Simulating the dissolution of a complex dense nonaqueous phase liquid source zone: 2. Experimental validation of an interfacial area-based mass transfer model

Water Resources Research

Volumn 43, Issue 12, 2007, Pages

  Grant, G P ^a,b   Gerhard, J I ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b GEOSYNTEC CONSULTANTS   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW; DISSOLUTION; GROUNDWATER FLOW; MASS TRANSFER; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PECLET NUMBER; PHASE EQUILIBRIA; POROUS MATERIALS;

CORRELATION EXPRESSION; DENSE NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS; INTERFACIAL AREA;

MULTIPHASE FLOW;

BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW; DISSOLUTION; GROUNDWATER FLOW; MASS TRANSFER; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MULTIPHASE FLOW; PECLET NUMBER; PHASE EQUILIBRIA; POROUS MATERIALS;

DIFFUSION; DISSOLUTION; EQUILIBRIUM; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; MASS TRANSFER; NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; NUMERICAL MODEL; POROUS MEDIUM; SIMULATION; THERMODYNAMICS;

EID: 38549169572     PISSN: 00431397     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2007WR006039     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Abriola, L. M. (1989), Modeling multiphase migration of organic chemicals in ground water systems: A review and assessment, Environ. Health Perspect., 83, 117-143.
2. Barry, D. A., H. Prommer, C. T. Miller, P. Engesgaard, A. Bran, and C. Zheng (2002), Modeling the fate of oxidizable organic contaminants in groundwater, Water Resour., 25, 945-983.
3. Bear, J. (1972), Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media, 764 pp., Dover, Mineola, N. Y.
4. Bradford, S. A., and L. M. Abriola (2001), Dissolution of residual tetrachloroethylene in fractional wettability porous media: Incorporation of interfacial area estimates, Water Resour. Res., 37, 1183-1195.
5. Bradford, S. A., and F. J. Leij (1997), Estimating interfacial area for multi-fluid soil systems, J. Contam. Hydrol., 27, 83-105.
6. Bradford, S. A., K. M. Rathfelder, J. Lang, and L. M. Abriola (2003), Entrapment and dissolution of DNAPLs in heterogeneous porous media, J. Contam. Hydrol., 67, 133-157.
7. Brewster, M. L., A. P. Annan, J. P. Greenhouse, B. H. Kueper, G. R. Oldhoeft, J. D. Redman, and K. A. Sander (1995), Observed migration of a controlled DNAPL release by geophysical methods, Ground Water, 33, 977-987.
8. Broholm, K., S. Feentra, and J. A. Cherry (2005), Solvent release into a sandy aquifer: 2. Estimation of DNAPL mass based on a multiple-component dissolution model, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 317-324.
9. Brusseau, M. L., Z. Zhang, N. T. Nelson, R. B. Cain, G. R. Tick, and M. Oostrom (2002), Dissolution of nonuniformly distributed immiscible liquid: Intermediate-scale experiments and mathematical modelling, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1033-1041.
10. Brusseau, M. L., S. Peng, G. Schnaar, and M. S. Costanza-Robinson (2006), Relationships among air-water interfacial area, capillary pressure, and water saturation for a sandy porous medium, Water Resour. Res., 42, W03501, doi:10.1029/2005WR004058.
11. Clayton, G. D., and F. E. Clayton (Eds.) (1981-1982), Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 3rd ed., 2771 pp., John Wiley, New York.
12. Culligan, K. A., D. Wildenschild, B. S. B. Christensen, W. G. Gray, M. L. Rivers, and A. F. B. Tompson (2004), Interfacial area measurements for unsaturated flow through a porous medium, Water Resour. Res., 40, W12413, doi:10.1029/2004WR003278.
13. Culligan, K. A., D. Wildenschild, B. S. B. Christensen, W. G. Gray, and M. L. Rivers (2006), Pore-scale characteristics of multiphase flow in porous media: A comparison of air-water and oil-water experiments, Adv. Water Resour., 29, 227-238.
14. Dalla, E., M. Hilpert, and C. T. Miller (2002), Computation of the interfacial area for two-fluid porous medium systems, J. Contam. Hydrol., 56, 25-48.
15. Dean, J. A. (Ed.) (1985), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 13th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.
16. Dobson, R., M. H. Schroth, M. Oostrom, and J. Zeyer (2006), Determination of NAPL-water interfacial areas in well-characterised porous media, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 815-822.
17. Falta, R. W., P. S. Rao, and N. Basu (2005), Assessing the impacts of partial mass depletion in DNAPL source zones: 1. Analytical modelling of source strength functions and plume response, J. Contam. Hydrol., 78, 259-280.
18. Fure, A. D., J. W. Jawitz, and M. D. Annable (2006), DNAPL source depletion: Linking architecture and flux response, J. Contam. Hydrol., 85, 118-140.
19. Geller, J. T., and J. R. Hunt (1993), Mass transfer from nonaqueous phase organic liquids in water-saturated porous media, Water Resour. Res., 29, 833-845.
20. Gerhard, J. I., and B. H. Kueper (2003a), Capillary pressure characteristics necessary for simulating DNAPL infiltration, redistribution, and immobilization in saturated porous media, Water Resour. Res., 39(8), 1212, doi:10.1029/2002WR001270.
21. Gerhard, J. I., and B. H. Kueper (2003b), Relative permeability characteristics necessary for simulating DNAPL infiltration, redistribution, and immobilization in saturated porous media, Water Resour. Res., 39(8), 1213, doi:10.1029/2002WR001490.
22. Gerhard, J. I., and B. H. Kueper (2003c), Influence of constitutive model parameters on the predicted migration of DNAPL in heterogeneous porous media, Water Resour. Res., 39(10), 1279, doi:10.1029/2002WR001570.
23. Gerhard, J. I., B. H. Kueper, and G. R. Hecox (1998), The influence of waterflood design on the recovery of mobile DNAPLs, Ground Water, 36, 283-292.
24. Grant, G. P. (2006), The evolution of complex DNAPL releases: Rates of migration and dissolution, Ph.D. thesis, 431 pp., Inst. for Infrastruct. and Environ., Univ. of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U. K.
25. Grant, G. P., and J. I. Gerhard (2004), The sensitivity of predicted DNAPL source zone longevity to mass transfer correlation model, in Geoenvironmental Engineering: Integrated Management of Groundwater and Contaminated Land, edited by R. N. Young and H. R. Thomas, pp. 59-66, Thomas Telford, Stratford-upon-Avon, U. K.
26. Grant, G. P., and J. I. Gerhard (2007), Simulating the dissolution of a complex dense nonaqueous phase liquids source zone: 1. Model to predict interfacial area, Water Resour. Res., doi:10.1029/2007WR006038, in press.
27. Grant, G. P., J. I. Gerhard, and B. H. Kueper (2007), Multidimensional validation of a numerical model for simulating a DNAPL release in heterogeneous porous media, J. Contam. Hydrol., 92, 109-128, doi:10.1016/j.jconhyd. 2007.01.003, in press.
28. Guilbeault, M. A., B. L. Parker, and J. A. Cherry (2005), Mass and flux distributions from DNAPL zones in sandy aquifers, Groundwater, 43, 70-86.
29. Hoffmann, B. (1969), Uber die Ausbreitung geloster Kohlenwasserstoffe im Grundwasserleiter: Mitteilungen des Institutes für Wasserwirtschaft und Landwirtschaftlichen, vol. 16, 197 pp., Tech. Univ. of Hanover, Hanover, Germany.
30. Imhoff, P. T., P. R. Jaffe, and G. F. Pinder (1993), An experimental study of complete dissolution of a nonaqueous phase liquid in saturated porous media, Water Resour. Res., 30, 307-320.
31. Kim, H., P. S. C. Rao, and M. D. Annable (1999), Gaseous tracer technique for estimating air-water interfacial areas and interface mobility, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 63, 1554-1560.
32. Kueper, B. H., and E. O. Frind (1991), Two-phase flow in heterogeneous porous media: 2. Model application, Water Resour. Res., 27, 1059-1070.
33. Kueper, B. H., J. D. Redman, R. C. Starr, S. Reitsma, and M. Mah (1993), A field experiment to study the behaviour of tetrachloroethylene below the watertable: Spatial distribution of residual and pooled DNAPL, J. Ground Water, 31, 756-766.
34. Leverett, M. C. (1941), Capillary behaviour in porous solids, Trans. AIME, 142, 152-170.
35. Longino, B. L., and B. H. Kueper (1995), The use of upward gradients to arrest downward dense, nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) migration in the presence of solubilizing surfactants, Can. Geotech. J., 32, 296-308.
36. Mackay, D. M., P. V. Roberts, and J. A. Cherry (1985), Transport of organic contaminants in groundwater, Environ. Sci. Technol., 19, 384-392.
37. Mayer, A. S., and C. T. Miller (1996), The influence of mass transfer characteristics and porous media heterogeneity on nonaqueous phase dissolution, Water Resour. Res., 32, 1551-1568.
38. Miller, C. T., M. M. Poirier-McNeill, and A. S. Mayer (1990), Dissolution of trapped nonaqueous phase liquids: Mass transfer characteristics, Water Resour. Res., 26, 2783-2796.
39. Nambi, I. M., and S. E. Powers (2003), Mass transfer correlations for nonaqueous phase liquid dissolution from regions with high initial saturations, Water Resour. Res., 39(2), 1030, doi:10.1029/2001WR000667.
40. Nelson, P. A., and T. R. Galloway (1975), Particle-to-fluid heat and mass transfer in sense systems of fine particles, Chem. Eng. Sci., 30, 1-6.
41. Park, E., and J. C. Parker (2005), Evaluation of an upscaled model for DNAPL dissolution kinetics in heterogeneous aquifers, Adv. Water Resour., 28, 1280-1291.
42. Parker, J. C., and E. Park (2004), Modeling field-scale dense nonaqueous phase liquid dissolution kinetics in heterogeneous aquifers, Water Resour. Res., 40, W05109, doi:10.1029/2003WR002807.
43. Parker, J. C., A. K. Katyal, J. J. Kaluarachchi, R. J. Lenhard, T. J. Johnson, K. Jayaraman, K. Unlu, and J. L. Zhu (1991), Modeling multiphase organic chemical transport in soils and ground water, Rep. EPA/600/2-91/042, U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Washington, D. C.
44. Pfannkuch, H. O. (1984), Determination of the contaminant source strength from mass exchange processes at the petroleum-groundwater interface in shallow aquifer systems, in Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water, pp. 444-458, Natl. Water Well Assoc., Worthington, Ohio.
45. Powers, S. E., L. M. Abriola, and W. J. Weber Jr. (1992), An experimental investigation of NAPL dissolution in saturated subsurface systems: Steady state mass transfer rates, Water Resour. Res., 28, 2691-2706.
46. Powers, S. E., L. M. Abriola, and W. J. Weber Jr. (1994), An experimental investigation of nonaqueous phase liquid dissolution in saturated subsurface systems: Transient mass transfer rates, Water Resour. Res., 30, 321-332.
47. Powers, S. E., I. M. Nambi, and G. W. Curry (1998), Non-aqueous phase liquid dissolution in heterogeneous systems: Mechanisms and a local equilibrium modeling approach, Water Resour. Res., 34, 3292-3302.
48. Ranz, W. E. (1952), Friction and transfer coefficients for single particles and packed beds, Chem. Eng. Prog., 48, 247-253.
49. Reid, R. C., and T. K. Sherwood (1966), The Properties of Gases and Liquids: Their Estimation and Correlation, 646 pp., McGraw-Hill, New York.
50. Robin, M. J. L., E. A. Sudicky, R. W. Gillham, and R. G. Kachanowski (1991), Spatial variability of strontium distribution coefficients and their correlation with hydraulic conductivity in the Canadian Forces Base Borden aquifer, Water Resour. Res., 27, 2619-2632.
51. Saba, T., and T. H. Illangasekare (2000), Effect of groundwater flow dimensionality on mass transfer from entrapped nonaqueous phase liquid contaminants, Water Resour. Res., 36, 971-979.
52. Saenton, S., and T. H. Illangasekare (2003), Evaluation of benefits of partial source zone treatment using intermediate-scale physical model testing and numerical analysis, in Groundwater Engineering - Recent Advances: Proceedings of the International Symposium, Okayama, Japan, 28-30 May 2003, edited by I. Kono, M. Nishigaki, and M. Komatsu, pp. 25-34, Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia, Pa.
53. Sale, T. C., and D. B. McWhorter (2001), Steady state mass transfer from single-component dense nonaqueous phase liquids in uniform flow fields, Water Resour. Res., 37, 393-404.
54. Schwille, F. (1988), Dense Chlorinated Solvents in Porous and Fractured Media: Model Experiments, translated from German by J. F. Pankow, 146 pp., A. F. Lewis, Boca Raton, Fla.
55. Seagren, E. A., B. E. Rittman, and A. J. Valocchi (1999), A critical evaluation of the local-equilibrium assumption in modelling NAPL-pool dissolution, J. Contam. Hydrol., 39, 109-135.
56. Silliman, S. E. (2001), Laboratory study of chemical transport to wells within heterogeneous porous media, Water Resour. Res., 37, 1883-1892.
57. Sleep, B. E., and J. F. Sykes (1993), Compositional simulation of groundwater contamination by organic compounds: 1. Model development and verification, Water Resour. Res., 29, 1697-1708.
58. Soga, K., J. W. E. Page, and T. H. Illangasekare (2004), A review of NAPL source zone remediation efficiency and the mass flux approach, J. Hazard. Mater., 110, 13-27.
59. Wakao, N., and T. Funazkri (1978), Effect of fluid dispersion coefficients on particle-to-fluid mass transfer coefficients in packed beds, Chem. Eng. Sci., 33, 1375-1384.
60. Welty, C., and M. M. Eisner (1997), Constructing correlated random fields in the laboratory for observations of fluid flow and mass transport, J. Contam. Hydrol., 202, 192-211.
61. Wilke, C. R., and P. Chang (1955), Some measurements in diffusion in liquids, J. Phys. Chem., 59, 592-596.
62. Wilson, E. J., and C. J. Geankopolis (1966), Liquid mass transfer at very low Reynolds numbers in packed beds, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 5, 9-14.
63. Zheng, C. (1990), MT3D, A Modular Three-Dimensional Transport Model for Simulation of Advection, Dispersion and Chemical Reactions of Contaminants in Groundwater Systems, 170 pp., U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Washington, D. C.
64. Zhu, J., and J. F. Sykes (2000), The influence of NAPL dissolution characteristics on field-scale contaminant transport in the subsurface, J. Contam. Hydrol., 41, 133-154.
65. Zilliox, L., P. Muntzer, and J. J. Menanteau (1973), Probleme de l'echange entre un produit petrolier immobile et l'eau en mouvement dans un milieu poreux, Rev. Inst. Fr. Pet., 28, 185-200.