Postnatal growth in preterm infants

Neonatal Nutrition and Metabolism, Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 47-57

  Cooke, Richard J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 38549149425     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511544712.005     Document Type: Chapter

References (73)

1. Carlson, S. J., Ziegler, E. E. Nutrient intakes and growth of very low birth weight infants. J. Perinatol. 1998a;18:252-8.
2. Embleton, N. E., Pang, N., Cooke, R. J. Postnatal malnutrition and growth retardation: an inevitable consequence of current recommendations in preterminfants? Pediatrics 2001;107: 270-3.
3. AAPCON. Nutritional needs of preterm infants. In Kleinman, R. E., ed. Pediatric Nutrition Handbook. Elk Groove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 1998:55-88.
4. Klein, C. J. Nutrient requirements for preterm infant formulas. J. Nutr. 2002:132:1395S-577S.
5. Kashyap, S., Heird, W. C. Protein requirements of low birth weight, very low birth weight, and small for gestational age infants. In Raiha, N., ed. Protein Metabolism during Infancy. NewYork, NY: Raven Press; 1994:133-51.
6. Brace, R. A. Fluid distribution in the fetus and neonate. In Poland, R. A., Fox, W. W., eds. Fetal and Neonatal Physiology. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1998:1703-13.
7. Cooke, R. J., Ford, A., Werkman, S., Conner, C., Watson, D. Postnatal growth in infants born between 700 and 1500 g. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 1993;16:130-5.
8. Bauer, K., Bovermann, G., Roithmaier, A. et al. Body composition, nutrition, and fluid balance during the first two weeks of life in preterm neonates weighing less than 1500 grams. J. Pediatr. 1991;118:615-20.
9. Putet, G. Energy. In Tsang, R. C., Lucas, A., Uauy, R., Zlotkin, S., eds. Nutritional Needs of Preterm Infants: Scientific Basis and Practical Guidelines. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1993:15-28.
10. Anderson, T. L., Muttart, C. R., Bieber, M. A., Nicholson, J. F., Heird, W. C. A controlled trial of glucose versus glucose and amino acids in premature infants. J. Pediatr. 1979;94: 947-51.
11. Cooke, R. J., Werkman, S., Watson, D. Urine output measurement in premature infants. Pediatrics 1989;83:116-18.
12. Ehrenkranz, R. A., Younes, N., Lemons, J. A., et al. Longitudinal growth of hospitalized very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 1999;104:280-9.
13. Wilson, D. C., Cairns, P., Halliday, H. L. et al. Randomised controlled trial of an aggressive nutritional regimen in sick very low birthweight infants. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1997;77:F4-11.
14. Sparks, J. W. Humanintrauterine growthandnutrient accretion. Semin Perinatol. 1984;8:74-93.
15. Sparks, J. W., Ross, J. C., Cetin, I. Intrauterine growth and nutrition. InPolin, R. A., Fox, W. W., eds. Fetal andNeonatology Physiology. 2ndedn. Philadelphia, PA:WBSaundersCo;1998:267-89.
16. Gallivan, S., Robson, S. C., Chang, T. C., Vaughan, J., Spencer, J. A. Aninvestigation of fetal growthusingserial ultrasounddata. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 1993;3:109-14.
17. Chang, T. C., Robson, S. C., Spencer, J. A., Gallivan, S. Ultrasonic fetal weight estimation: analysis of inter-and intra-observer variability. J. Clin. Ultrasound 1993;21:515-19.
18. Robson, S. C., Gallivan, S., Walkinshaw, S. A., Vaughan, J., Rodeck, C. H. Ultrasonic estimation of fetal weight: use of targeted formulas in small for gestational age fetuses. Obstet. Gynecol. 1993;82:359-64.
19. Lubchenco, L. O. Intrauterine growth as estimated from liveborn birth-weight data at 24 to 42weeks of gestation. Pediatrics 1963;32:793-800.
20. Usher, R., McLean, F. Intrauterinegrowthof live-bornCaucasian infants at sea level: standards obtained from measurements in 7 dimensions of infants born between 25 and 44 weeks of gestation. J. Pediatr. 1969;74:901-10.
21. Gruenwald, P. Growth of thehumanfetus. I. Normal growth and its variation. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1966;94:1112-19.
22. Thompson, J. M., Clark, P. M., Robinson, E. et al. Risk factors for small-for-gestational-age babies: The AucklandBirthweight Collaborative Study. J. Paediatr. Child Health 2001;37:369-75.
23. Arbuckle, T. E., Wilkins, R., Sherman, G. J. Birth weight percentiles by gestational age in Canada. Obstet. Gynecol. 1993;81:39-48.
24. Battaglia, F. C., Frazier, T. M., Hellegers, A. E. Birth weight, gestational age, and pregnancy out-come, with special reference to high birth weight-low gestational age infant. Pediatrics 1966;37:417-22.
25. Berg, A. T., Bracken, M. B. Measuring gestational age: an uncertain proposition. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 1992;99: 280-2.
26. Naeye, R. L., Dixon, J. B. Distortions in fetal growth standards. Pediatr. Res. 1978;12:987-91.
27. Briend, A. Normal fetal growth regulation: nutritional aspects. In Gracey, M. G., Falkner, F., eds. Nutritional Needs and Assessment ofNormalGrowth. New York, NY:Raven Press; 1985:1-21.
28. Fedrick, J., Adelstein, P. Factors associated with lowbirthweight of infants delivered at term. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 1978;85:1-7.
29. Larsen, T., Greisen, G., Petersen, S. Prediction of birth weight by ultrasound-estimated fetal weight: a comparison between single and repeated estimates. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 1995;60:37-40.
30. Larsen, T., Petersen, S., Greisen, G., Larsen, J. F. Normal fetal growth evaluated by longitudinal ultrasound examinations. Early Hum. Dev. 1990;24:37-45.
31. Greisen, G. Estimation of fetalweight by ultrasound. Horm. Res. 1992;38:208-10.
32. Thomson, A. M., Billewicz, W. Z., Hytten, F. E. The assessment of fetalgrowth. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw. 1968;75:903-16.
33. Babson, S. G., Behrman, R. E., Lessel, R. Fetal growth. Liveborn birth weights for gestational age of white middle class infants. Pediatrics 1970;45:937-44.
34. Brenner, W. E., Edelman, D. A., Hendricks, C. H. A standard of fetal growth for the United States of America. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1976;126:555-64.
35. Alexander, G. R., Himes, J. H., Kaufman, R. B., Mor, J., Kogan, M. A United States national reference for fetal growth. Obstet. Gynecol. 1996;87:163-8.
36. Babson, S. G., Bramhall, J. L. Diet and growth in the premature infant. The effect of different dietary intakes of ashelectrolyte and protein on weight gain and linear growth. J. Pediatr. 1969;74:890-900.
37. Davies, D. P. Physical growth from fetus to early childhood. In Dobbing, J., ed. Scientific Foundation of Paediatrics. London: William Heinemann; 1981:303-30.
38. Lucas, A. Enteral nutrition. In Tsang, R., Lucas, A., Uauy, R., Zlotkin, S., eds. NutritionalNeedsofthePretermInfant: Scientific Basis and Practical Guidelines. Pawling, NY: CaduceusMedical Publishers, Inc. forWilliams &Wilkins; 1993:209-23.
39. Fomon, S. Sizeandgrowth. InFomon, S., ed. Nutrition ofNormal Infants. 2nd edn. St Louis, MO:Mosby; 1993:36-84.
40. Hermanussen, M. Knemometry, anewtool for the investigation of growth. A review. Eur. J. Pediatr. 1988;147:350-5.
41. Davies, H. A., Pickering, M., Wales, J. K. Aportable knemometer: a technique for assessment of short-term growth. Ann. Hum. Biol. 1996;23:149-57.
42. Gibson, A. T., Pearse, R. G., Wales, J. K. Knemometry and the assessment of growth in premature babies. Arch. Dis. Child. 1993;69:498-504.
43. Wales, J. K., Milner, R. D. Knemometry in assessment of linear growth. Arch. Dis. Child. 1987;62:166-71.
44. Griffin, I. J., Pang, N. M., Perring, J., Cooke, R. J. Knee-heel length measurement in healthy preterminfants. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Edn 1999;81:F50-5.
45. Katrine, K. F. Anthropometric assessment. In Groh-Wargo, S., Thompson, M., Cox, J., eds. NutritionalCare forHigh-RiskNewborns. 3rd edn. Chicago, IL: Precept Press; 2000:11-22.
46. Brunton, J. A., Bayley, H. S., Atkinson, S. A. Validation and application of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to measure bone mass and body composition in small infants. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1993;58:839-45.
47. Roubenoff, R., Kehayias, J. J., Dawson-Hughes, B., Heymsfield, S. B. Use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in bodycomposition studies:Not yet a ‘gold standard’. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1993;58:589-91.
48. Tothill, P., Roubenoff, R., Kehayias, J. J., Dawson Hughes, B., Heymsfield, S. B. Limitations of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (1). Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1995;61:398-400.
49. Picaud, J. C., Rigo, J., Nyamugabo, K., Milet, J., Senterre, J. Evaluation of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for bodycomposition assessment in piglets and termhuman neonates. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1996;63:157-63.
50. Brunton, J. A., Weiler, H. A., Atkinson, S. A. Improvement in the accuracy of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry for whole body and regional analysis of body composition: validation using pigletsandmethodologicconsiderations in infants. Pediatr. Res. 1997;41:590-6.
51. Cooke, R. J., Rawlings, D. J., McCormick, K. et al. Body composition of preterm infants during infancy. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Edn. 1999;80:F188-91.
52. Fomon, S., Haschke, F., Ziegler, E., Nelson, S. Body composition of reference children from birth to age 10 years. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1982;35:1169-75.
53. Hannan, W. J., Cowen, S. J., Wrate, R. M., Barton, J. Improvedprediction of bone mineral content and density. Arch. Dis. Child. 1995;72:147-9.
54. Braillon, P. M., Salle, B. L., Brunet, J. et al. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry measurement of bone mineral content in newborns: validation of the technique. Pediatr. Res. 1992;32:77-80.
55. Pieltain, C., DeCurtis, M., Gerard, P., Rigo, J. Weight gaincomposition in preterminfants with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Pediatr. Res. 2001;49:120-4.
56. Cooke, R. J., McCormick, K., Griffin, I. J. et al. Feeding preterm infants after hospital discharge: effect of diet on body composition. Pediatr Res. 1999;46:461-4.
57. Ernst, J. A., Bull, M. J., Rickard, K. A., Brady, M. S., Lemons, J. A. Growth outcome and feeding practices of the very low birth weight infant (less than 1500 grams) within the first year of life. J. Pediatr. 1990;117:S156-6.
58. Casey, P. H., Kraemer, H. C., Bernbaum, J. et al. Growth patterns of low birth weight preterminfants: a longitudinal analysis of a large, varied sample. J. Pediatr. 1990;117:298-307.
59. Fitzhardinge, P. M., Inwood, S. Long-term growth in small-fordate children. Acta Paediatr. Scand. Suppl. 1989;349:27-34.
60. Fenton, T. R., McMillan, D. D., Sauve, R. S. Nutrition and growth analysis of very lowbirthweight infants. Pediatrics 1990;86:378-83.
61. Kitchen, W. H., Doyle, L. W., Ford, G. W., Callanan, C. Very low birth weight and growth to age 8 years. I: Weight and height. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1992;146:40-5.
62. Kitchen, W. H., Doyle, L. W., Ford, G. W. et al. Very low birth weight and growth to age 8 years. II:Head dimensions and intelligence. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1992;146:46-50.
63. Ross, G., Lipper, E. G., Auld, P. A. Growth achievement of very low birth weight premature children at school age. J. Pediatr. 1990;117:307-9.
64. McCormick, M. C., Shapiro, S., Starfield, B. H. Rehospitalization in the first year of life for high-risk survivors. Pediatrics 1980;66:991-9.
65. Hack, M., Caron, B., Rivers, A., Fanaroff, A. A. The very low birth weight infant: the broader spectrum of morbidity during infancy and early childhood. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 1983;4: 243-9.
66. Navas, L., Wang, E., de Carvalho, V., Robinson, J. Improved outcome of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a high-risk hospitalized population of Canadian children. Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada. J. Pediatr. 1992;121:348-54.
67. Thomas, M., Bedford-Russel, A., Sharland, M. Hospitalisation of RSV infection in ex-preterm infants-implications for RSV immune globulin. Arch. Dis. Child. 2000;83:122-7.
68. Wang, E., Law, B., Stephens, D. Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC) prospective study of risk factors and outcomes in patients hospitalised with respiratory syncytial viral lower respiratory tract infection. J. Pediatr. 1995;126:212-19.
69. Lucas, A., Bishop, N. J., King, F. J., Cole, T. J. Randomised trial of nutrition for preterm infants after discharge. Arch. Dis. Child. 1992;67:324-7.
70. Bishop, N. J., King, F. J., Lucas, A. Increased bone mineral content of preterm infants fed with a nutrient enriched formula after discharge from hospital. Arch. Dis. Child. 1993;68: 573-8.
71. Chan, G. M., Borschel, M. W., Jacobs, J. R. Effects of human milk or formula feeding on the growth, behavior, and protein status of preterminfants discharged from the newborn intensive care unit. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1994;60:710-16.
72. Cooke, R. J., Griffin, I. J., McCormick, K., et al. Feeding preterm infants after hospital discharge: Effect of dietary manipulation on nutrient intake and growth. Pediatr. Res. 1998;43: 355-60.
73. Carver, J. D., Wu, P. Y., Hall, R. T., et al. Growth of preterminfants fed nutrient-enriched or termformula after hospital discharge. Pediatrics 2001;107:683-9.