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1
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0001236747
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A. D. Sakharov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR
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(1968)
Sov. Phys. Dokl.
, vol.12
, pp. 1040
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4
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84926914216
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M. Planck, The Theory of Heat Radiation (Blackinston, London, 1914), translated by M. Masius (republished by Dover, New York, 1959).
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13
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84926933019
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in Foundations of Radiation Theory & Quantum Electrodynamics, edited by A. O. Barut (Plenum, New York, 1980), Vol. 49, and references therein to previous work of this author.
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14
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84926876660
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L. de la Peña, in Stochastic Processes Applied to Physics and other Related Fields, edited by B. Gomez et al. (World Scientific, Singapore, 1983).
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18
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84926876659
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L. de la Peña, in Stochastic Processes Applied to Physics and Other Related Fields, edited by B. Gómez et al. (World Scientific, Singapore, 1983);
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22
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84926895485
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and references therein.
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23
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0000295002
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Among objections to the reality of the ZPF, the two major ones appear to be our apparent inability to perceive such a seemingly intense (hence one would think obvious) radiation field and the ``cosmological-constant problem'' LAMBDA problem, see
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(1991)
Astrophys. J.
, vol.378
, pp. 466
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Wesson, P.S.1
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24
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0000323835
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or Space Sci. Rev. 59, 365 (1992) for the most recent discussion. With regard to the first, perception, and indeed any type of measurement, is a matter of response to differences. While it might be argued that the eye, or an instrument, is perfectly capable of registering the presence of a featureless surrounding, uniformly intense surface brightness, such a perception would depend on there being a net flux into the detector, i.e., a difference between the outside and the inside of a detector, the inside of the detector being shielded from the outside, hence dark and absorbing with respect to the external radiation field. A radiation field that is uniform everywhere in space, including inside the would-be detector, would appear to be undetectable. Only if matter could be arranged so as to somehow create nonuniformities in this radiation field would there be a mechanism for detection. In fact, conducting plates can be used to alter the ZPF, and this does indeed make [Truncated]
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(1993)
Phys. Rev. Lett.
, vol.70
, pp. 560
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Sukenkik, C.L.1
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26
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84926876658
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See, for example, W. H. Louisell, Quantum Statistical Properties of Radiation (Wiley, New York, 1973), p. 258 and p. 285 ff.
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28
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84926933017
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C. Itzykson and J.-B. Zuber, Quantum Field Theory (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1980), p. 14 for the quantum derivation.
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37
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84926876657
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Within the quantum viewpoint it is expected that every Lorentz invariant theory should have a Lorentz invariant vacuum, so the ZPF of QED should be expected to be Lorentz invariant;
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38
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84926914215
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see, e.g., T. D. Lee, in A Festschrift for Maurice Goldhaber, edited by G. Feinberg, A. W. Sunyar, and J. Weneser [Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci., Ser. II 40, (1980)].
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46
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84926914214
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W. Rindler, Special Relativity (Interscience, New York, 1960); Introduction to Special Relativity (Clarendon, Oxford, 1991), p. 91.
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47
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84926876656
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See, for example, Eq. (11.115) in J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics (Wiley, New York, 1962), which for this situation becomes Eq. (15) of Boyer, Ref. [5].
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48
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84926876654
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See W. Rindler, Special Relativity, Ref. [27], p. 40.
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49
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84926895482
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Boyer, Eq. (14) in Ref. [5].
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50
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51249180618
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Further discussion of this approach, with history and references, may be found in
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(1978)
Nuovo Cimento A
, vol.48
, pp. 155
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Rueda, A.1
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57
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84926933012
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For further discussion and astrophysical applications of this see references in [31].
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58
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84926895481
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From our Eqs. (24) and (25) and Eq. (15) in Boyer, Ref. [5].
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59
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84926933011
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From Eq. 2.322(1) in I. S. Gradshteyn and I. M. Ryzhik, Table of Integrals, Series and Products (Academic, San Diego, 1965).
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61
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84926914210
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Appendix A;
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62
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84926895480
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or Space Sci. Rev. 53, 223 (1990) pp. 255–259.
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63
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84926876653
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See, e.g., C. W. Misner, K. S. Thorne, and J. A. Wheeler, Ref. [3].
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64
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84926876652
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I. S. Gradshteyn and I. M. Ryzhik, Ref. [34] Eq. (5) on p. 490.
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65
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84926876650
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See, e.g., the recent monograph by M. H. MacGregor, The Enigmatic Electron (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1992).
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72
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21144476067
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It is the very-high-frequency components of the ZPF near the Planck frequency that determine the inertial mass. Coincidentally, it has been argued that relatively high-frequency components of the ZPF around and well above the Compton frequency of the electron seem also to be involved in the onset of quantum behavior: see
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(1993)
Found. Phys. Lett.
, vol.6
, pp. 75
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Rueda, A.1
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74
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84926876649
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See J. D. Jackson, Ref. [28], Chap. 11.
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80
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16244384291
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The subject was first reviewed with exhaustive references by J. H. Eberly, in Progress in Optics edited by E. Wolf (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1969), Vol. 7, p. 359. The concept of the radiative mass shift seems at present well established [private communication (to A.R.) from J. Eberly, K. McDonald, A. Melissinos, and H. R. Reiss], see also, e.g.
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(1971)
Phys. Rev. Lett.
, vol.26
, pp. 1072
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Reiss, H.R.1
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83
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84926909263
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The effect is, however, very small and not easily amenable to direct experimental detection, see, e.g., 42 (1971) for a failed attem, the reasons for this failure were clearly explained by T.
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(1975)
Nucl. Phys. B
, vol.96
, pp. 255
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Majwat, J.R.1
Johnson, C.E.2
Shugart, H.A.3
Ehlers, V.J.4
D5
However6
Kibble, W.B.7
Salam, A.8
Strathdee, J.9
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85
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0014631421
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there is some evidence for an increase in the rest mass of the electron under intense radiation due to the apparent corresponding alteration of the mass-dependent ionization potentials. Presently an experiment is being set up by a Rochester, Princeton, SLAC, University of Tennessee collaboration [private communication (to A.R.) by K. McDonald, A. Melissinos, J. Eberly, and H. R. Reiss] in which an intense laser beam will interact with the high-energy electrons from the electron beam at SL, these circumstances the mass shift of the free electrons will be much larger and more easily detected. A related but never confirmed effect was that of
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(1969)
Appl. Phys. Lett.
, vol.15
, pp. 349
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Under, AC.1
Schwartz, H.2
Hora, H.3
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87
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84926895478
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in which it was claimed that an individual electron was found to pick up radiative energy from laser light and, later on and at a different location, release it by emitting light of the same frequency. This interesting claim that implied some sort of modulation of the de Broglie wave train of the individual electron apparently could never be confirmed and its status remains quite undecided;
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88
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84926914207
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see, e.g., relevant comments by E. T. Jaynes and D. Hestenes, in The Electron—New Theory and Experiment, edited by D. Hestenes and A. Weingartshofer (Kluwer, Dordrecht;
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89
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1991).
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