Observations of the effects of atmospheric stability on turbulence statistics deep within an Urban Street Canyon

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

Volumn 46, Issue 12, 2007, Pages 2074-2085

  Ramamurthy, P ^a   Pardyjak, E R ^a   Klewicki, J C ^b  

^a University of Utah   (United States)

^b University of New Hampshire   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; HEAT FLUX; JETS; KINEMATICS; KINETIC ENERGY; MOMENTUM; SHEAR STRESS; VELOCITY;

ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION; ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY;

ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE;

EID: 38849207840     PISSN: 15588424     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2007JAMC1296.1     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Allwine, K. J., J. H. Shinn, G. E. Streit, K. L. Clawson, and M. Brown, 2002: Overview of Urban 2000: A multiscale field study of dispersion through an urban environment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 521-536.
2. Britter, R. E., and S. R. Hanna, 2003: Flow and dispersion in urban areas. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 35, 469-496.
3. Brown, M. J., and Coauthors, 2004: Joint Urban 2003 Street Canyon Experiment. Preprints, Eighth Symp. on Integrated Observing and Assimilation Systems for Atmosphere, Oceans, and Land Surface, Seattle, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., CD-ROM, J7.3.
4. Businger, J. A., J. C. Wyngaard, Y. Izumi, and E. F. Bradley, 1971: Flux-profile relationships in the atmospheric surface layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 181-189.
5. Di Sabatino, S., P. Kastner-Klein, R. Berkowicz, R. E. Britter, and E. Fedorovich, 2003: The modeling of turbulence from traffic in urban dispersion models - Part I: Theoretical considerations. Environ. Fluid Mech., 3, 129-143.
6. Eliasson, I., B. Offerle, C. S. B. Grimmond, and S. Lindqvist, 2006: Wind fields and turbulence statistics in an urban street canyon. Atmos. Environ., 40, 1-16.
7. Gash, J. H. C., and A. J. Dolman, 2003: Sonic anemometer (co)sine response and flux measurement. I. The potential for (co)sine error to affect sonic anemometer-based flux measurements. Agric. For. Meteor., 119, 195-207.
8. Hoydysh, W. G., and W. F. Dabberdt, 1988: Kinematics and dispersion characteristics of flows in asymmetric Street canyons. Atmos. Environ., 22, 2677-2689.
9. Kaimal, J. C., J. C. Wyngaard, D. A. Haugen, O. R. Cote, Y. Izumi, S. J. Caughey, and C. J. Readings, 1976: Turbulence structure in the convective boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 2152-2169.
10. Kanda, M., R. Moriwaki, and Y. Kimoto, 2005: Temperature profiles within and above an urban canopy. Bound-Layer Meteor., 115, 499-506.
11. Kastner-Klein, P., and M. W. Rotach, 2004: Mean flow and turbulence characteristics in an urban roughness sublayer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 111, 55-84.
12. Klein, P., and J. V. Clark, 2007: Flow variability in a North American downtown street canyon. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 46, 851-877.
13. Lundquist, J. K., and J. D. Mirocha, 2006: Interaction of nocturnal low-level jets with urban geometries as seen in Joint Urban 2003 data. Preprints, Sixth Symp. on the Urban Environment, Atlanta, GA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., CD-ROM, J5.10.
14. Macdonald, R. W., S. C. Schofield, and P. R. Slawson, 2002: Physical modelling of urban roughness using arrays of regular roughness elements. Water Air Soil Pollut., 2, 541-554.
15. Masson, V., 2000: A physically-based scheme for the urban energy budget in atmospheric models. Bound-Layer Meteor., 94, 357-397.
16. Mestayer, P. G., and Coauthors, 2005: The urban boundary-layer field campaign in Marseille (UBL/CLU-ESCOMPTE): Set-up and first results. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 114, 315-365.
17. Nakamura, Y., and T. R. Oke, 1988: Wind, temperature and stability conditions in an east-west oriented urban canyon. Atmos. Environ., 22, 2691-2700.
18. Nelson, M. A., M. J. Brown, E. R. Pardyjak, and J. C. Klewicki, 2004: Turbulence within and above real and artificial urban canopies. Preprints, Fifth Conf. on the Urban Environment, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., CD-ROM, 3.7.
19. Nelson, M. A., E. R. Pardyjak, J. C. Klewicki, S. U. Pol, and M. J. Brown, 2007a: Properties of the wind field within the Oklahoma City Park Avenue street canyon. Part I: Mean flow apd turbulence statistics. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 46, 2038-2054.
20. Nelson, M. A., E. R. Pardyjak, M. J. Brown, and J. C. Klewicki, 2007b: Properties of the wind field within the Oklahoma City Park Avenue street canyon. Part II: Spectra, cospectra, and quadrant analyses. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 46, 2055-2073.
21. Nieuwstadt, F. T. M., 1984: The turbulent structure of the stable, nocturnal boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2202-2216.
22. Oke, T. R., 1987: Boundary Layer Climates. 2d ed. Methuen, 435 pp.
23. Pahlow, M., and M. B. Parlange, cited 2005: 3-D sonic anemometer standard operating procedure (SOP) for the Baltimore PM supersite. [Available online at http://www.chem.umd.edu/supersite/SOP/ JHU_SOPsonic_v03.pdf.]
24. Panofsky, H. A., and J. A. Dutton, 1984: Atmospheric Turbulence: Models and Methods for Engineering Applications. John Wiley and Sons, 397 pp.
25. Panofsky, H. A., H. Tennekes, D. H. Lenschow, and J. C. Wyngaard, 1977: The characteristics of turbulent velocity components in the surface layer under convective conditions. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 11, 355-361.
26. Pardyjak, E. R., M. J. Brown, M. A. Nelson, D. Zajic, M. Princevic, C. Biltoff, and J. C. Klewicki, 2002: Building effects on thermal stratification during the MUST trials. Preprints, Fourth Symp. on the Urban Environment, Norfolk, VA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., CD-ROM, 11.14.
27. Pol, S., and M. J. Brown, 2006: Flow patterns at the ends of a street canyon: Measurements from the Joint Urban 2003 field experiment. Preprints, Sixth Symp. on the Urban Environment, Atlanta, GA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., CD-ROM, J5.12.
28. Poulos, G. S., and Coauthors, 2002: CASES-99: A comprehensive investigation of the stable nocturnal boundary layer. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 555-581.
29. Rafailidis, S., 2001: Influence of stable atmospheric thermal stratification on urban street-canyon re-aeration. Int. J. Environ. Pollut., 16, 393-403.
30. Rotach, M. W., 1993: Turbulence close to a rough urban surface. Part I: Reynolds stress. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 65, 1-28.
31. Rotach, M. W., S.-E. Gryning, E. Batchvarova, A. Christen, and R. Vogt, 2004: Pollutant dispersion close to an urban surface - The BUBBLE tracer experiment. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 87, 39-56.
32. Roth, M., 2000: Review of atmospheric turbulence over cities. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 941-990.
33. Santamouris, M., N. Papanikolaou, I. Koronakis, I. Livada, and D. Asimakopoulos, 1999: Thermal and air flow characteristics in a deep pedestrian canyon under hot weather conditions. Atmos. Environ., 33, 4503-4521.
34. Stull, R. B., 1988: An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. Kluwer Academic, 666 pp.
35. Uehara, K., S. Murakami, S. Oikawa, and S. Wakamatsu, 2000: Wind tunnel experiments on how thermal stratification affects flow in and above urban street canyons. Atmos. Environ., 34, 1553-1562.
36. van der Molen, M. K., J. H. C. Gash, and J. A. Elbers, 2004: Sonic anemometer (co)sine response and flux measurement. II. The effect of introducing an angle of attack dependent calibration. Agric. For. Meteor., 122, 95-109.
37. Williams, M. D., M. J. Brown, and E. R. Pardyjak, 2002: Development of a dispersion model for flow around buildings. Pre-prints, Fourth Symp. on the Urban Environment, Norfolk, V A, Amer. Meteor. Soc., CD-ROM, J1.12.
38. Yee, E., and C. A. Biltoft, 2004: Concentration fluctuation measurements in a plume dispersing through a regular array of obstacles. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 111, 363-415.