A Doppler radar emulator with an application to the detectability of tornadic signatures

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

Volumn 24, Issue 12, 2007, Pages 1973-1996

  May, Ryan M ^a,b   Biggerstaff, Michael I ^a   Xue, Ming ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

^b National Weather Center   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DOPPLER RADAR; THUNDERSTORMS; TORNADOES; VORTICITY; WEATHER FORECASTING;

ADVANCED REGIONAL PREDICTION SYSTEM; DOPPLER RADAR EMULATOR;

METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS;

ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DOPPLER RADAR; METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS; THUNDERSTORMS; TORNADOES; VORTICITY; WEATHER FORECASTING;

AZIMUTH; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CYCLONE; DETECTION METHOD; DOPPLER RADAR; REFLECTIVITY; REMOTE SENSING; THUNDERSTORM; TORNADO;

EID: 38549132970     PISSN: 07390572     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2007JTECHA882.1     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Battan, L. J., 1971: Radar attenuation by wet ice spheres. J. Appl. Meteor., 10, 247-252.
2. Battan, L. J., 1973: Radar Observation of the Atmosphere. University of Chicago Press, 324 pp.
3. Bean, B. R., and E. J. Dutton, 1966: Radio Meteorology. National Bureau of Standards Monogr., No. 92, U.S. Government Printing Office, 435 pp.
4. Brandes, E. A., G. Zhang, and J. Vivekanandan, 2002: Experiments in rainfall estimation with a polarimetric radar in a subtropical environment. J. Appl. Meteor., 41, 674-685.
5. Brotzge, J. A., K. Brewster, B. Johnson, B. Philips, M. Preston, D. Westbrook, and M. Zink, 2005: CASA's first testbed: Integrated project #1. Preprints, 32nd Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Albuquerque, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 14R.2.
6. Brown, R. A., L. R. Lemon, and D. W. Burgess, 1978: Tornado detection by pulsed Doppler radar. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 29-38.
7. Brown, R. A., V. T. Wood, and D. Sirmans, 2002: Improved tornado detection using simulated and actual WSR-88D data with enhanced resolution. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 1759-1771.
8. Burgess, D. W., R. J. Donaldson Jr., and P. R. Desrochers, 1993: Tornado detection and warning by radar. The Tornado: Its Structure, Dynamics, Prediction, and Hazards, Geophys. Monogr., Vol. 79, Amer. Geophys. Union, 203-221.
9. Capsoni, C., and M. D'Amico, 1998: A physically based radar simulator. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 593-598.
10. Capsoni, C., M. D'Amico, and R. Nebuloni, 2001: A multiparameter polarimetric radar simulator. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 18, 1799-1809.
11. Chandrasekar, V., and V. N. Bringi, 1987: Simulation of radar reflectivity and surface measurements of rainfall. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 4, 464-478.
12. Crum, T. D., and R. L. Alberty, 1993: The WSR-88D and the WSR-88D operational support facility. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 1669-1687.
13. Doviak, R. J., and D. S. Zrnić, 1993: Doppler Radar and Weather Observations. 2d ed. Academic Press, 562 pp.
14. Forsyth, D. E., and Coauthors, 2005: The National Weather Radar Testbed (phased-array). Preprints, 32nd Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Albuquerque, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 12R.3.
15. Fujita, T. T., 1971: Proposed characterization of tornadoes and hurricanes by area and intensity. SMRP Research Rep. 91, University of Chicago, 15 pp.
16. Gray, G., B. Lewis, J. Vinson, and F. Pratte, 1989: A real-time implementation of staggered PRT velocity unfolding. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 6, 186-187.
17. Kerr, D. E., 1951: Propagation of Short Radio Waves. McGraw-Hill, 728 pp.
18. Kessler, E., 1969: On the Distribution and Continuity of Water Substance in Atmospheric Circulations. Meteor. Monogr., No. 32, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84 pp.
19. Krajewski, W. F., R. Raghavan, and V. Chandrasekar, 1993: Physically based simulation of radar rainfall data using a space-time rainfall model. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 268-283.
20. Lemon, L. R., and C. A. Doswell III, 1979: Severe thunderstorm evolution and mesocyclone structure as related to tornado-genesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 1184-1197.
21. Lewellen, W. S., D. C. Lewellen, and R. I. Sykes, 1997: Large-eddy simulation of a tornado's interaction with the surface. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 581-605.
22. Liu, S., M. Xue, and Q. Xu, 2007: Using wavelet analysis to detect tornadoes from Doppler radar radial-velocity observations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 24, 344-359.
23. Marshall, J. S., and W. M. Palmer, 1948: 'Me distribution of raindrops with size. J. Atmos. Sci., 5, 165-166.
24. Mie, G., 1908: Beigrade zur Optik truber Medien, speziell kolloidaler Metallosungen. Ann. Phys., 25, 377-445.
25. Ray, P. S., B. Johnson, K. W. Johnson, J. S. Bradberry, J. J. Stephens, K. K. Wagner, R. B. Wilhelmson, and J. B. Klemp, 1981: The morphology of several tornadic storms on 20 May 1977. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1643-1663.
26. Ryde, J. W., and D. Ryde, 1945: Attenuation of centimeter and millimeter waves by rain, hail, fogs, and clouds. General Electric Co. Rep. 8670.
27. Saxton, J. A., 1946: Meteorological Factors in Radio-Wave Propagation. Physical Society, 325 pp.
28. Ulbrich, C. W., 1983: Natural variations in the analytical form of the raindrop size distribution. J. Appl. Meteor., 22, 1764-1775.
29. Waterman, P. C., 1965: Matrix formulation of electromagnetic scattering. Proc. IEEE, 53, 805-812.
30. Wicker, L. J., and R. B. Wilhelmson, 1995: Simulation and analysis of tornado development and decay within a three-dimensional supercell thunderstorm. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2675-2703.
31. Wood, V. T., and R. A. Brown, 1997: Effects of radar sampling on single-Doppler velocity signatures of mesocyclones and tornadoes. Wea. Forecasting, 12, 928-938.
32. Wood, V. T., R. A. Brown, and D. Sirmans, 2001: Technique for improving detection of WSR-88D mesocyclone signatures by increasing angular sampling. Wea. Forecasting, 16, 177-184.
33. Xue, M., K. K. Droegemeier, V. Wong, A. Shapiro, and K. Brewster, 1995: ARPS version 4.0 user's guide. 380 pp. [Available online at http://www.caps.ou.edu/ARPS.]
34. Xue, M., K. K. Droegemeier, and V. Wong, 2000: The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) - A multiscale nonhydrostatic atmospheric simulation and prediction tool. Part I: Model dynamics and verification. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 75, 161-193.
35. Xue, M., and Coauthors, 2001: The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) - A multiscale nonhydrostatic atmospheric simulation and prediction tool. Part II: Model physics and applications. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 76, 143-166.
36. Xue, M., M. Tong, and K. K. Droegemeier, 2006: An OSSE frame-work based on the ensemble square root Kalman filter for evaluating the impact of data from radar networks on thunderstorm analysis and forecasting. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 23, 46-66.
37. Xue, M., S. Liu, and T-Y. Yu, 2007: Variational analysis of over-sampled dual-Doppler radial velocity data and application to the analysis of tornado circulations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 24, 403-414.
38. Zrnić, D. S., 1975: Simulation of weatherlike Doppler spectra and signals. J. Appl. Meteor., 14, 619-620.