메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 97, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 773-780

Estimating the burden of disease attributable to lead exposure in South Africa in 2000

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GASOLINE; LEAD; PAINT;

EID: 38449093617     PISSN: 02569574     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (17)

References (40)
  • 3
    • 0030621316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead poisoning in children in Africa, II. Kwazulu/Natal, South Africa
    • Nriagu J, Champak CJ, Naidoo R, Coutsoudis A. Lead poisoning in children in Africa, II. Kwazulu/Natal, South Africa. Sci Total Environ 1997; 197: 1-11.
    • (1997) Sci Total Environ , vol.197 , pp. 1-11
    • Nriagu, J.1    Champak, C.J.2    Naidoo, R.3    Coutsoudis, A.4
  • 4
    • 0026596127 scopus 로고
    • Lead levels in preindustrial humans
    • Flegal AR, Smith DR. Lead levels in preindustrial humans. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 1293-1294.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 1293-1294
    • Flegal, A.R.1    Smith, D.R.2
  • 7
    • 0025897424 scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with elevated blood lead levels in inner city Cape Town children
    • Von Schirnding YER, Fuggle RF, Bradshaw D. Factors associated with elevated blood lead levels in inner city Cape Town children. S Afr Med J 1991; 79: 454-456.
    • (1991) S Afr Med J , vol.79 , pp. 454-456
    • Von Schirnding, Y.E.R.1    Fuggle, R.F.2    Bradshaw, D.3
  • 11
    • 32544453019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reductions in blood lead levels among school children following the introduction of unleaded petrol in South Africa
    • Mathee A, Rïollin H, von Schirnding Y, Levin J, Naik I. Reductions in blood lead levels among school children following the introduction of unleaded petrol in South Africa. Environ Res 2006; 100: 319-322.
    • (2006) Environ Res , vol.100 , pp. 319-322
    • Mathee, A.1    Rïollin, H.2    von Schirnding, Y.3    Levin, J.4    Naik, I.5
  • 12
    • 19444380663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary study of residential paint lead concentrations in Johannesburg
    • Montgomery M, Mathee A. A preliminary study of residential paint lead concentrations in Johannesburg. Environ Res 2005; 98: 279-283.
    • (2005) Environ Res , vol.98 , pp. 279-283
    • Montgomery, M.1    Mathee, A.2
  • 13
    • 0037010474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease
    • Ezzati M, Lopez A, Rodgers A, Vander Hoorn S, Murray C. Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease. Lancet 2002; 360: 1347-1360.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 1347-1360
    • Ezzati, M.1    Lopez, A.2    Rodgers, A.3    Vander Hoorn, S.4    Murray, C.5
  • 14
    • 0003732386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization, 2002. Geneva: WHO
    • World Health Organization. World Health Report 2002. Geneva: WHO, 2002.
    • (2002) World Health Report
  • 15
    • 55949110195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mathee A. Blood lead levels in first grade South African children - A geographic and temporal analysis. PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, 2007.
    • Mathee A. Blood lead levels in first grade South African children - A geographic and temporal analysis. PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, 2007.
  • 17
    • 55849093916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics South Africa, Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, last accessed 31 January 2007
    • Statistics South Africa. Census 2001: Metadata. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, 2004. http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/html/ C2001metadata.asp (last accessed 31 January 2007).
    • (2004) Census 2001: Metadata
  • 18
    • 0025020068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schwartz J, Landrigan PJ, Baker EL jun., Orenstein WA, von Lindern IH. Lead-induced anemia: dose-response relationships and evidence for a threshold. Am J Public Health 1990; 80:165-168.
    • Schwartz J, Landrigan PJ, Baker EL jun., Orenstein WA, von Lindern IH. Lead-induced anemia: dose-response relationships and evidence for a threshold. Am J Public Health 1990; 80:165-168.
  • 20
    • 0028214958 scopus 로고
    • Low-level lead exposure and children's IQ: A meta-analysis and search for a threshold
    • Schwartz J. Low-level lead exposure and children's IQ: a meta-analysis and search for a threshold. Environ Res 1994; 65: 42-55.
    • (1994) Environ Res , vol.65 , pp. 42-55
    • Schwartz, J.1
  • 22
    • 0003457883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization, 2001. Geneva: WHO
    • World Health Organization. World Health Report 2001. Geneva: WHO, 2001.
    • (2001) World Health Report
  • 24
    • 0003093325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020
    • Murray CJ, Lopez AD, eds, Boston: Harvard School of Public Health on behalf of the World Health Organization and the World Bank
    • Murray CJ, Lopez AD, eds. The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020. Vol. 1. Global Burden of Disease and Injury series. Boston: Harvard School of Public Health on behalf of the World Health Organization and the World Bank, 1996.
    • (1996) Global Burden of Disease and Injury series , vol.1
  • 25
    • 0038379947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mathers CD, Vos T, Lopez AD, Salomon J, Ezzati M, eds, 2nd ed. Global Program on Evidence for Health Policy. Geneva: World Health Organization;, last accessed January 2007
    • Mathers CD, Vos T, Lopez AD, Salomon J, Ezzati M, eds. National Burden of Disease Studies: A Practical Guide. 2nd ed. Global Program on Evidence for Health Policy. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001.http://www.who.int/healthinfo/nationalburdenofdiseasemanual.pdf (last accessed January 2007).
    • (2001) National Burden of Disease Studies: A Practical Guide
  • 26
  • 29
    • 0033627482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How lead exposure relates to temporal changes in IQ, violent crime, and unwed pregnancy
    • Nevin R. How lead exposure relates to temporal changes in IQ, violent crime, and unwed pregnancy. Environ Res 2000; 83:1-22.
    • (2000) Environ Res , vol.83 , pp. 1-22
    • Nevin, R.1
  • 30
    • 0035820373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal cohort study of childhood IQ and survival up to age 76
    • Whalley LJ, Deary IJ. Longitudinal cohort study of childhood IQ and survival up to age 76. BMJ 2000; 322: 819-822.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.322 , pp. 819-822
    • Whalley, L.J.1    Deary, I.J.2
  • 31
    • 0028968553 scopus 로고
    • Lead, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease in men
    • Schwartz J. Lead, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease in men. Arch Environ Health 1995; 50: 31-37
    • (1995) Arch Environ Health , vol.50 , pp. 31-37
    • Schwartz, J.1
  • 32
    • 0036184447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An epidemiological re-appraisal of the association between blood pressure and blood lead: A meta-analysis
    • Nawrot TS, Thijs L, Den Hond EM, Roels HA, Staessen JA. An epidemiological re-appraisal of the association between blood pressure and blood lead: a meta-analysis. J Hum Hypertens 2002; 16: 123-131.
    • (2002) J Hum Hypertens , vol.16 , pp. 123-131
    • Nawrot, T.S.1    Thijs, L.2    Den Hond, E.M.3    Roels, H.A.4    Staessen, J.A.5
  • 33
    • 0037079309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: A meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies
    • Prospective Studies Collaboration
    • Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360: 1903-1913.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 1903-1913
  • 34
    • 38449100696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norman R, Gaziano T, Laubscher R, Steyn K, Bradshaw D and the South African Comparative Risk Assessment Collaborating Group. Estimating the burden of disease attributable to high blood pressure in South Africa in 2000. S Afr Med J 2007; 97: 692-698 (this issue).
    • Norman R, Gaziano T, Laubscher R, Steyn K, Bradshaw D and the South African Comparative Risk Assessment Collaborating Group. Estimating the burden of disease attributable to high blood pressure in South Africa in 2000. S Afr Med J 2007; 97: 692-698 (this issue).
  • 35
    • 55949137865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palisade Corporation. ®ISK software version 4.5 for Excel. New York: Palisade Corporation, 2002
    • Palisade Corporation. ®ISK software version 4.5 for Excel. New York: Palisade Corporation, 2002.
  • 36
    • 0025743706 scopus 로고
    • The aetiology of intellectual disability in Western Australia: A community-based study
    • Wellesley D, Hockey A, Stanley F. The aetiology of intellectual disability in Western Australia: a community-based study. Dev Med Child Neurol 1991; 33: 963-973.
    • (1991) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.33 , pp. 963-973
    • Wellesley, D.1    Hockey, A.2    Stanley, F.3
  • 37
    • 0028821150 scopus 로고
    • Management of childhood lead poisoning: Clinical impact and cost-effectiveness
    • Glotzer DE, Freedberg KA, Bauchner H. Management of childhood lead poisoning: clinical impact and cost-effectiveness. Med Decis Making 1995; 15: 13-24.
    • (1995) Med Decis Making , vol.15 , pp. 13-24
    • Glotzer, D.E.1    Freedberg, K.A.2    Bauchner, H.3
  • 38
    • 0036077868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic gains resulting from the reduction in children's exposure to lead in the United States
    • Grosse SD, Matte TD, Schwartz J, Jackson RJ. Economic gains resulting from the reduction in children's exposure to lead in the United States. Environ Health Perspect 2002; 110: 563-569.
    • (2002) Environ Health Perspect , vol.110 , pp. 563-569
    • Grosse, S.D.1    Matte, T.D.2    Schwartz, J.3    Jackson, R.J.4
  • 39
    • 0028152584 scopus 로고
    • Preventing childhood lead poisoning
    • Needleman HL. Preventing childhood lead poisoning. Prev Med 1994; 23: 634-637.
    • (1994) Prev Med , vol.23 , pp. 634-637
    • Needleman, H.L.1
  • 40
    • 55949103157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declaration of Leaded Paint as Group 1 Hazardous Substance
    • Republic of South Africa Government Gazette, 4 May 29840
    • Republic of South Africa Government Gazette. Declaration of Leaded Paint as Group 1 Hazardous Substance. Regulation Gazette No. 8676 Vol 503 (No. 29840), 4 May 2007.
    • (2007) Regulation Gazette No. 8676 , vol.503


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.