Out-of-pocket spending and medication adherence among dialysis patients in twelve countries

Health Affairs

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 89-102

  Hirth, Richard A ^a   Greer, Scott L ^a   Albert, Justin M ^b   Young, Eric W ^c   Piette, John D ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b II DOPPS   (United States)

^c VA ANN ARBOR HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NON PRESCRIPTION DRUG;

ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COST OF ILLNESS; DRUG COST; ECONOMICS; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE FINANCING; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEMODIALYSIS; HUMAN; JAPAN; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY; SOCIAL ASPECT; STATISTICS; UNITED KINGDOM; UNITED STATES;

COST OF ILLNESS; FINANCING, PERSONAL; GREAT BRITAIN; HEALTH EXPENDITURES; HEALTH POLICY; HUMANS; JAPAN; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; RENAL DIALYSIS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 38849115831     PISSN: 02782715     EISSN: 02782715     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.27.1.89     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Health at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2005 (Paris: OECD, 2005), Tables 3.4, 3.5, 3.16, and 69.75;
2. and B.C. Strunk and P.B. Ginsburg, "Tracking Health Care Costs: Trends Turn Downward in 2003," Health Affairs 23 (2004): w354-w362 (published online 9 June 2004; 10.1377/hlthaff.w4.354).
3. J.L. Wagner and E. McCarthy, "International Differences in Drug Prices," Annual Review of Public Health 25 (2004): 475-495.
4. P.M. Danzon and M.F. Furukawa, "Prices and Availability of Pharmaceuticals: Evidence from Nine Countries," Health Affairs 22 (2003): w521-w532 (published online 29 October 2003; 10.1377/hlthaff.w3.521).
5. See, for example, J.D. Piette, M. Heisler, and T.H. Wagner, "Cost-Related Medication Underuse among Chronically Ill Adults: The Treatments People Forgo, How Often, and Who Is at Risk," American Journal of Public Health 94, no. 10 (2004): 1782-1787;
6. M.A. Steinman, L.P. Sands, and K.E. Covinsky, "Self-Restriction of Medications Due to Cost in Seniors without Prescription Coverage," Journal of General Internal Medicine 16, no. 12 (2001): 793-799;
7. and D.P. Goldman et al., "Pharmacy Benefits and the Use of Drugs by the Chronically Ill," Journal of the American Medical Association 291, no. 19 (2004): 2344-2350.
8. S.B. Soumerai et al., "Effects of Medicaid Drug-Payment Limits on Admission to Hospitals and Nursing Homes," New England Journal of Medicine 325, no. 15 (1991): 1072-1077;
9. and A.B. Rosen et al., "Cost-Effectiveness of Full Medicare Coverage of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors for Beneficiaries with Diabetes," Annals of Internal Medicine 143, no. 2 (2005): 89-99.
10. P.R. Noyce et al., "The Cost of Prescription Medicines to Patients," Health Policy 52, no. 2 (2000): 129-145;
11. K.J. Krobot et al., "The Disparity in Access to New Medication by Type of Health Insurance: Lessons from Germany," Medical Care 42, no. 5 (2004): 487-491;
12. and A. Hagihara et al., "Rate of Health Insurance Reimbursement and Adherence to Anti-Hypertensive Treatment among Japanese Patients," Health Policy 58, no. 3 (2001): 231-242.
13. R.L. Pisoni et al., "The Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS): Design, Data Elements, and Methodology," American Journal of Kidney Diseases 44, no. 5, Supp. 2 (2004): 7-15.
14. OECD, "Purchasing Power Parities," in OECD Main Economic Indicators, November 2005 update, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/61/54/ 18598754.pdf (accessed 21 September 2007).
15. E. Mossialos, T. Walley, and M. Mrazek, "Regulating Pharmaceuticals in Europe: An Overview," in Regulating Pharmaceuticals in Europe: Striving for Efficiency, Equity and Quality, ed. E. Mossialos, M. Mrazek, and T. Walley (Maidenhead, England: Open University Press, 2004).
16. Health care system characteristics were derived from the following sources. Australia: Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Health and Ageing, "The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme," 22 November 2006, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/Content/ Pharmaceutical+Benefits+Scheme+%28PBS%29-1 (accessed 16 August 2007);
17. and A. Podger and P. Hagan, "Reforming the Australian Health Care System: The Role of Government," in Health Reform in Australia and New Zealand, ed. A.L. Bloom (South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 2000).
18. Belgium: European Observatory on Health Care Systems, Health Care Systems in Transition: Belgium (Brussels: European Observatory, 2000), 195.
19. Canada: Senate of Canada, The Health of Canadians - The Federal Role, Final Report, vol. 6 (Ottawa: Senate of Canada, 2002), Tables 7.3, 7.4;
20. and Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada (Romanow Commission), Building on Values:The Future of Health Care in Canada (Ottawa: Government of Canada, 2002).
21. France: Institut national d'assurance maladie-invalidité, "Médicaments et autres fournitures pharmaceutiques," http://www.inami.fgov.be/drug/fr/index.asp (accessed 21 September 2007);
22. and S. Sandier, V. Paris, and D. Polton, Health Care Systems in Transition: France (Brussels: European Observatory, 2004), 37-43, 92-97.
23. Germany: R. Busse and A. Riesberg, Health Care Systems in Transition: Germany (Brussels: European Observatory, 2004), 73-76, 134-144.
24. Italy: European Observatory, Health Care Systems in Transition: Italy (Brussels: European Observatory, 2001), 46-47, 78-82.
25. Japan: N. Ikegami and J.C. Campbell, "Japan's Health Care System: Containing Costs and Attempting Reform," Health Affairs 23, no. 3 (2004): 26-36;
26. and R. Neimeth, " Japan's Pharmaceutical Industry Postwar Evolution," in The Changing Economics of Medical Technology, ed. A. Gelijns and E.A. Halm (Washington: National Academies Press, 1991).
27. New Zealand: Government of New Zealand, "About PHARMAC," http://www.pharmac.govt.nz/who_are_pharmac.asp (accessed 21 September 2007).
28. Spain: A. Duran, J. Lura, and M. van Waveren, Health Care Systems in Transition: Spain (Brussels: European Observatory, 2006), 45-61.
29. Sweden: C. Hjortsberg and O. Ghatnekar, Health Care Systems in Transitions: Sweden (Brussels: European Observatory on Health Care Systems, 2001), 28-30;
30. and Läkemedelsförmånsnämnden (Pharmaceutical Benefits Board), "The Swedish Pharmaceutical Reimbursement System," January 2007, http://www.lfn.se/upload/Bakgrundsmaterial/ swedish_pharmaceutical_reimbursement_system_070122.pdf (accessed 21 September 2007).
31. United Kingdom: European Observatory, Health Care Systems in Transition: United Kingdom (Brussels: European Observatory, 1999), 28, 38.
32. United States: based on authors' knowledge. See also R. Robinson, "User Charges for Health Care," in Funding Health Care:Options for Europe, ed. E. Mossialos et al. (Maidenhead, England: Open University Press, 2002).
33. J.D. Piette et al., "A Conceptually Based Approach to Understanding Chronically Ill Patients' Responses to Medication Cost Pressures," Social Science and Medicine 62 no. 4 (2006): 846-857.
34. A.M. Fendrick et al., "A Benefit-Based Copay for Prescription Drugs: Patient Contribution Based on Total Benefits, Not Drug Acquisition Cost," American Journal of Managed Care 7, no. 9 (2001): 861-867;
35. and B. Briesacher et al., "Three-Tiered-Copayment Drug Coverage and Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs," Archives of Internal Medicine 164, no. 15 (2004): 1679-1684.