Effects of fluency on psychological distance and mental construal (or why New York is a large city, but New York is a civilized jungle): Research article

Psychological Science

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 161-167

  Alter, Adam L ^a   Oppenheimer, Daniel M ^a  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; DISTANCE PERCEPTION; ENVIRONMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PERCEPTION; QUESTIONNAIRE; VISION;

ADULT; DISTANCE PERCEPTION; ENVIRONMENT; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PERCEPTION; QUESTIONNAIRES; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 38949107305     PISSN: 09567976     EISSN: 14679280     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02062.x     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Alter, A.L. Oppenheimer, D.M. (2006). Predicting short-term stock fluctuations by using processing fluency. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 103, 9369 9372.
2. Alter, A.L. Oppenheimer, D.M. (2007). Uniting the tribes of fluency to form a metacognitive nation. Manuscript submitted for publication.
3. Alter, A.L., Oppenheimer, D.M., Epley, N. Eyre, R.N. (2007). Overcoming intuition: Metacognitive difficulty activates analytic reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136, 569 576.
4. Bar-Anan, Y., Liberman, N. Trope, Y. (2006). The association between psychological distance and construal level: Evidence from an implicit association test. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 135, 609 622.
5. Bryant, D.J. Tversky, B. (1999). Mental representations of spatial relations from diagrams and models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25, 137 156.
6. Castel, A.D., McCabe, D.P. Roediger, H.L., III. 2007). Illusions of competence and overestimation of associative memory for identical items: Evidence from judgments of learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 107 111.
7. Collins, A.M. Loftus, E.F. (1975). A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82, 407 428.
8. Fujita, K., Henderson, M.D., Eng, J., Trope, Y. Liberman, N. (2006). Spatial distance and mental construal of social events. Psychological Science, 17, 278 282.
9. Henderson, M.D., Fujita, K., Trope, Y. Liberman, N. (2006). Transcending the "here": The effect of spatial distance on social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 845 856.
10. Kahneman, D. Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decisions under risk. Econometrica, 47, 313 327.
11. Liberman, N. Trope, Y. (1998). The role of feasibility and desirability considerations in near and distant future decisions: A test of temporal construal theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 5 18.
12. Liberman, N., Trope, Y. Stephan, E. (2007). Psychological distance. In E.T. Higgins A.W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: A handbook of basic principles (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 353 383). New York : Guilford Press.
13. Oppenheimer, D.M. (2004). Spontaneous discounting of availability in frequency judgment tasks. Psychological Science, 15, 100 105.
14. Oppenheimer, D.M. (2006). Consequences of erudite vernacular utilized irrespective of necessity: Problems with using long words needlessly. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 20, 139 156.
15. Oppenheimer, D.M. Frank, M.C. (in press). A rose in any other font wouldn't smell as sweet: Fluency effects in categorization. Cognition.
16. Reber, R. Schwarz, N. (1999). Effects of perceptual fluency on judgments of truth. Consciousness and Cognition, 8, 338 342.
17. Reder, L.M. (1987). Strategy selection in question answering. Cognitive Psychology, 19, 111 138.
18. Shah, A.K. Oppenheimer, D.M. (in press). Easy does it: The role of fluency in cue weighting. Judgment and Decision Making.
19. Simmons, J.P. Nelson, L.D. (2006). Intuitive confidence: Choosing between intuitive and nonintuitive alternatives. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 135, 409 428.
20. Small, D.A. Simonsohn, U. (2006). Friends of victims: Personal experience and prosocial behavior. Retrieved November 20, 2007, from
21. Todorov, A., Goren, A. Trope, Y. (2007). Probability as a psychological distance: Construal and preference. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 473 482.
22. Trope, Y. Liberman, N. (2003). Temporal construal. Psychological Review, 110, 401 421.
23. Unkelbach, C. (2006). The learned interpretation of cognitive fluency. Psychological Science, 17, 339 345.
24. Wakslak, C.J., Trope, Y., Liberman, N. Alony, R. (2006). Seeing the forest when entry is unlikely: Probability and the mental representation of events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 135, 641 653.
25. Whittlesea, B.W.A. (1993). Illusions of familiarity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, 1235 1253.
26. Winkielman, P. Cacioppo, J.T. (2001). Mind at ease puts a smile on the face: Psychophysiological evidence that processing facilitation leads to positive affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 989 1000.