The anatomy, physics, and physiology of gas exchange surfaces: Is there a universal function for pulmonary surfactant in animal respiratory structures?

Integrative and Comparative Biology

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 610-627

  Orgeig, Sandra ^a,i   Bernhard, Wolfgang ^b   Biswas, Samares C ^c   Daniels, Christopher B ^a,i   Hall, Stephen B ^c   Hetz, Stefan K ^d   Lang, Carol J ^a   Maina, John N ^e   Panda, Amiya K ^f,g,j   Perez Gil, Jesus ^h   Possmayer, Fred ^g   Veldhuizen, Ruud A ^g   Yan, Wenfei ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

^c OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^f BEHALA COLLEGE   (India)

^g UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

^h UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^j UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL   (India)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; AVES; HEXAPODA; INVERTEBRATA; MAMMALIA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 38749139956     PISSN: 15407063     EISSN: 15577023     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/icb/icm079     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Adams FH, Fujiwara T, Emmanouilides GC, Raiha N. 1970. Lung phospholipids of human fetuses and infants with and without hyaline membrane disease. J Pediatr 77:833-41.
2. Bailey TC, Da Silva KA, Lewis JF, Rodriguez-Capote K, Possmayer F, Veldhuizen RAW. 2004. Physiological and inflammatory response to instillation of an oxidized surfactant in a rat model of surfactant deficiency. J Appl Physiol 96:1674-80.
3. Bailey TC, Maruscak AA, Petersen AH, White S, Lewis JF, Veldhuizen RAW. 2006. Physiological effects of oxidized exogenous surfactant in vivo: effects of high tidal volume and surfactant protein A. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 291:L703-9.
4. Bernhard W, Gebert A, Vieten G, Rau GA, Hohlfeld JM, Postle AD, Freihorst J. 2001a. Pulmonary surfactant in birds: coping with surface tension in a tubular lung. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 281:R327-37.
5. Bernhard W, Haagsman HP, Tschernig T, Poets CF, Postle AD, van Eijk ME, von der Hardt H. 1997. Conductive airway surfactant: surface-tension function, biochemical composition, and possible alveolar origin. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 17:41-50.
6. Bernhard W, Hoffmann S, Dombrowsky H, Rau GA, Kamlage A, Kappler M, Haitsma JJ, Freihorst J, von der Hardt H, Poets CF. 2001b. Phosphatidylcholine molecular species in lung surfactant: composition in relation to respiratory rate and lung devdopment. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 25:725-31.
7. Bodine JH. 1928. Insect metabolism - the anaerobic metabolism of an insect (Orthoptera). Biol Bull 55:395-403.
8. Chaby R, Garcia-Verdugo I, Espinassous Q, Augusto LA. 2005. Interactions between LPS and lung surfactant proteins. J Endotoxin Res 11:181-5.
9. Chapman D. 1975. Phase transitions and fluidity characteristics of lipids and cell membranes. Q Rev Biophys 8:185-235.
10. Clements JA. 1967. The alveolar lining layer. In: De Reuck AVS, Porter R, editors. Development of the lung. London: J. and A. Churchill Ltd. p 202-28.
11. Clements JA. 1977. Functions of the alveolar lining. Am Rev Respir Dis 115(6 part 2):67-71.
12. Codd JR, Orgeig S, Daniels CB, Schurch S. 2003. Alterations in surface activity of pulmonary surfactant in Gould's wattled bat during rapid arousal from torpor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 308:463-8.
13. Codd JR, Schürch S, Daniels CB, Orgeig S. 2002. Torporassociated fluctuations in surfactant activity in Gould's wattled bat. Biochim Biophys Acta 1580:57-66.
14. Crane JM, Hall SB. 2001. Rapid compression transforms interfacial monolayers of pulmonary surfactant. Biophys J 80:1863-72.
15. Daniels CB, Orgeig S. 2001. The comparative biology of pulmonary surfactant: past, present and future. Comp Biochem Physiol A 129:9-36.
16. Daniels CB, Orgeig S, Sullivan LC, Ling N, Bennett MB, Schurch S, Val AL, Brauner CJ. 2004. The origin and evolution of the surfactant system in fish: insights into the evolution of lungs and swim bladders. Physiol Biochem Zool 77:732-49.
17. Daniels CB, Wood PG, Lopatko OV, Codd JR, Johnston SD, Orgeig S. 1999. Surfactant in the gas mantle of the snail Helix aspersa. Physiol Biochem Zool 72:691-8.
18. Debenedetti P. 1996. Metastable liquids: concepts and principles. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
19. Enhorning G, Duffy LC, Welliver RC. 1995. Pulmonary surfactant maintains patency of conducting airways in the rat. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151(2 Pt 1):554-6.
20. Enhorning G, Robertson B. 1972. Lung expansion in the premature rabbit fetus after tracheal deposition of surfactant. Pediatrics 50:58-66.
21. Geiser F. 1998. Evolution of daily torpor and hibernation in birds and mammals: importance of body size. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 25:736-9.
22. Gille C, Spring B, Bernhard W, Gebhard C, Basile D, Lauber K, Poets CF, Orlikowsky TW. 2007. Differential effect of surfactant and its saturated phosphatidylcholines on human blood macrophages. J Lipid Res 48:307-17.
23. Gitler C. 1972. Plasticity of biological membranes. Annu Rev Biophys Bioeng 1:51-92.
24. Haagsman HP, Diemel RV. 2001. Surfactant-associated proteins: functions and structural variation. Comp Biochem Physiol A 129:91-108.
25. Heeley EL, Hohlfeld JM, Krug N, Postle AD. 2000. Phospholipid molecular species of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after local allergen challenge in asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 278:L305-11.
26. Horie T, Ardila R, Hildebrandt J. 1974. Static and dynamic properties of excised cat lung in relation to temperature. J Appl Physiol 36:317-22.
27. Horie T, Hildebrandt J. 1971. Dynamic compliance, limit cycles, and static equilibria of excised cat lung. J Appl Physiol 31:423-30.
28. Hyatt BA, Resnik ER, Johnson NS, Lohr JL, Cornfield DN. 2007. Lung specific developmental expression of the Xenopus laevis surfactant protein C and B genes. Gene Expr Patterns 7:8-14.
29. Im Hof V, Gehr P, Gerber V, Lee MM, Schurch S. 1997. In vivo determination of surface tension in the horse trachea and in vitro model studies. Respir Physiol 109:81-93.
30. Inoue H, Inoue C, Hildebrandt J. 1981. Temperature and surface forces in excised rabbit lungs. J Appl Physiol 51:823-9.
31. Inoue H, Inoue C, Hildebrandt J. 1982. Temperature effects on lung mechanics in air- and liquid-filled rabbit lungs. J Appl Physiol 53:567-75.
32. Johnston SD, Daniels CB, Booth DT. 2001. Development of the pulmonary surfactant system in the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas. Respir Physiol 126:75-84.
33. Jungreis AM. 1974. Physiology and composition of molting fluid and midgut lumenal contents in silkmoth Hyalophora cecropia. J Comp Physiol 88:113-27.
34. Jungreis AM. 1979. The physiology of moulting in insects. Adv Insect Physiol 14:109-83.
35. Kestler P. 1985. Respiration and respiratory water loss. In: Hoffmann KH, editor. Environments physiology and biochemistry of insects. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, p 137-83.
36. Krogh A. 1920. Studien über Tracheenrespiration. II. über Gasdiffusion in den Tracheen. Pflügers Arch 179:95-112.
37. Lachmann B, Grossmann G, Nilsson R, Robertson B. 1979. Lung mechanics during spontaneous ventilation in premature and fullterm rabbit neonates. Respir Physiol 38:283-302.
38. Lang CJ, Postle AD, Orgeig S, Possmayer F, Bernhard W, Panda AK, Jürgens KD, Milsom WK, Nag K, Daniels CB. 2005. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine is not the major surfactant phospholipid species in all mammals. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 289:R1426-39.
39. Langman C, Orgeig S, Daniels CB. 1996. Alterations in composition and function of surfactant associated with torpor in Sminthopsis crassicaudata. Am J Physiol 271:R437-45.
40. Lewis BC, Engelman DM. 1983. Lipid bilayer thickness varies linearly with acyl chain length in fluid phosphatidylcholine vesicles. J Mol Biol 166:211-7.
41. Lopatko OV, Orgeig S, Palmer D, Schürch S, Daniels CB. 1999. Alterations in pulmonary surfactant after rapid arousal from torpor in the marsupial Sminthopsis crassicaudata. J Appl Physiol 86:1959-70.
42. Maina JN. 2004. Morphogenesis of the laminated, tripartite cytoarchitectural design of the blood-gas barrier of the avian lung: a systematic electron microscopic study on the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus variant domesticus. Tiss Cell 36:129-39.
43. Maina JN, West JB. 2005. Thin and strong! The bioengineering dilemma in the structural and functions design of the blood-gas barrier. Physiol Rev 85:811-44.
44. Mander A, Langton-Hewer S, Bernhard W, Warner JO, Postle AD. 2002. Altered phospholipid composition and aggregate structure of lung surfactant is associated with impaired lung function in young children with respiratory infections. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 27:714-21.
45. McIntosh TJ. 1978. The effect of cholesterol on the structure of phosphatidylcholine bilayers. Biochim Biophys Acta 513:43-58.
46. McMullen TPW, McElhaney RN. 1996. Physical studies of cholesterol-phospholipid interactions. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 1:83-90.
47. Melchior DL, Steim JM. 1976. Thermotropic transitions in biomembranes. Annu Rev Biophys Bioeng 5:205-238.
48. Miller LD, Wert SE, Whitsett JA. 2001. Surfactant proteins and cell markers in the respiratory epithelium of the amphibian, Ambystoma mexicanum. Comp Biochem Physiol A 129:141-9.
49. Nag K, Fritzen-Garcia M, Devraj R, Panda AK. 2007. Interfacial organizations of gel phospholipid and cholesterol in bovine lung surfactant. Langmuir 23:4421-31.
50. Nicholas TE, Power JHT, Barr HA. 1982. Surfactant homeostasis in the rat lung during swimming exercise. J Appl Physiol 53:1521-8.
51. Nikam TB, Khole VV. 1989. Insect spiracular systems. New York: Halsted Press.
52. Nogee LM. 2004. Alterations in SP-B and SP-C expression in neonatal lung disease. Annu Rev Physiol 66:601-23.
53. Orgeig S, Daniels CB. 1995. The evolutionary significance of pulmonary surfactant in lungfish (Dipnoi). Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 13:161-6.
54. Orgeig S, Daniels CB. 2004. Effects of aging, disease and the environment on the pulmonary surfactant system. In: Harding R, Pinkerton K, Plopper C, editors. The lung: development, aging and the environment. London: Academic Press. p 363-75.
55. Panda AK, Nag K, Harbottle RR, Rodriguez-Capote K, Veldhuizen RA, Petersen NO, Possmayer F. 2004. Effect of acute lung injury on structure and function of pulmonary surfactant films. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 30:641-50.
56. Passonneau JV, Williams CM. 1953. The moulting fluid of the cecropia silkworm. J Exp Biol 30:545-60.
57. Phillips MC, Hauser H. 1974. Spreading of solid glycerides and phospholipids at the air-water interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 49:31-9.
58. Possmayer F. 2004. Physicochemical aspects of pulmonary surfactant. In: Polin RA, Fox WW, Abman SH, editors. Fetal and neonatal physiology. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, p 1014-34.
59. Putz G, Goerke J, Schurch S, Clements JA. 1994. Evluation of a pressure-driven captive bubble surfactometer. J Appl Physiol 76:1417-24.
60. Rodriguez-Capote K, Manzanares D, Haines T, Possmayer F. 2006. Reactive oxygen species inactivation of surfactant involves structural and functional Sterations to surfactant proteins SP-B and SP-C. Biophys J 90:2808-21.
61. Rodriguez-Capote K, McCormack FX, Possmayer F. 2003. Pulmonary surfactant protein-A (SP-A) restores the surface properties of surfactant after oxidation by a mechanism that requires the Cys6 interchain disulfide bond and the phospholipid binding domain. J Biol Chem 278:20461-74.
62. Ryan MA, Akinbi HT, Serrano AG, Perez-Gil J, Wu H, McCormack FX, Weaver TE. 2006. Antimicrobial activity of native and synthetic surfactant protein B peptides. J Immunol 176:416-25.
63. Schmitz A, Perry SF. 1999. Stereological determination of tracheal volume and diffusing capacity of the tracheal walls in the stick insect Carausius morosus (Phasmatodea, Lonchodidae). Physiol Biochem Zool 72:205-18.
64. Schürch S. 1982. Surface tension at low lung volumes: dependence on time and alveolar size. Respir Physiol 48:339-55.
65. Schürch S, Bachofen H, Goerke J, Possmayer F. 1989. A captive bubble method reproduces the in situ behaviour of lung surfactant monolayers. J Appl Physiol 67:2389-96.
66. Serrano AG, Perez-Gil J. 2006. Protein-lipid interactions and surface activity in the pulmonary surfactant system. Chem Phys Lipids 141:105-18.
67. Serrano AG, Ryan M, Weaver TE, Perez-Gil J. 2006. Critical structure-function determinants within the N-terminal region of pulmonary surfactant protein SP-B. Biophys J 90:238-49.
68. Smith EC, Crane JM, Laderas TG, Hall SB. 2003. Metastability of a supercompressed fluid monolayer. Biophys J 85:3048-57.
69. Smith JC, Stamenovic D. 1986. Surface forces in lungs. I. Alveolar surface tension-lung volume relationships. J Appl Physiol 60:1341-50.
70. Sullivan LC, Daniels CB, Phillips ID, Orgeig S, Whitsett JA. 1998. Conservation of surfactant protein A: evidence for a single origin for vertebrate pulmonary surfactant. J Mol Evol 46:131-8.
71. Valberg PA, Brain JD. 1977. Lung surface tension and air space dimensions from multiple pressure-volume curves. J Appl Physiol 43:730-8.
72. Wasserthal LT. 1981. Oscillating haemolymph circulation and discontinuous tracheal ventilation in the giant silk moth Attacus atlas L. J Comp Physiol 145:1-15.
73. Wasserthal LT. 1997. The open haemolymph system of holometabola and its relation to the tracheal space. In: Harrison F, Locke M, editors. Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates. New York: Wiley-Liss. p 583-620.
74. Westneat MW, Betz O, Blob RW, Fezzaa K, Cooper WJ, Lee WK. 2003. Tracheal respiration in insects visualized with synchrotron X-ray imaging. Science 299:558-60.
75. Whitten JM. 1972. Comparative anatomy of the tracheal system. Ann Rev Entomol 17:373-402.
76. Wigglesworth VB. 1930. A theory of tracheal respiration in insects. Proc Roy Soc Lond B 106:229-50.
77. Wigglesworth VB. 1931. The extent of air in the tracheoles of some terrestrial insects. Proc Roy Soc Lond B 109:354-9.
78. Wigglesworth VB. 1935. The regulation of respiration in the flea, Xenopsylla cheopis, Roths. (Pulicidae). Proc Roy Soc Lond B 118:397-419.
79. Wigglesworth VB. 1938. The absorption of fluid from the tracheal system of mosquito larvae at hatching and moulting. J Exp Biol 15:248-54.
80. Wilson TA. 1981. Relations among recoil pressure, surface area, and surface tension in the lung. J Appl Physiol 50:921-30.
81. Wobschall A, Hetz SK. 2004. Oxygen uptake by convection and diffusion in diapausing moth pupae (Attacus atlas). In: Morris S, Vosloo A, editors. Animals and environments. Amsterdam: Elsevier, p 157-64.
82. Yan W, Biswas SC, Laderas TG, Hall SB. 2007. The melting of pulmonary surfactant monolayers. J Appl Physiol 102:1739-45.
83. Yeagle PL. 1985. Cholesterol and the cell membrane. Biochim Biophys Acta 822:267-87.