Pathological, entomological, avian and meteorological investigation of a West nile virus epidemic in a horse farm

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

Volumn 55, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 134-139

  Sebastian, M M ^a   Stewart, I ^b   Williams, N M ^b   Poonacha, K B ^b   Sells, S F ^b   Vickers, M L ^b   Harrison, L R ^b  

^a New York Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

Author keywords

Avian; Epidemic; Equine; Pathology; Virus; West nile

Indexed keywords

VIRUS RNA;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; BIRD; CULEX; DISEASE CARRIER; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIC; GENETICS; HORSE; HORSE DISEASE; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; UNITED STATES; VIROLOGY; VIRUS INFECTION; WEST NILE FLAVIVIRUS;

ANIMALS; BIRDS; CULEX; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; DISEASE RESERVOIRS; HORSE DISEASES; HORSES; KENTUCKY; METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA, VIRAL; WEST NILE FEVER; WEST NILE VIRUS;

AVES; CULEX PIPIENS; EQUIDAE; PASSER DOMESTICUS; WEST NILE VIRUS;

EID: 38849101088     PISSN: 18651674     EISSN: 18651682     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2007.01006.x     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Bull, J., 1974 : Birds of New York State. Doubleday/Natural History Press, New York, NY, pp. 166 172.
2. Calisher, C. H., N. Karabatsos, J. M. Dalrymple, R. E. Shope, J. S. Porterfield, E. G. Westaway W. E. Brandt, 1989 : Antigenic relationships between flaviviruses as determined by cross-neutralization tests with polyclonal antisera. J. Gen. Virol. 70, 37 43.
3. Ernek, E., O. Kozuch, J. Nosek, J. Teplan C. Folk, 1977 : Arboviruses in birds captured in Slovakia. J. Hyg. Epidemiol. Microbiol. Immunol. 21, 353 359.
4. Hubalek, Z. J. Halouzka, 1996 : Arthropod-borne viruses of vertebrates in Europe. Acta Sci. Nat. Brno 30, 1 95.
5. Hubalek, Z. J. Halouzka, 1999 : West Nile fever - a reemerging mosquito-borne viral disease in Europe. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 5, 643 650.
6. Hurlbut, H. S., 1956 : West Nile virus infection in arthropods. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 5, 76 85.
7. Jaenson, T. G. T., 1990 : Vector roles of Fennoscadian mosquitoes attracted to mammals, birds and frogs. Med. Vet. Entomol. 4, 221 226.
8. Johnson, D. J., E. N. Ostlund, D. D. Pedersen B. J. Schmitt, 2001 : Detection of North American West Nile virus in animal tissue by a reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction assay. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 7, 639 641.
9. Jupp, P. G., 1974 : Laboratory studies on the transmission of West Nile virus by Culex (Culex univattatus) Theobald; factors influencing the transmission rate. J. Med. Entomol. 11, 455 458.
10. Juricova, Z., I. Literak J. Pinowski, 2000 : Antibodies to arboviruses in house sparrow (Passer domesticus) in the Chech Republic. Acta. Vet. Brno 69, 213 215.
11. Komar, N., J. Burns, D. N. Panella, S. Dusza B. Cherry, 2001 : Serological evidence for West Nile virus infection in birds in Staten island, New York after an outbreak in 2000. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 1, 191 196.
12. Komar, N., S. Langevin, S. Hinten, N. Nemeth, E. Edwards, D. Hettler, B. Davis, R. Bowen M. Bunning. 2003 : Experimental infection of North American birds with the New York 1999 strain of west Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 9, 311 322.
13. Lumsden, L. L., 1958 : St Loius Encephalitis in 1933: observations on epidemiological features. Public Health Rep. 73, 340 353.
14. Malkinson, M. C. Banet, 2002 : The role of birds in the ecology of West Nile virus in Europe and Africa. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 267, 309 322.
15. Mouchet, J., J. Rageau, C. Laumond, C. Hannoun, D. Beytout, J. Oudar, B. Corniou A. Chippaux, 1970 : Epidemiologie du virus West nile: etude d'un foyer en Camargue.V.Le vecteur: Culex modestus Ficalbi Dipetra; Culicidae. Ann. Pasteur. 118, 839 855.
16. Nash, D., F. Mostashari, A. Fine, J. Miller, D. O'Leary, K. Murray, A. Huang, A. Rosenberg, A. Greenberg, M. Sherman, S. Wong, G. L. Campbell, J. T. Roehrig, D. J. Gubler, W.-J. Shieh, S. Zaki, P. Smith M. Layton, 2001 : The outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the New York City area in 1999. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 1807 1814.
17. Nicolescu, G., 1998 : A general characterization of the mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) in the epidemic area for West Nile virus in the south of Romania. Eur. Mosq. Bull. 42, 13 18.
18. Nir, Y., R. Goldwasser, T. Lasowski A. Avivi, 1967 : Isolation of arboviruses from wild birds in Israel. Am. J. Epidemiol. 86, 372 378.
19. Rappole, J. H., S. R. Derrickson Z. Hubálek, 2000 : Migratory birds and spread of West Nile virus in the western hemisphere. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 6, 319 328.
20. Reiter, P., 1988 : Weather vector biology and arboviral recrudescence. In : Monath, T. P. (ed. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology, Vol. I, pp. 245 255. CRC press, Boca Raton, FL.
21. Roberts, J. F., M. L. Vickers, S. F. Sells, D. L. Watson, S. K. Billings, C. B. Jackson, B. L. Palmer-Ball, L. R. Harrison, D. C. Bolin, R. C. Giles M. Sebastian, 2003 : Passive surveillance of West Nile virus from wild birds of Kentucky. Ky Warbler 79, 53 59.
22. Savage, H. M., C. Ceianu, G. Nicolescu, N. Karabatsos, R. Lanciotti, A. Vladimirescu, L. Laiv, A. Ungureanu, C. Romanca T. F. Tsai, 1999 : Entomologic and avian investigations of an epidemic of West Nile fever in Romania in 1996, with serologic and molecular characterization of a virus isolate from mosquitoes. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 61, 600 611.
23. Smithburn, K. C., T. P. Hughes, A. W. Burke J. H. Paul, 1940 : A neurotropic virus isolated from the blood of a native of Uganda. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 20, 471 492.
24. Summers-Smith, J. D., 1963 : The House Sparrow. Collins, London, pp. 25 96.
25. Turell, M. J., M. L. O'Guinn, D. J. Dohm J. W. Jones, 2001 : Vector competence of North American mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile virus. J. Med. Entomol. 38, 130 134.
26. United States Department of Agriculture Animal, Plant health Inspection Service (APHIS) : Current Status of West Nile Virus. Available at: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahps/equine/wnv/maps.html (accessed January 2007).
27. Weiss, D., D. Carr, J. Kellachan, C. Tan, M. Phillips, E. Bresnitz M. Layton, 2000 : Clinical findings of West Nile virus infection in hospitalized patients, New York and New Jersey, 2000. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 7, 654 659.