
57. Wang D., Atkinson S., Hoover-Miller A., Lee S.-E., and Li Q.X. Organochlorines in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) tissues from the northern Gulf of Alaska. Environmental Pollution 146 (2007) 268-280
58. Willcox M.K., Woodward L.A., Ylitalo G.M., Buzitis J., Atkinson S., and Li Q.X. Organochlorines in the free-ranging Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) from French Frigate Shoals, North Pacific Ocean. Science of the Total Environment 322 (2004) 81-93
59. Wise S.A., Schantz M.M., Koster B.J., Demiralp R., Mackey E.A., Greenberg R.R., Burow M., Ostapczuk P., and Lillestolen T.I. Development of frozen whale blubber and liver reference materials for the measurement of organic and inorganic contaminants. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry 345 (1993) 270-277
60. Wolkers H., Lydersen C., and Kovacs K.M. Accumulation and lactational transfer of PCBs and pesticides in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from Svalbard, Norway. Science of the Total Environment 319 (2004) 137-146
61. Ylitalo G.M., Stein J.E., Hom T.E., Johnson L.J., Tilbury K.L., Hall A.J., Rowles T., Greig D., Lowenstine L.J., and Gulland F. The role of organochlorines in cancer-associated mortality in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Marine Pollution Bulletin 50 (2005) 30-39
62. Ylitalo G.M., Buzitis J., Boyd D.T., Herman D.P., Tilbury K.L., and Krahn M.M. Improvements to high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array detection (HPLC/PDA) method that measures dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls and other selected organochlorines in marine biota. In: Ostrander G.K. (Ed). Techniques in Aquatic Toxicology vol. 2 (2005), CRC Press, Boca Raton 449-464
63. Ylitalo G.M., Yanagida G.K., Hufnagle L., and Krahn M.M. Determination of lipid classes and lipid content in tissues of aquatic organisms using a thin layer chromatography/flame ionization detection (TLC/FID) microlipid method. In: Ostrander G.K. (Ed). Techniques in Aquatic Toxicology vol. 2 (2005), CRC Press, Boca Raton 227-237
64. Young D., Becerra M., Kopec D., and Echols S. GC/MS analysis of PCB congeners in blood of the harbor seal Phoca vitulina from San Francisco Bay. Chemosphere 37 (1998) 711-733
65. Zar J.H. Biostatistical Analysis. fourth ed. (1999), VCH, Upper Saddle River