메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 96, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 334-345

Spatio-temporal variation in fruit production and seed predation in a perennial herb influenced by habitat quality and population size

Author keywords

Asclepiadaceae; Flower production; Fruit production; Habitat quality; Pollen limitation; Population density; Population size; Resource limitation; Vincetoxicum hirundinaria

Indexed keywords

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; FIELDWORK; FLOWERING; FRUIT PRODUCTION; HABITAT QUALITY; HERB; PERENNIAL PLANT; POLLEN LIMITATION; POPULATION DENSITY; POPULATION SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; SEED PREDATION; SPATIAL VARIATION; TEMPORAL VARIATION;

EID: 38849171801     PISSN: 00220477     EISSN: 13652745     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01334.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (55)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0024184345 scopus 로고
    • Between-year variation in flowering and fruit set in frost-prone and frost-sheltered populations of dioecious Rubus chamaemorus
    • Ågren, J. (1988) Between-year variation in flowering and fruit set in frost-prone and frost-sheltered populations of dioecious Rubus chamaemorus. Oecologia, 76, 175 183.
    • (1988) Oecologia , vol.76 , pp. 175-183
    • Ågren, J.1
  • 2
    • 0030427795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population size, pollinator limitation, and seed set in the self-incompatible herb Lythrum salicaria
    • Ågren, J. (1996) Population size, pollinator limitation, and seed set in the self-incompatible herb Lythrum salicaria. Ecology, 77, 1779 1790.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1779-1790
    • Ågren, J.1
  • 3
    • 33746703828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant reproductive susceptibility to habitat fragmentation: Review and synthesis through meta-analysis
    • Aguilar, R., Ashworth, L., Galetto, L. Aizen, M.A. (2006) Plant reproductive susceptibility to habitat fragmentation: review and synthesis through meta-analysis. Ecology Letters, 9, 968 980.
    • (2006) Ecology Letters , vol.9 , pp. 968-980
    • Aguilar, R.1    Ashworth, L.2    Galetto, L.3    Aizen, M.A.4
  • 4
    • 0029838956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population size, pollinator visitation, and fruit production in the deceptive orchid Calypso bulbosa
    • Alexandersson, R. Ågren, J. (1996) Population size, pollinator visitation, and fruit production in the deceptive orchid Calypso bulbosa. Oecologia, 107, 533 540.
    • (1996) Oecologia , vol.107 , pp. 533-540
    • Alexandersson, R.1    Ågren, J.2
  • 5
    • 28344439196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating the metapopulation and habitat paradigms for understanding broad-scale declines of species
    • Armstrong, D.P. (2005) Integrating the metapopulation and habitat paradigms for understanding broad-scale declines of species. Conservation Biology, 19, 1402 1410.
    • (2005) Conservation Biology , vol.19 , pp. 1402-1410
    • Armstrong, D.P.1
  • 6
    • 0033805478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation of pollen limitation in the early flowering Mediterranean geophyte Narcissus assoanus (Amaryllidaceae)
    • Baker, A.M., Barrett, S.C.H. Thompson, J.D. (2000) Variation of pollen limitation in the early flowering Mediterranean geophyte Narcissus assoanus (Amaryllidaceae). Oecologia, 124, 529 535.
    • (2000) Oecologia , vol.124 , pp. 529-535
    • Baker, A.M.1    Barrett, S.C.H.2    Thompson, J.D.3
  • 9
    • 0031697699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Excess' flower production and selective fruit abortion: A model of potential benefits
    • Burd, M. (1998) 'Excess' flower production and selective fruit abortion: a model of potential benefits. Ecology, 79, 2123 2132.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 2123-2132
    • Burd, M.1
  • 11
    • 34248363156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small populations are mate-poor but pollinator-rich in a rare, self-incompatible plant, Hymenoxys herbacea (Asteraceae)
    • Campbell, L.G. Husband, B.C. (2007) Small populations are mate-poor but pollinator-rich in a rare, self-incompatible plant, Hymenoxys herbacea (Asteraceae). New Phytologist, 174, 915 925.
    • (2007) New Phytologist , vol.174 , pp. 915-925
    • Campbell, L.G.1    Husband, B.C.2
  • 12
    • 0003230639 scopus 로고
    • The Empidoidea (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark III
    • Chvála, M. (1994) The Empidoidea (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark III. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 1 192.
    • (1994) Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica , vol.29 , pp. 1-192
    • Chvála, M.1
  • 13
    • 1042298881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of plant population size on the interactions between the endangered plant Scorzonera humilis, a specialised herbivore, and a phytopathogenic fungus
    • Colling, G. Matthies, D. (2004) The effects of plant population size on the interactions between the endangered plant Scorzonera humilis, a specialised herbivore, and a phytopathogenic fungus. Oikos, 105, 71 78.
    • (2004) Oikos , vol.105 , pp. 71-78
    • Colling, G.1    Matthies, D.2
  • 14
    • 16844385759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 2. Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopow) Borhidi (= Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar.) and Cynanchum louiseae (L.) Kartesz & Gandhi (= Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench)
    • DiTommaso, A., Lawlor, F.M. Darbyshire, S.J. (2005) The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 2. Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopow) Borhidi (= Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar.) and Cynanchum louiseae (L.) Kartesz & Gandhi (= Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench). Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 85, 243 263.
    • (2005) Canadian Journal of Plant Science , vol.85 , pp. 243-263
    • Ditommaso, A.1    Lawlor, F.M.2    Darbyshire, S.J.3
  • 15
    • 0005008217 scopus 로고
    • Contribution a l'etude du Vincetoxicum officinalis Moench et de ses 'variétiés' dans le sud-est Français (Studies on Vincetoxicum officinalis Moench and its varieties in south-east France)
    • Donadille, P. (1965) Contribution a l'etude du Vincetoxicum officinalis Moench et de ses 'variétiés' dans le sud-est Français (Studies on Vincetoxicum officinalis Moench and its varieties in south-east France). Naturalia Monspeliensia Serié Botanique, 16, 17 41.
    • (1965) Naturalia Monspeliensia Serié Botanique , vol.16 , pp. 17-41
    • Donadille, P.1
  • 16
    • 0027803510 scopus 로고
    • Ultimate functions of nonfruiting flowers in Lathyrus vernus
    • Ehrlén, J. (1993) Ultimate functions of nonfruiting flowers in Lathyrus vernus. Oikos, 68, 45 52.
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.68 , pp. 45-52
    • Ehrlén, J.1
  • 17
    • 0027879840 scopus 로고
    • Population genetic consequences of small population size: Implications for plant conservation
    • Ellstrand, N.C. Elam, D.R. (1993) Population genetic consequences of small population size: implications for plant conservation. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 24, 217 242.
    • (1993) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.24 , pp. 217-242
    • Ellstrand, N.C.1    Elam, D.R.2
  • 18
    • 0030301995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional dynamics of plants: A review of evidence for remnant, source-sink, and metapopulations
    • Eriksson, O. (1996) Regional dynamics of plants: a review of evidence for remnant, source-sink, and metapopulations. Oikos, 77, 248 258.
    • (1996) Oikos , vol.77 , pp. 248-258
    • Eriksson, O.1
  • 20
    • 0343924340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structure of a monophagous moth in a patchy landscape
    • Förare, J. Solbreck, C. (1997) Population structure of a monophagous moth in a patchy landscape. Ecological Entomology, 22, 256 263.
    • (1997) Ecological Entomology , vol.22 , pp. 256-263
    • Förare, J.1    Solbreck, C.2
  • 21
    • 0036276093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale spatial dynamics of plants: Metapopulations, regional ensembles and patchy populations
    • Freckleton, R.P. Watkinson, A.R. (2002) Large-scale spatial dynamics of plants: metapopulations, regional ensembles and patchy populations. Journal of Ecology, 90, 419 434.
    • (2002) Journal of Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 419-434
    • Freckleton, R.P.1    Watkinson, A.R.2
  • 22
    • 33947496686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale-dependent effects of habitat fragmentation on hawthorn pollination, frugivory, and seed predation
    • Garcia, D. Chacoff, N.P. (2007) Scale-dependent effects of habitat fragmentation on hawthorn pollination, frugivory, and seed predation. Conservation Biology, 21, 400 411.
    • (2007) Conservation Biology , vol.21 , pp. 400-411
    • Garcia, D.1    Chacoff, N.P.2
  • 23
    • 23144441619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollen and seed dispersal among dispersed plants
    • Ghazoul, J. (2005) Pollen and seed dispersal among dispersed plants. Biology Review, 80, 413 443.
    • (2005) Biology Review , vol.80 , pp. 413-443
    • Ghazoul, J.1
  • 24
    • 1342330862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confronting multicollinearity in ecological multiple regression
    • Graham, M.H. (2003) Confronting multicollinearity in ecological multiple regression. Ecology, 84, 2809 2815.
    • (2003) Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 2809-2815
    • Graham, M.H.1
  • 25
    • 0031748982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allee effects limit population viability of an annual plant
    • Groom, M.J. (1998) Allee effects limit population viability of an annual plant. American Naturalist, 151, 487 496.
    • (1998) American Naturalist , vol.151 , pp. 487-496
    • Groom, M.J.1
  • 26
    • 0027332998 scopus 로고
    • Why Prunus mahaleb (Rosaceae) produces more flowers than fruits
    • Guitian, J. (1993) Why Prunus mahaleb (Rosaceae) produces more flowers than fruits. American Journal of Botany, 80, 1305 1309.
    • (1993) American Journal of Botany , vol.80 , pp. 1305-1309
    • Guitian, J.1
  • 27
    • 0035123327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental demonstration of an Allee effect in American ginseng
    • Hackney, E.E. McGraw, J.B. (2001) Experimental demonstration of an Allee effect in American ginseng. Conservation Biology, 15, 129 136.
    • (2001) Conservation Biology , vol.15 , pp. 129-136
    • Hackney, E.E.1    McGraw, J.B.2
  • 28
    • 0027498835 scopus 로고
    • Selection on floral morphology and environmental determinants of fecundity in a hawk moth-pollinated violet
    • Herrera, C.M. (1993) Selection on floral morphology and environmental determinants of fecundity in a hawk moth-pollinated violet. Ecological Monographs, 63, 251 275.
    • (1993) Ecological Monographs , vol.63 , pp. 251-275
    • Herrera, C.M.1
  • 29
    • 0242287127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of ecosystem fragmentation on plant population: Generalising the idiosyncratic
    • Hobbs, R.J. Yates, C.J. (2003) Impacts of ecosystem fragmentation on plant population: generalising the idiosyncratic. Australian Journal of Botany, 51, 471 488.
    • (2003) Australian Journal of Botany , vol.51 , pp. 471-488
    • Hobbs, R.J.1    Yates, C.J.2
  • 31
    • 0034967503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of plant population size on the interactions between the rare plant Gentiana cruciata and its specialized herbivore Maculinea rebeli.
    • Kéry, M., Matthies, D. Fischer, M. (2001) The effect of plant population size on the interactions between the rare plant Gentiana cruciata and its specialized herbivore Maculinea rebeli. Journal of Ecology, 89, 418 427.
    • (2001) Journal of Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 418-427
    • Kéry, M.1    Matthies, D.2    Fischer, M.3
  • 32
    • 33745227691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced reproductive success and offspring survival in fragmented populations of the forest herb Phyteuma spicatum
    • Kolb, A. (2005) Reduced reproductive success and offspring survival in fragmented populations of the forest herb Phyteuma spicatum. Journal of Ecology, 93, 1226 1237.
    • (2005) Journal of Ecology , vol.93 , pp. 1226-1237
    • Kolb, A.1
  • 33
    • 0027866161 scopus 로고
    • Sex and the single mustard: Population density and pollinator behavior effects on seed-set
    • Kunin, W.E. (1993) Sex and the single mustard: population density and pollinator behavior effects on seed-set. Ecology, 74, 2145 2160.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 2145-2160
    • Kunin, W.E.1
  • 34
    • 1542784244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in the mating system of Vincetoxicum hirundinaria (Asclepiadaceae) in peripherial island populations
    • Leimu, R. (2004) Variation in the mating system of Vincetoxicum hirundinaria (Asclepiadaceae) in peripherial island populations. Annals of Botany, 93, 107 113.
    • (2004) Annals of Botany , vol.93 , pp. 107-113
    • Leimu, R.1
  • 35
    • 16244382383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population history, mating system, and fitness variation in a perennial herb with a fragmented distribution
    • Leimu, R. Mutikainen, P. (2005) Population history, mating system, and fitness variation in a perennial herb with a fragmented distribution. Conservation Biology, 19, 349 356.
    • (2005) Conservation Biology , vol.19 , pp. 349-356
    • Leimu, R.1    Mutikainen, P.2
  • 36
    • 0036687742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of population size, seed predation and plant size on male and female reproductive success in Vincetoxicum hirundinaria (Asclepiadaceae)
    • Leimu, R. Syrjänen, K. (2002) Effects of population size, seed predation and plant size on male and female reproductive success in Vincetoxicum hirundinaria (Asclepiadaceae). Oikos, 98, 229 238.
    • (2002) Oikos , vol.98 , pp. 229-238
    • Leimu, R.1    Syrjänen, K.2
  • 37
    • 0000679330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extinction thresholds and disrupted plant-pollinator interactions in fragmented plant populations
    • Lennartsson, T. (2002) Extinction thresholds and disrupted plant-pollinator interactions in fragmented plant populations. Ecology, 83, 3060 3072.
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 3060-3072
    • Lennartsson, T.1
  • 38
    • 84985329975 scopus 로고
    • Sexual strategies in plants. I. An hypothesis of serial adjustment of maternal investment during one reproductive session
    • Lloyd, D.G. (1980) Sexual strategies in plants. I. An hypothesis of serial adjustment of maternal investment during one reproductive session. New Phytologist, 86, 69 79.
    • (1980) New Phytologist , vol.86 , pp. 69-79
    • Lloyd, D.G.1
  • 39
    • 0028974578 scopus 로고
    • Fragmentation, disturbance, and plant distribution: Mistletoes in woodland remnants in the Western Australian wheatbelt
    • Norton, D.A., Hobbs, R.J. Atkins, L. (1995) Fragmentation, disturbance, and plant distribution: mistletoes in woodland remnants in the Western Australian wheatbelt. Conservation Biology, 9, 426 438.
    • (1995) Conservation Biology , vol.9 , pp. 426-438
    • Norton, D.A.1    Hobbs, R.J.2    Atkins, L.3
  • 40
    • 0031698302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between population and habitat characteristics and reproduction of the rare Gentiana pneumonanthe L
    • Oostermeijer, J.G.B., Luijten, S.H., Krenová, Z.V. den Nijs, H.C.M. (1998) Relationships between population and habitat characteristics and reproduction of the rare Gentiana pneumonanthe L. Conservation Biology, 12, 1042 1053.
    • (1998) Conservation Biology , vol.12 , pp. 1042-1053
    • Oostermeijer, J.G.B.1    Luijten, S.H.2    Krenová, Z.V.3    Den Nijs, H.C.M.4
  • 41
    • 26444480253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Among population variation in specialist and generalist seed predation - The importance of host plant distribution, alternative hosts and environmental variation
    • Östergård, H. Ehrlén, J. (2005) Among population variation in specialist and generalist seed predation - the importance of host plant distribution, alternative hosts and environmental variation. Oikos, 111, 39 46.
    • (2005) Oikos , vol.111 , pp. 39-46
    • Östergård, H.1    Ehrlén, J.2
  • 42
    • 0028975280 scopus 로고
    • Variation in fitness-related characters among small and large populations of Salvia pratensis
    • Ouborg, N.J. van Treuren, R. (1995) Variation in fitness-related characters among small and large populations of Salvia pratensis. Journal of Ecology, 83, 369 380.
    • (1995) Journal of Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 369-380
    • Ouborg, N.J.1    Van Treuren, R.2
  • 44
    • 0030477482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inferring metapopulation dynamics from patch-level incidence of Florida scrub plants
    • Quintana-Ascencio, P.F. Menges, E.S. (1996) Inferring metapopulation dynamics from patch-level incidence of Florida scrub plants. Conservation Biology, 10, 1210 1219.
    • (1996) Conservation Biology , vol.10 , pp. 1210-1219
    • Quintana-Ascencio, P.F.1    Menges, E.S.2
  • 45
    • 38849188564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team (. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna.
    • R Development Core Team (2005) The Royal Project for Statistical Computing [2.0.1]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna.
    • (2005) The Royal Project for Statistical Computing [2.0.1].
  • 46
    • 38849083318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2006-10-05.
    • Scheines, R., Spirtes, P., Glymour, C., Meek, C. Richardson, T. (2006) Tetrad III: Tools for Causal Modelling. User's Manual. http://www.phil.cmu.edu/ projects/tetrad/tet3/master.htm 2006-10-05.
    • (2006)
    • Scheines, R.1    Spirtes, P.2    Glymour, C.3    Meek, C.4    Richardson, T.5
  • 48
    • 25144514433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial pattern in checkerspot butterfly - Host plant association at local, metapopulation and regional scales
    • Singer, M.C. Wee, B. (2005) Spatial pattern in checkerspot butterfly - host plant association at local, metapopulation and regional scales. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 42, 347 361.
    • (2005) Annales Zoologici Fennici , vol.42 , pp. 347-361
    • Singer, M.C.1    Wee, B.2
  • 49
    • 0002847722 scopus 로고
    • Long term population dynamics of a seed-feeding insect in a landscape perspective
    • (eds. Cappuccino N. Price P. pp. Academic Press, San Diego, California.
    • Solbreck, C. (1995) Long term population dynamics of a seed-feeding insect in a landscape perspective. Population Dynamics: New Approaches and Synthesis (eds N. Cappuccino P. Price pp. 279 301. Academic Press, San Diego, California.
    • (1995) Population Dynamics: New Approaches and Synthesis , pp. 279-301
    • Solbreck, C.1
  • 50
    • 0010209565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology and biology of Euphranta connexa (Fabr.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) - A seed predator on Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Med. (Asclepiadaceae)
    • Solbreck, C. (2000) Ecology and biology of Euphranta connexa (Fabr.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) - a seed predator on Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Med. (Asclepiadaceae). Entomologisk Tidskrift, 121, 23 30.
    • (2000) Entomologisk Tidskrift , vol.121 , pp. 23-30
    • Solbreck, C.1
  • 51
    • 34547613869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density dependence vs. independence, and irregular population dynamics of a swallow-wort fruit fly
    • Solbreck, C. Ives, A.R. (2007) Density dependence vs. independence, and irregular population dynamics of a swallow-wort fruit fly. Ecology, 88, 1466 1475.
    • (2007) Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 1466-1475
    • Solbreck, C.1    Ives, A.R.2
  • 52
    • 0022831152 scopus 로고
    • Seed production and seed predation in a patchy and time-varying environment. Dynamics of a milkweed-tephritid fly system
    • Solbreck, C. Sillén-Tullberg, B. (1986) Seed production and seed predation in a patchy and time-varying environment. Dynamics of a milkweed-tephritid fly system. Oecologia, 71, 51 58.
    • (1986) Oecologia , vol.71 , pp. 51-58
    • Solbreck, C.1    Sillén-Tullberg, B.2
  • 53
    • 0022855344 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of fruit-set: What controls fruit-flower ratios in plants?
    • Sutherland, S. (1986) Patterns of fruit-set: what controls fruit-flower ratios in plants? Evolution, 40, 117 128.
    • (1986) Evolution , vol.40 , pp. 117-128
    • Sutherland, S.1
  • 54
    • 1042291059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant-insect interactions in fragmented landscapes
    • Tscharntke, T. Brandl, R. (2004) Plant-insect interactions in fragmented landscapes. Annual Review of Entomology, 49, 405 430.
    • (2004) Annual Review of Entomology , vol.49 , pp. 405-430
    • Tscharntke, T.1    Brandl, R.2
  • 55
    • 0034068135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of food plant and group size on predator defence: Differences between two co-occurring aposematic Lygaeinae bugs
    • Tullberg, B.S., Gamberale-Stille, G. Solbreck, C. (2000) Effects of food plant and group size on predator defence: differences between two co-occurring aposematic Lygaeinae bugs. Ecological Entomology, 25, 220 225.
    • (2000) Ecological Entomology , vol.25 , pp. 220-225
    • Tullberg, B.S.1    Gamberale-Stille, G.2    Solbreck, C.3
  • 56
    • 0037326905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interacting effects of genetic variation, habitat quality and population size on performance of Succisa pratensis
    • Vergeer, P., Rengelink, R., Copal, A. Ouborg, N.J. (2003) The interacting effects of genetic variation, habitat quality and population size on performance of Succisa pratensis. Journal of Ecology, 91, 18 26.
    • (2003) Journal of Ecology , vol.91 , pp. 18-26
    • Vergeer, P.1    Rengelink, R.2    Copal, A.3    Ouborg, N.J.4
  • 58
    • 2642540311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollinator visitation, stigmatic pollen loads and among-population variation in seed set in Lythrum salicaria
    • Waites, A.R. Ågren, J. (2004) Pollinator visitation, stigmatic pollen loads and among-population variation in seed set in Lythrum salicaria. Journal of Ecology, 92, 512 526.
    • (2004) Journal of Ecology , vol.92 , pp. 512-526
    • Waites, A.R.1    Ågren, J.2
  • 59
    • 13444269493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollen limitation and demographic structure in small fragmented populations of Brunsvigia radulosa (Amaryllidaceae)
    • Ward, M. Johnson, S.D. (2005) Pollen limitation and demographic structure in small fragmented populations of Brunsvigia radulosa (Amaryllidaceae). Oikos, 108, 253 262.
    • (2005) Oikos , vol.108 , pp. 253-262
    • Ward, M.1    Johnson, S.D.2
  • 60
    • 0022825890 scopus 로고
    • Size variability and competition in plant monocultures
    • Weiner, J. Thomas, S.C. (1986) Size variability and competition in plant monocultures. Oikos, 47, 211 222.
    • (1986) Oikos , vol.47 , pp. 211-222
    • Weiner, J.1    Thomas, S.C.2
  • 61
    • 33747068555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bumblebees experience landscapes at different spatial scales: Possible implications for coexistence
    • Westphal, C., Steffan-Dewenter, I. Tscharntke, T. (2006) Bumblebees experience landscapes at different spatial scales: possible implications for coexistence. Oecologia, 149, 289 300.
    • (2006) Oecologia , vol.149 , pp. 289-300
    • Westphal, C.1    Steffan-Dewenter, I.2    Tscharntke, T.3
  • 63
    • 0002927297 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive design of the floral display in Asclepias syriaca L
    • Willson, M.F. Rathcke, B.J. (1974) Adaptive design of the floral display in Asclepias syriaca L. American Midland Naturalist, 92, 47 57.
    • (1974) American Midland Naturalist , vol.92 , pp. 47-57
    • Willson, M.F.1    Rathcke, B.J.2
  • 65
    • 0030454094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The population genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation for plants
    • Young, A., Boyle, T. Brown, T. (1996) The population genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation for plants. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 11, 413 418.
    • (1996) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.11 , pp. 413-418
    • Young, A.1    Boyle, T.2    Brown, T.3
  • 66
    • 0024255480 scopus 로고
    • Reproduction in Polemonium: Assessing the factors limiting seed set
    • Zimmerman, M. Pyke, G.H. (1988) Reproduction in Polemonium: assessing the factors limiting seed set. American Naturalist, 131, 723 738.
    • (1988) American Naturalist , vol.131 , pp. 723-738
    • Zimmerman, M.1    Pyke, G.H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.