Factors affecting the production of Vietnamese tones: A study of American learners

Studies in Second Language Acquisition

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 49-77

  Nguyen, Hanh Thi ^a,c   Macken, Marlys A ^b  

^a HAWAII PACIFIC UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^c TESL Programs   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 38649085295     PISSN: 02722631     EISSN: 14701545     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0272263108080030     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Andreev, N. D., & Gordina, M. V. (1957). Sistema tonov vjetnamskogo jazyka (The system of tones of the Vietnamese language). Vestnik Leningradskogo gosudarstvennogo Universiteta: Serija Istorii, Jazyka i Literatury [Vestnik of Leningrad State University: History, language, and literature series], 8, 132-148.
2. Archibald, J. (1992). Transfer of L1 parameter settings: Some empirical evidence from Polish metrics. The Canadian Journal of Linguistics/La Revue Canadienne de Linguistique, 37, 301-339.
3. Bayley, R., & Preston, D. (1996). Second language acquisition and linguistic variation. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
4. Beebe, L. M. (1987). Sociolinguistic variation and style shifting in second language acquisition. In G. loup & S. Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition of a second language sound system (pp. 378-388). Cambridge, MA: Newbury House.
5. Benson, B. (1986). The markedness differential hypothesis: Implications for Vietnamese speakers of English. In F. R. Eckman, E. A. Moravcsik, & J. A. Wirth (Eds.), Markedness (pp. 271-289). New York: Plenum Press.
6. Black, J. W. (1949). Natural frequency, duration and intensity of vowels in readings. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 14, 216-221.
7. Broselow, E., & Finer, D. (1991). Parameter setting in second language phonology and syntax. Second Language Research, 7, 35-39.
8. Broselow, E., Hurtig, R., & Ringen, C. (1987). The perception of second language prosody. In G. loup & S. Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition of a second language sound system (pp. 350-361). Cambridge, MA: Newbury House.
9. Cao, X. H. (1998). Tieng Viet: May van de ngu am, ngu phap, ngu nghia [Vietnamese: Some issues in phonology, syntax, and semantics]. Ho Chi Minh City: Nha Xuat Ban Giao Duc.
10. Celce-Murcia, M., Brinton, D., & Goodwin, J. M. (1997). Teaching pronunciation: A reference for teachers of English to speakers of other languages. New York: Cambridge University Press.
11. Chao, Y. R. (1948). A Mandarin primer: An intensive course in spoken Chinese. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
12. Chen, Q. (2001). Analysis of Mandarin tonal errors in connected speech by English-speaking American adult learners: A study at and above word level. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT.
13. Cheng, C. C. (1973). A quantitative study of tone in Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 1, 93-110.
14. Cheung, S. H. N. (1973, October). Tonal redistribution in the Omei dialect. Paper presented at the 6th International Sino-Tibetan Conference, San Diego, CA.
15. Chiang, R. (1979). Some interferences of English intonations with Chinese tones. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 17, 245-250.
16. Dickerson, L., & Dickerson, W. (1977). Interlanguage phonology: Current research and future directions in the notions of simplification, interlanguage and pidgins. In S. P. Corder & E. Roulet (Eds.), Interlanguages and pidgins and their relationship to second language pedagogy: Actes du 5éme colloque de linguistique appliquée (pp. 18-29). Neufchatel: Librairie Droz.
17. Doan, T. T. (1980). Ngu am tieng Viet [Vietnamese phonology]. Hanoi: Nha Xuat Ban Dai Hoc va Trung Hoc Chuyen Nghiep.
18. Earle, M. (1975). An acoustic phonetic study of northern Vietnamese tones. Santa Barbara, CA: Speech Communications Research Laboratory, Inc.
19. Eliasson, S. (1997). Tone in second language acquisition. In R. Hickey & S. Puppel (Eds.), Language history and linguistic modeling: Vol. 2 (pp. 1273-1289). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
20. Frasier, L., & Fodor, J. D. (1978). The sausage machine: A new two stage parsing model. Cognition, 6, 291-325.
21. Han, M. S., & Kim, K. (1972). Intertonal influences in two-syllable utterances of Vietnamese. Los Angeles: University of Southern California.
22. Hancin-Bhatt, B. (2000). Optimality in second language phonology: Codas in Thai ESL. Second Language Research, 16, 201-232.
23. Haudricourt, A. G. (1954). De l'origine des tons en vietnamien (The origin of tones in Vietnamese). Journal Asiatique, 242, 69-82.
24. Hoang, C. C. (1986). Suy nghi them ve thanh dieu tieng Viet [Some further thoughts on Vietnamese tones]. Ngon Ngu, 3, 19-38.
25. Hombert, J.-M. (1978). Consonant types, vowel quality, and tone. In V. Fromkin (Ed.), Tone: A linguistic survey (pp. 77-111). San Diego: Academic Press.
26. House, A. S., & Fairbanks, G. (1953). The influences of consonant environment upon the secondary acoustical characteristics of vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 25, 105-113.
27. Hyman, L. (Ed.). (1973). Consonant types and tone. Southern California Occasional Papers in Lingustics, 1. Los Angeles: University of Southern California.
28. Jakobson, R. (1963). Implications of language universals for linguistics. In S. Rudy (Ed.), Selected writings: Vol. 2. Word and language (pp. 580-592). The Hague: Mouton.
29. Kim, C. W. (1968). Review of Lieberman 1967 "Intonation, Perception, and Language". Language, 44, 830-842.
30. Kim, D. Y., & Jung, Y. (1998). Adult ESL Korean speakers' interlanguage acquisition of consonant clusters. The SECOL Review, 22, 150-169.
31. Lehiste, I. (1970). Suprasegmentals. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
32. Lin, W. (1985). Teaching Mandarin tones to adult English speakers: Analysis of difficulties with suggested remedies. RELC Journal, 16 31-47.
33. Macken, M., & Ferguson, C. (1987). Phonological universals in language acquisition. In G. Ioup & S. Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition of a second language sound system (pp. 3-22). Cambridge, MA: Newbury House.
34. Miracle, W. C. (1989). Tone production of American students of Chinese: A preliminary acoustic study. Journal of Chinese Language Teaching Association, 24, 49-65.
35. Nguyen, H. Q. (1994). Tieng Viet Hien Dai: Ngu Am, Ngu Phap, Phong Cach [Modern Vietnamese: Phonology, syntax, styles]. Hanoi: Trung Tam Bien Soan Tu Dien Bach Khoa Vietnam.
36. Nguyen, V. L., & Edmonson, J. (1997). Tones and voice quality in modern northern Vietnamese: Instrumental case studies. Mon-Khmer Studies, 28 1-18.
37. Nguyen, V. P. (1999). Van De Loi Cua Sinh Vien Nuoc Ngoai Hoc Tieng Viet: Loi Phat Am Cua Sinh Vien Noi Tieng Anh [Errors by foreign students of Vietnamese: Pronunciation errors by English-speaking students]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation abstract, University of Social Science and Humanities Archive, Hanoi.
38. Nguyen, T., & Ingram, J. (2006, December). Stress, tone and word prosody in Vietnamese compounds. Paper presented at the Australasian International Conference on Speech Science and Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
39. Ohala, J. (1978). Production of tone. In V. Fromkin (Ed.), Tone: A linguistic survey (pp. 5-32). San Diego: Academic Press.
40. Petersen, N. R. (1976). Intrinsic fundamental frequency of Danish vowels. Annual Report of the Institute of Phonetics, University of Copenhagen, 10, 1-27. Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen.
41. Peterson, G. E., & Barney, H. L. (1952). Control methods used in a study of the vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 24, 175-184.
42. Pham, A. H. (2003). Vietnamese tones: A new analysis. London: Routledge.
43. Pulleyblank, E. G. (1970). Late middle Chinese: Part 1. Asia Major, 15, 197-239.
44. Pulleyblank, E. G. (1971). Late middle Chinese: Part 2. Asia Major, 16, 121-168.
45. Rand, D., & Sankoff, D. (1990). Goldvarb: A variable rule application for the Macintosh (Version 2.0) [Computer software]. Montreal, Quebec: University of Montreal.
46. Robinson, J. S., Lawrence, H. R., & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2001). Goldvarb 2001: A multivariate analysis application for Windows (Version 1.0.2.13) [Computer software]. York: University of York.
47. Retrieved October 15, 2005, from http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/lang/ webstuff/goldvarb/
48. Sato, C. (1985). Task variation in interlanguage phonology. In S. M. Gass & C. Madden (Eds.), Input in second language acquisition (pp. 181-198). Cambridge, MA: Newbury House.
49. Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 10, 209-231.
50. Smith, L. (1997). The role of L1 feature geometry in the acquisition of L2 segmental phonology: Acquiring/(theta)/ and /(eth)/in English. Calgary Working Papers in Linguistics, 19, 45-70.
51. Tarone, E. (1979). Interlanguage as chameleon. Language Learning, 29 181-191.
52. Tarone, E. (1985). Variability in interlanguage use: A study of style-shift in morphology and syntax. Language Learning, 35, 373-395.
53. Tarone, E. (1987). The phonology of interlanguage. In G. Ioup & S. Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition of a second language sound system (pp. 70-85). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
54. Vo, X. H. (1997). Nghien Cuu Ve Chuc Nang Cua Thanh Dieu Tieng Viet Theo Phuong Phap Dinh Luong [A quantitative study of the functions of Vietnamese tones]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Education, Hanoi.
55. White, C. M. (1981). Tonal perception errors and interference from English intonation. Journal of Chinese Language Teachers Association, 16, 27-56.
56. Yip, M. (2002). Tone. New York: Cambridge University Press.
57. Zhang, J. (2000). Phonetic duration effects on contour tone distribution. In M. Hirotani, A. Coetzee, N. Hall, & J.-Y. Kim (Eds.), Proceedings of NELS 30: Vol. 2 (pp. 775-785). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University.
58. Zhang, J. (2001). The effects of duration and sonority on contour tone distribution: Typological survey and formal analysis. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.