Off seasonal and pre-seasonal assessment of circulating energy sources during prolonged running at the anaerobic threshold in compititive triathletes

British Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 38, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 402-407

  Knoepfli, B ^b   Riddell, M C ^c   Ganzoni, E ^d   Burki, A ^d   Villiger, B ^e   Von Duvillard, S P ^a,f  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY COMMERCE   (United States)

^b Alpine Children's Hospital   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF YORK   (United Kingdom)

^d Swiss Triathlon Association   (Switzerland)

^e TSH Chest Clin Swiss Olympic Ctr   (Switzerland)

^f CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; FATTY ACID; GLUCOSE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; INSULIN; LACTIC ACID; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADULT; AEROBIC CAPACITY; ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; CALORIC INTAKE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENERGY METABOLISM; FATTY ACID BLOOD LEVEL; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEART RATE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INSULIN BLOOD LEVEL; LACTATE BLOOD LEVEL; MALE; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PLASMA VOLUME; RUNNING; SEASONAL VARIATION; TRAINING; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; VELOCITY;

ADULT; ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ENERGY METABOLISM; FATTY ACIDS, NONESTERIFIED; FEMALE; HEART RATE; HUMANS; MALE; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE; RUNNING; SEASONS; SWITZERLAND; TRIGLYCERIDES;

EID: 3843140680     PISSN: 03063674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2002.003442     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Franklin BA, Fletcher GF, Gordon NF, et al. Cardiovascular evaluation of the athlete (issues regarding performance, screening and sudden cardiac death). Sports Med 1997;24:97-119.
2. Rowbottom DG, Keast D, Garcia-Webb P, et al. Training adaptation and biological changes among well-framed male triathletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997;29:1233-9.
3. Costill DL, Branam G, Eddy D, et al. Determination of marathon running success. Int Z Angew Physiol 1991;29:249-54.
4. Tanaka K, Watanabe H, Konishi Y, et al. Longitudinal associations between anaerobic threshold and distance running performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 1986;55:248-52.
5. Phillips SM, Green HJ, Tarnopolstty MA, et al. Effect of training duration on substrate turnover and oxidation during exercise. J Appl Physiol 1996;81:2182-91.
6. Brooks GA, Mercier J. Balance of carbohydrate and lipid utilization during exercise: the "crossover concept". J Appl Physiol 1994;76:2253-61.
7. Coggan AR, Kohort WM, Spina RJ, et al. Endurance training decreases plasma glucose turnover and oxidation during moderate-intensity exercise in men. J Appl Physiol 1990;68:990-6.
8. Romijn JA, Coyle EF, Sidossis LS, et al. Regulation of endogenous fat and carbohydrate metabolism in relation to exercise intensity and duration. Am J Phsiol 1993;265:E380-91.
9. Costill DL, Coyle E, Dalsky GP, et al. Effect of elevated plasma FFA and insulin on muscle glycogen usage during exercise. J Physiol 1977;43:695-9.
10. Hickson RC, Rennie MJ, Conlee RK, et al. Effects of increased plasma fatty acids on glycogen utilization and endurance. J Physiol 1977;43:829-33.
11. Holloszy JO, Coyle EF. Adaptation of skeletal muscle to endurance exercise and their metabolic consequences. J Appl Physiol 1984;56:831-8.
12. Hoppeler H, Howald H, Consley K, et al. Endurance training in humans: aerobic capacity and structure of skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 1985;59:320-7.
13. Saltin B, Åstrand PO. Free fatty acids and exercise. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57:752S-8S.
14. Oberholzer F, Claassen H, Moesch H, et al. Ultrastrukturelle, biochemische und energetische Analyse einer extremen Dauerleistung (100 km-Lauf). Schweiz Z Sportmed 1976;24:71-98.
15. Felig P, Cherif A, Minagawa A, et al. Hypoglycemia during prolonged exercise in normal men. N Engl J Med 1982;306:895-900.
16. Wagenmakers AJM, Beckers EJ, Brouns F, et al. Carbohydrate supplementation, glycogen depletion, and amino acid metabolism during exercise. Am J Phsiol 1991;260:E883-90.
17. Millar-Stafford ML, Sparling PB, Rosskopf LB, et al. Carbohydrate- electrolyte replacement improves distance running performance in the heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992;24:934-40.
18. Hargreaves M. Interactions between muscle glycogen and blood glucose during exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 1997;25:21-39.
19. Ahlborg B, Bergström J, Ekelund LG, et al. Muscle glycogen and muscle electrolytes during prolonged physical exercise. Acta Physiol Scand 1907;70:129-42.
20. Vandenburghe K, Hespel P, Vanden Eynde B, et al. No effect of glycogen level on glycogen metabolism during high intensity exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995;27:1278-83.
21. Bangsbo J, Graham TE, Kiens B, et al. Elevated muscle glycogen and anaerobic energy production during exhaustive exercise in man. J Physiol 1992;451:205-27.
22. Wilber RL, Moffat RJ. Influence of carbohydrate ingestion on blood glucose and performance in runners. Int J Sport Nutr 1992;2:317-27.
23. Tsintzas OK, Liu R, Williams C. The effect of carbohydrate ingestion during exercise on a 30 km race. Int J Sport Nutr 1993;3:127-39.
24. Knapik J, Wright J, Welch M, et al. Metabolic and cardiorespiratory parameters during three consecutive days of exhaustive running. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1990;30:132-7.
25. Martin III WH, Dalsky GP, Hurley BF, et al. Effect of endurance training on free fatty acid turnover and oxidation during exercise. Am J Phsiol 1994;265:E708-14.
26. Pitsiladis YP, Smith I, Maughan RJ. Increased fat availability enhances the capacity of trained individuals to perform prolonged exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31:1570-9.
27. Jeukendrup AE, Saris WHM, Van Diesen R, et al. Effect of endogenous carbohydrate availability on oral medium-chain triglyceride oxidation during prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol 1996;80:949-54.
28. Jeukendrup AE, Saris WHM, Schrauwen P, et al. Metabolic availability of medium-chain triglycerides coingested with carbohydrates during prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol 1995;79:756-62.
29. Massicotte D, Péronnet F, Brisson GR, et al. Oxidation of exogenous medium-chain free fatty acids during prolonged exercise: comparison with glucose. J Appl Physiol 1992;73:1334-9.
30. Lehmann M, Berg A, Kapp R, et al. Correlation between laboratory testing and distance running performance in marathoners of similar performance ability. Int J Sports Med 1983;4:226-30.
31. Wright RR, Tono M, Pollycove M. Blood volume. Semin Nucl Med 1975;5:63-78.
32. Jansson ED, Kaijser L. Substrate utilization and enzymes in skeletal muscle of extremely enduranced-trained men. J Appl Physiol 1987;62:999-1005.
33. Hawley JA. Carbohydrate-loading and exercise performance (an update). Sports Med 1997;24:73-81.
34. Bergström J, Hermansen L, Hultman E, et al. Diet, muscle glycogen and physical performance. Acta Physiol Scand 1967;71:140-50.
35. Karlsson J, Saltin B. Diet, muscle glycogen, and endurance performance. J Appl Physiol 1971;31:203-6.
36. Galloway SDR, Maughan RJ. Effects of ambient temperature on the capacity to perform prolonged cycle exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997;29:1240-9.