From catastrophe to complexity: A novel model of integrative central neural regulation of effort and fatigue during exercise in humans

British Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 38, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 511-514

  Noakes, T D ^a,b   St Clair Gibson, A ^b   Lambert, E V ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; GLYCOGEN;

ANAEROBIC METABOLISM; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; EXERCISE; EXHAUSTION; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; METABOLIC REGULATION; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE FATIGUE; MUSCLE RIGIDITY; THEORETICAL MODEL;

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; EXERCISE; EXERCISE TOLERANCE; EXERTION; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMANS; MUSCLE FATIGUE;

EID: 3843114570     PISSN: 03063674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2003.009860     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Gaitanos GC, Williams C, Boobis LH, et al. Human muscle metabolism during intermittent maximal exercise. J Appl Physiol 1993;75:712-19.
2. Newsholme EA, Start C. Regulation in metabolism. London: John Wiley and Sons, 1973:1-349.
3. Fitts RH. Cellular mechanisms of muscle fatigue. Physiol Rev 1994;74:49-94.
4. Rowland LP, Araki S, Carmel P. Contracture in McArdle's disease: stability of adenosine triphosphate during contracture in phosphorylase- deficient muscle. Arch Neurol 1965;13:541-4.
5. Ruff RL. Why do patients with McArdle's disease have decreased exercise capacity? Neurology 1998;50:6-7.
6. Conlee RK. Muscle glycogen and exercise endurance: a twenty-year perspective. Exerc Sports Sci Rev 1987;15:1-28.
7. Edwards RHT. Biochemical bases for fatigue in exercise performance: catastrophe theory in muscular fatigue. In: Knuttgen HG, Vogel JA, Poortmans J, eds. Biochemistry of exercise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1983:1-28.
8. Noakes TD. Physiological models to understand exercise fatigue and the adaptations that predict or enhance athletic performance. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2000;10:123-45.
9. Noakes TD, St Clair Gibson A. Logical limitations in the "catastrophe" models of fatigue during exercise in humans. Br J Sports Med 2004.
10. Noakes TD. Implications of exercise testing for prediction of athletic performance: a contemporary perspective. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1988;20:319-30.
11. Noakes TD. Challenging beliefs: ex Africa semper aliquid novi. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997;29:571-90.
12. Bassett DR, Howley ET. Maximal oxygen uptake: "classical" versus "contemporary" viewpoints. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997;29:591-603.
13. Bassett DR, Howley ET. Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:70-84.
14. Bergh U, Ekblom B, Astrand PO. Maximal oxygen uptake " classical" versus "contemporary" viewpoints. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:85-8.
15. Ekblom B. Editorial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2000;10:119-22.
16. Noakes TD. Maximal oxygen uptake: "classical" versus "contemporary" viewpoints: a rebuttal. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30:1381-98.
17. Mitchell JH, Saltin B. The oxygen transport system and maximal oxygen uptake. Chapter 6. In Exercise physiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003:255-91.
18. Hawking S. Black holes and baby universes and other essays. London: Bantam Press, 1993:1-173.
19. Gandevia SC. Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiol Rev 2001;81:1725-89.
20. St Clair Gibson A, Lambert MI, Noakes TD. Neural control of force output during maximal and submaximal exercise. Sports Med 2001;31:637-50.
21. Ikai M, Steinhaus AH. Some factors modifying the expression of human strength. J Appl Physiol 1961;16:157-63.
22. St Clair Gibson A, Noakes TD. Evidence for complex system integration and dynamic neural regulation of skeletal muscle recruitment during exercise in humans. Br J Sports Med 2004.
23. Kay D, Marino F, Cannon F, et al. Evidence for neuromuscular fatigue during high-intensity cycling in warm, humid conditions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2001;84:115-21.
24. St Clair Gibson A, Schabort EJ, Noakes TD. Reduced neuromuscular activity and force generation during prolonged cycling. Am J Physiol 2001;281:R187-96.
25. Ulmer H-V. Concept of an extracellular regulation of muscular metabolic rate during heavy exercise in humans by psychophysiological feedback. Experientia 1996;52:416-20.
26. Glass L. Synchronization and rhythmic processes in physiology. Nature 2001;410:277-84.
27. Lucia A, Hoyos J, Santalla A, et al. Tour de France versus Vuelta a Espana: which is harder? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35:872-8.
28. Noakes TD, Peltonen JE, Rusko HK. Evidence that a central governor regulates exercise performance during acute hypoxia and hyperoxia. J Exp Biol 2001;204:3325-234.
29. St Clair Gibson A, Lambert EV, Lambert MI, et al. Exercise and fatigue control mechanisms. Int J Sports Med 2001;2 (available from www.esportmed.com/ ismj/).
30. St Clair Gibson A, Baden DA, Lambert MI, et al. The conscious perception of the sensation of fatigue. Sports Med 2003;33:167-76.
31. Lambert EV, St Clair Gibson A, Noakes TD. Complex systems model of fatigue: integral control and defence of homeostasis during exercise in humans. Br J Sports Med 2004.
32. Tucker R, Rauch L, Harley Y, et al. Impaired exercise performance in the heat is associated with an anticipatory reduction in skeletal muscle recruitment. Pflugers Arch 2004 May 8 (Epub ahead of print).