Reconstructing relationships among mortality, status, and gender at the Medieval Gilbertine Priory of St. Andrew, Fishergate, York

American Journal of Physical Anthropology

Volumn 124, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 330-345

  Sullivan, Amy ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Gender; Paleodemography; Socioeconomic inequality; Urban environment; Wage labor

Indexed keywords

ARCHEOLOGY; ARTICLE; CAUSE OF DEATH; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DEATH; ECONOMIC ASPECT; FERTILITY; GENDER; HISTORY; HOMELESSNESS; HUMAN; LIFESPAN; LOWEST INCOME GROUP; MEDIEVAL ERA; MIGRATION; MORTALITY; PALEOANTHROPOLOGY; PALEOENVIRONMENT; POVERTY; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIAL STATUS; VIOLENCE;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ENGLAND; FEMALE; FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY; HISTORY, MEDIEVAL; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS;

EID: 3843147366     PISSN: 00029483     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.10271     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Alesan A, Malgosa A, Simó C. 1999. Looking into the demography of an Iron Age population in the western Mediterranean. I. Mortality. Am J Phys Anthropol 110:285-301.
2. Bedford ME, Russell KF, Lovejoy CO, Meindl RS, Simpson SW, Stuart-Macadam PL. 1993. Tests of the multifactorial aging method using skeletons with known ages-at-death from the Grant Collection. Am J Phys Anthropol 91:287-297.
3. Binski P. 1996. Medieval death: ritual and representation. London: British Museum Press.
4. Boase TSR. 1972. Death in the Middle Ages: mortality, judgment and remembrance. London: Thames and Henderson.
5. Bocquet-Appel J, Masset C. 1982. Farewell to paleodemography. J Hum Evol 11:321-333.
6. Bocquet-Appel JP, Masset C. 1996. Paleodemography: expectancy and false hope. Am J Phys Anthropol 99:571-583.
7. Bogin B, MacVean RB. 1981. Body composition and nutritional status of urban Guatemalan children of high and low socioeconomic class. Am J Phys Anthropol 55:453-551.
8. Brothwell DR. 1981. Digging up bones: the excavation, treatment, and study of human skeletal remains. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
9. Brown AD. 1995. Popular piety in Late Medieval England: the diocese of Salisbury 1250-1550. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
10. Buikstra JE, Konigsberg LW. 1985. Paleodemography: critiques and controversies. Am Anthropol 87:316-333.
11. Burton J. 1994. Monastic and religious orders in Britain 1000-1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12. Cohen MN, Wood JW, Milner GR, 1994. The osteological paradox reconsidered. Curr Anthropol 35:629-637.
13. Colvin H. 1991. Architecture and the afterlife. London: York University Press.
14. Cook DC. 1981. Mortality, age-structure and status in the interpretation of stress indicators in prehistoric skeletons: a dental example from the Lower Illinois Valley. In: Chapman R, Kinnes I, Randsborg K, editors. The archaeology of death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 134-144.
15. Crooks DL. 1995. American children at risk: poverty and its consequences for children's health, growth, and school achievement. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 38:57-86.
16. Daniell C. 1997. Death and burial in medieval England 1066-1550. London: Routledge.
17. Derevenski JRS. 2000. Sex differences in activity-related osseous change in the spine and the gendered division of labor at Ensay and Wharram Percy, UK. Am J Phys Anthropol 111:333-354.
18. Dickinson JC. 1961. Monastic life in Medieval England, London: Adams & Charles Black.
19. Dittrick J, Suchey JM. 1986. Sex determination of prehistoric central Californian skeletal remains using discriminant analysis of the femur and humerus. Am J Phys Anthropol 70:3-9.
20. Dobney K, Goodman A. 1991. Epidemiological studies of dental enamel hypoplasias in Mexico and Bradford: their relevance to archaeological skeletal studies. In: Bush H, Zvelebil M, editors. Health in past societies: biocultural interpretations of human skeletal remains in archaeological contexts, BAR international series no. 567. Oxford: Tempvs Reparatvm. p 81-101.
21. Drummond JC, Wilbraham A, Hollingsworth D, Wright NC. 1958. The Englishman's food: a history of five centuries of English diet. London: Jonathan Cape.
22. Dyer C. 1989. Standards of living in the Later Middle Ages: social change in England c. 1200-1520. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
23. Foreville R, Keir G. 1987. The book of St. Gilbert. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
24. Gage TB. 1988. Mathematical hazard models of mortality: an alternative to model life tables. Am J Phys Anthropol 76:429-441.
25. Gasquet A. 1905. English monastic life. London: Methuen & Co.
26. Goldberg PJP. 1986. Female labour, service, and marriage in the Late Medieval urban north. North Hist 22:18-38.
27. Goldberg PJP. 1988. Mortality and economic change in the Diocese of York, 1390-1514. North Hist 24:38-55.
28. Goldberg PJP. 1992a. Marriage, migration, and servanthood: the York cause paper evidence. In: Goldberg PJP, editor. Woman is a worthy wight: women in English society c. 1200-1500. Gloucestershire: Allan Sutton Publishing Ltd. p 1-15.
29. Goldberg PJP. 1992b. Women, work, and life cycle in the Medieval economy: women in York and Yorkshire c. 1300-1520. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
30. Graham R. 1903. St. Gilbert of Sepringham and the Gilbertines: a history of the only English monastic order. London: Elliot Stock.
31. Grauer AL. 1989. Health, disease, and status in Medieval York. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA.
32. Grauer AL. 1991. Patterns of life and death: the palaeodemography of Medieval York. In: Bush H, Zvelebil M, editors. Health in past societies: biocultural interpretations of human skeletal remains in archaeological contexts, BAR international series no. 567. Oxford: Tempvs Reparatvm. p 67-80.
33. Grauer AL. 1993. Patterns of anemia and infection from Medieval York, England. Am J Phys Anthropol 91:203-213.
34. Graves PC. 1989. Social space in the English Medieval parish. Ec Soc 18:297-322.
35. Graw M, Czarnetzki A, Haffner H-T. 1999. The form of the supraorbital margin as a criterion in identification of sex from the skull: investigations based on modern human skulls. Am J Phys Anthropol 108:91-96.
36. Hanawalt BA. 1993. Growing up in Medieval London: the experience of childhood in history. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
37. Harvey B. 1993. Living and dying in England 1100-1540: the monastic experience. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
38. Hoppa RD. 2000. Population variation in osteological aging criteria: an example from the pubic symphysis. Am J Phys Anthropol 111:185-191.
39. Horowitz S, Armelagos G, Wachter K. 1988. On generating birth rates from skeletal populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 76:189-196.
40. Huijbers PMJF, Hendriks JLM, Gerver WJM, De Jong PJ, De Meer K. 1996. Nutritional status and mortality of highland children in Nepal: impact of sociocultural factors. Am J Phys Anthropol 101:137-144.
41. Işcan MY, Loth SR, Wright RK. 1984a. Age estimation from the ribs by phase analysis: white males. J Forensic Sci 29:1094-1104.
42. Işcan MY, Loth SR, Wright RK, 1984b. Metamorphosis at the sternal rib end: a new method to estimate age at death in white males. Am J Phys Anthropol 65:147-156.
43. Işcan MY, Loth SR, Wright RK. 1985, Age estimation from the rib by phase analysis: white females. J Forensic Sci 30:853-863.
44. Jewell HM. 1996. Women in Medieval England. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
45. Johansson SR, Horowitz S. 1986. Estimating mortality in skeletal populations: influence of the growth rate on the interpretation of levels and trends during the transition to agriculture. Am J Phys Anthropol 71:233-250.
46. Katz D, Suchey JM. 1986. Age determination of the male os pubis. Am J Phys Anthropol 69:427-435.
47. Katz D, Suchey JM. 1989. Race differences in pubic symphyseal aging patterns in the male. Am J Phys Anthropol 80:167-172.
48. Kemp RL, Graves PC. 1996. Church and Gilbertine priory of St. Andrew, Fishergate. In: Addyman PV, editor. The archaeology of York: the Medieval defences and suburbs 12/2. London: Council for British Archaeology. p 41-369.
49. Knowles D. 1948. The religious orders in England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
50. Knowles D, Hadock RN. 1971. Medieval religious houses: England and Wales. London: Longman Group Ltd.
51. Knüsel C, Göggel S, Lucy D. 1997. Comparative degenerative joint disease of the vertebral column in the Medieval monastic cemetery of the Gilbertine priory of St. Andrew, Fishergate, York. Am J Phys Anthropol 103:481-495.
52. Konigsberg LW, Frankenberg SR. 1992. Estimation of age structure in anthropological demography. Am J Phys Anthropol 89:235-256.
53. Kraus H. 1979. Gold was the mortar: the economics of cathedral building. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
54. Lampl M, Johnston FE. 1996. Problems in aging of skeletal juveniles: perspectives from maturation assessments of living children. Am J Phys Anthropol 101:345-355.
55. Lovejoy CO, Meindl RS, Mensforth RP, Barton TJ. 1985a. Multifactorial determination of skeletal age at death. Am J Phys Anthropol 68:1-16.
56. Lovejoy CO, Meindl RS, Pryzbeck TR, Mensforth RP. 1985b. Chronological metamorphosis of the auricular surface of the ilium: a new method for determination of adult skeletal age at death. Am J Phys Anthropol 68:15-28.
57. Lovell NC. 1989. Test of Phenice's technique for determining sex from the os pubis. Am J Phys Anthropol 79:117-120.
58. Martindale A. 1992. Patrons and minders: the intrusion of the secular into sacred spaces in the Late Middle Ages. In: Wood D, editor. The Church and the arts: papers read at the 1990 Summer Meeting and the 1991 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society, studies in Church history no. 28. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. p 143-178.
59. Mays S. 1997. Carbon stable isotope ratios in Mediaeval and later human skeletons from northern England. J Archaeol Sci 24: 561-567.
60. Mays S. 1999. A biomechanical study of activity patterns in a Medieval human skeletal assemblage. Int J Osteoarchaeol 9:68-73.
61. Meindl RS, Lovejoy CO. 1985. Ectocranial suture closure: a revised method for the determination of skeletal age at death based on the lateral-anterior sutures. Am J Phys Anthropol 68:57-66.
62. Meindl RS, Lovejoy CO, Mensforth RP, Don Carlos L. 1985a. Accuracy and direction of error in the sexing of the skeleton: implications for paleodemography. Am J Phys Anthropol 68: 79-85.
63. Meindl RS, Lovejoy CO, Mensforth RP, Walker RA. 1985b. A revised method of age determination using the os pubis, with a review and tests of accuracy of other current methods of pubic symphyseal aging. Am J Phys Anthropol 68:29-46.
64. Miles AEW. 1962. Assessment of the ages of a population of AngloSaxons from their dentitions. Proc R Soc Med 55:881-886.
65. Milner GR, Humpf D, Harpending HC. 1989, Pattern matching of age-at-death distributions in paleodemographic analysis. Am J Phys Anthropol 80:49-58.
66. Morris R. 1987. Parish churches. In: Schofield J, Leech R, editors. Urban archaeology in Britain, London: Council for British Archaeology. p 177-191
67. Murail P, Bruzek J, Braga J. 1999. A new approach to sexual diagnosis in past populations. Practical adjustments from Van Vark's procedure. Int J Osteoarchaeol 9:39-53.
68. Ottaway P. 1992. Archaeology in British towns from Emperor Claudius to the Black Death. London: Routledge.
69. Paine R. 1989. Model life table fitting by maximum likelihood estimation: a procedure to reconstruct paleodemographic characteristics from skeletal age distributions. Am J Phys Anthropol 79:51-61.
70. Paine R. 2000. If a population crashes in prehistory, and there is no paleodemographer there to hear it, does it make a sound? Am J Phys Anthropol 112:181-190.
71. Paine RR, Harpending HC. 1996. Assessing the reliability of paleodemographic fertility estimators using simulated skeletal distributions. Am J Phys Anthropol 101:151-159.
72. Paine RR, Harpending HC. 1998. Effect of sample bias on paleodemographic fertility estimates. Am J Phys Anthropol 105: 231-240.
73. Palliser DM. 1979. Tudor York. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
74. Palliser DM. 1994. Urban society. In: Horrox R, editor. Fifteenth century attitudes: perceptions of society in Late Medieval England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 132-149.
75. Phenice TW. 1969. A newly developed visual method of sexing the os pubis. Am J Phys Anthropol 30:297-302.
76. Platt C. 1978. Medieval England: a social history and archaeology from the Conquest to 1600 A.D. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
77. Platt C. 1981. The parish churches of Medieval England. London: Secker and Warburg.
78. Platt C. 1984. The abbeys and priories of Medieval England. London: Secker and Warburg.
79. Powell ML. 1988. Status and health in prehistory. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
80. Powell M. 1991. Ranked status and health in the Mississippian chiefdom at Moundville. In: Powell M, Bridges P, Mires A, editors. What mean these bones? Studies in Southeastern bioarchaeology. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. p 22-51.
81. Robb J, Bigazzi R, Lazzarini L, Scarsini C, Sonego F. 2001. Social "status" and biological "status": a comparison of grave goods and skeletal indicators from Pontecagno. Am J Phys Anthropol 115:213-222.
82. Rogers J, Waldron T. 2001. Dish and the monastic way of life. Int J Osteoarchaeol 11:357-365.
83. Rosenthal JT. 1972. The purchase of paradise: the social function of aristocratic benevolence 1307-1485. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
84. Roth EA. 1992. Applications of demographic models to paleodemography. In: Saunders SR, Katzenberg MA, editors. Skeletal biology of past peoples: research methods. New York: Wiley-Liss. p 175-188.
85. Schell LM. 1997. Culture as a stressor: a revised model of biocultural interaction. Am J Phys Anthropol 102:67-77.
86. Šlaus M. 2000. Biocultural analysis of sex differences in mortality profiles and stress levels in the Late Medieval Population from Nova Rača, Croatia. Am J Phys Anthropol 111:193-209,
87. Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ. 1995. Biometry. New York: W.H. Freeman and Co.
88. Steele DG. 1976. The estimation of sex on the basis of the talus and calcaneus. Am J Phys Anthropol 45:581-588.
89. Stirland AJ. 1997. Care in the Medieval community. Int J Osteoarchaeol 7:587-590.
90. Stroud G, Kemp RL. 1993. Cemeteries of the church and priory of St. Andrew, Fishergate. In: Addyman PV, editor. The archaeology of York: the Medieval cemeteries 12/2. London: Council for British Archaeology. p 121-294.
91. Suchey JM, Wisely DV, Katz D. 1986. Evaluation of the Todd and McKern-Stewart methods of aging the male os pubis. In: Reichs K, editor. Forensic osteology: advances in the identification of human remains. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas. p 33-67.
92. Swanson RR. 1989. Church and society in Late Medieval England. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
93. Van Gerven DP, Armelagos GJ. 1983. Farewell to paleodemography? Rumors of its death have been greatly exaggerated. J Hum Evol 12:353-360.
94. Walker PL, Johnson JR, Lambert PM. 1988. Age and sex biases in the preservation of human skeletal remains. Am J Phys Anthropol 76:183-188.
95. Whittington SL. 1992. Enamel hypoplasia in the low status population of Prehispanic Copan, Honduras. In: Goodman AH, Capasso LL, editors. Recent contributions to the study of enamel developmental defects. Journal of Palaeopathology monographic publications 2. Abruzzese-Chieti, Italy: Journal of Palaeopathology. p 185-205.
96. Wiley AS, Pike IL. 1998. An alternative method for assessing early mortality in contemporary populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 107:315-330.
97. Wood JW, Milner GR, Harpending HC, Weiss KM. 1992. The osteological paradox: problems of inferring prehistoric health from skeletal samples. Curr Anthropol 33:343-370.
98. Wood S. 1955. English monasteries and their patrons. London: Oxford University Press.