Contribution of RPB2 to multilocus phylogenetic studies of the euascomycetes (Pezizomycotina, Fungi) with special emphasis on the lichen-forming Acarosporaceae and evolution of polyspory

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 1036-1060

  Reeb, Valérie ^a   Lutzoni, François ^a   Roux, Claude ^b  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CNRS   (France)

Author keywords

Acarosporomycetidae; Ancestral state reconstruction; Bayesian inference; Detection of topological conflicts; Large scale Ascomycota phylogeny; Lichinomycetes; Ostropomycetidae; Phylogenetic accuracy

Indexed keywords

FUNGAL PROTEIN; RIBOSOME DNA;

ARTICLE; ASCOMYCETES; BAYES THEOREM; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CLASSIFICATION; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DNA SEQUENCE; FUNGUS SPORE; GENETICS; LICHENS; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENY; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; STATISTICAL MODEL;

ASCOMYCOTA; BASE SEQUENCE; BAYES THEOREM; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; DNA, RIBOSOMAL; FUNGAL PROTEINS; LICHENS; LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS; MODELS, GENETIC; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PHYLOGENY; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; SPORES, FUNGAL;

ACAROSPORACEAE; ASCOMYCOTA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); FUNGI; PEZIZOMYCOTINA;

EID: 3843090640     PISSN: 10557903     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.04.012     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. Alexopoulos C.J., Mims C.W., Blackwell M. Introductory Mycology. 1996;Wiley, New York
2. Alfaro M.E., Zoller S., Lutzoni F. Bayes or bootstrap? A simulation study comparing the performance of Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and bootstrapping in assessing phylogenetic confidence. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20(2):2003;255-266
3. Berbee M.L. Loculoascomycete origins and evolution of filamentous Ascomycete morphology based on 18S rRNA gene sequence data. Mol. Biol. Evol. 13(3):1996;462-470
4. Berbee M.L., Carmean D.A., Winka K. Ribosomal DNA and resolution of branching order among the Ascomycota: how many nucleotides are enough? Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 17(3):2000;337-344
5. Bellemère A. Documents et commentaires sur l'ultrastructure des asques polysporés des Acarospora, de quelques genres de la famille des Acarosporaceae et de genres similaires. Bull. Soc. Linn. Provence. 45:1994;355-388
6. Bhattacharya D., Friedl T., Helms G. Vertical evolution and intragenic spread of lichen-fungal group I introns. J. Mol. Evol. 55:2002;74-84
7. Bhattacharya D., Lutzoni F., Reeb V., Simon D., Nason J., Fernandez F. Widespread occurrence of spliceosomal introns in the rDNA genes of Ascomycetes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17(12):2000;1971-1984
8. Buckley T.R. Model misspecification and probabilistic tests of topology: evidence from empirical data sets. Syst. Biol. 51(3):2002;509-523
9. Buckley T.R., Arensburger P., Simon C., Chambers G.K. Combined data, Bayesian phylogenetics, and the origin of the New Zealand cicada genera. Syst. Biol. 51(1):2002;4-18
10. Bull J.J., Huelsenbeck J.P., Cunningham C.W., Swofford D.L., Waddell P.J. Partitioning and combining data in phylogenetic analysis. Syst. Biol. 42(3):1993;384-397
11. Cannone J.J., Subramanian S., Schnare M.N., Collett J.R., D'Souza L.M., Du Y., Feng B., Lin N., Madabusi L.V., Muller K.M., Pande N., Shang Z., Yu N., Gutell R.R. The Comparative RNA Web (CRW) Site: an online database of comparative sequence and structure information for ribosomal, intron, and other RNAs. BioMed Central Bioinformat. 3:2002;2. Correction: BioMed Central Bioinformatics 3, 15. Database available from http://www.rna.icmb.utexas.edu/
12. Craven K.D., Hsiau P.T.W., Leuchtmann A., Hollin W., Schardl C.L. Multigene phylogeny of Epichloe species, fungal symbionts of grasses. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88(1):2001;14-34
13. Cummings M.P., Handley S.A., Myers D.S., Reed D.L., Rokas A., Winka K. Comparing bootstrap and posterior probability values in the four-taxon case. Syst. Biol. 52(4):2003;477-487
14. Dodge C.W. Lichen Flora of the Antarctic Continent and Adjacent Islands. 1973;Phoenix, Canaan, New Hampshire
15. Douady C.J., Delsuc F., Boucher Y., Doolittle W.F., Douzery E.J.P. Comparison of the Bayesian and maximum likelihood bootstrap measures of phylogenetic reliability. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20(2):2003;248-254
16. Douady C.J., Dosay M., Shivji M.S., Stanhope M.J. Molecular phylogenetic evidence refuting the hypothesis of Batoidea (rays and skates) as derived sharks. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 26:2003;215-221
17. Efron B., Halloran E., Holmes S. Bootstrap confidence levels for phylogenetic trees. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:1996;13429-13434
18. Ekman S. The corticolous and lignicolous species of Bacidia and Bacidina in North America. Opera Bot. 127:1996;1-148
19. Ekman S., Tønsberg T. Most species of Lepraria and Leproloma form a monophyletic group closely related to Stereocaulon. Mycol. Res. 106:2002;1262-1276
20. Elenkin, A.A., 1911. Flora lishajnikov Srednej Rossii. Part 3-4. Juriev
21. Eriksson O.E. Outline of Ascomycota - 1999. Myconet. 3:1999;1-88
22. Eriksson O.E., Baral H.-O., Currah R.S., Hansen K., Kurtzman C.P., Rambold G., Laessøe T. Outline of Ascomycota - 2001. Myconet. 7:2001;1-88
23. Eriksson O.E., Baral H.-O., Currah R.S., Hansen K., Kurtzman C.P., Rambold G., Laessøe T. Outline of Ascomycota - 2004. Myconet. 10:2004;1-99
24. Eriksson O.E., Hawksworth D.L. Outline of the Ascomycetes - 1990. Syst. Asc. 9(1-2):1991;39-271
25. Eriksson O.E., Hawksworth D.L. Notes on Ascomycete systematics - Nos 2024-2139. Syst. Asc. 14(2):1996;101-133
26. Erixon P., Svennblad B., Britton T., Oxelman B. Reliability of Bayesian posterior probabilities and bootstrap frequencies in phylogenetics. Syst. Biol. 52(2):2003;665-673
27. Felsenstein J. Cases in which parsimony or compatibility methods will be positively misleading. Syst. Zool. 27:1978;401-410
28. Felsenstein J. A likelihood approach to character weighting and what it tells us about parsimony and compatibility. Bio. J. Linn. Soc. 16:1981;183-196
29. Felsenstein J. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution. 39(4):1985;783-791
30. Felsenstein, J., 2002. PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package) version 3.6a3. Distributed by the author. Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle. Available from http://evolution.genetics.washington.edu/ phylip/phylip36.html
31. Geiser D.M., Frisvad J.C., Taylor J.W. Evolutionary relationships in Aspergillus section Fumigati inferred from partial beta-tubulin and hydrophobin DNA sequences. Mycologia. 90(5):1998;831-845
32. Geiser D.M., LoBuglio K.F. The monophyletic Plectomycetes: Ascophaerales, Onygenales, Eurotiales. McLaughlin, McLaughlin, Lemke Systematics and Evolution. The Mycota VII Part A. 2001;202-219 Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg
33. Gernandt D.S., Platt J.L., Stone J.K., Spatafora J.W., Holst-Jensen A., Hamelin R.C., Kohn L.M. Phylogenetics of Helotiales and Rhytismatales based on partial small subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Mycologia. 93(5):2001;915-933
34. Golubkova N.S. Lishajniki semejstva Acarosporaceae Zahlbr. 1988;v SSSR, Nauka, Leningrad
35. Grantham R. Amino acid difference formula to help explain protein evolution. Science. 185:1974;862-864
36. Hackett S.J. Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of Tanagers in the genus Ramphocelus (Aves). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 5(2):1996;368-382
37. Hafellner J. Acarospora und Pleopsidium - zwei lichenisierte Ascomycetengattungen (Lecanorales) mit zahlreichen Konvergenzen. Nova Hedwigia. 56(3-4):1993;281-305
38. Hafellner J. On Biatoridium, a resurrected genus of lichenized fungi (Ascomycotina, Lecanorales). Acta Bot. Fennica. 150:1994;39-46
39. Hafellner J. Towards a better circumscription of the Acarosporaceae (lichenized Ascomycotina, Lecanorales). Crypt. Bot. 5:1995;99-104
40. Harris R.C., Buck W.R., Nelson J., Selva S.B., Guccion J.G., Schmitt C. Lichens of southern Maine collected on the 1987 Andrews Foray. Evansia. 5(2):1988;26-32
41. Hawksworth D.L., Kirk P.M., Sutton B.C., Pegler D.N. Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi. eighth ed.:1995;CAB International, Wallingford
42. Hertel H., Rambold G. Lecidea mosigii (Koerb.) Anzi - eine Art der Gattung Orphniospora Koerb. (Fuscideaceae, Teloschistales). Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München. 27:1988;111-123
43. Hertel, H., Rambold, G., 1995. On the genus Adelolecia (lichenized Ascomycotina, Lecanorales). In: Knoph, J.-G., Schrüfer, K., Sipman, H.J.M. (Eds.), Studies in Lichenology with Emphasis on Chemotaxonomy, Geography and Phytochemistry. Festschrift Ch. Leuckert. Bibl. Lichenol. 57, J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart, pp. 211-230
44. Hillis D.M., Bull J.J. An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis. Syst. Biol. 42(2):1993;182-192
45. Huelsenbeck J.P., Larget B., Miller R., Ronquist F. Potential applications and pitfalls of Bayesian inference of phylogeny. Syst. Biol. 51(5):2002;673-688
46. Huelsenbeck J.P., Ronquist F. MrBayes: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics. 17:2001;754-755. Program Available from http://morphbank.ebc.uu.se/mrbayes3/info.php
47. Huelsenbeck J.P., Ronquist F., Nielsen R., Bollback J.P. Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology. Science. 294:2001;2310-2314
48. Inderbitzin P., Landvik S., Abdel-Wahab M.A., Berbee M.L. Aliquandostipitaceae, a new family for two new tropical ascomycetes with unusually wide hyphae and dimorphic ascomata. Am. J. Bot. 88(1):2001;52-61
49. Kauff F., Lutzoni F. Phylogeny of the Gyalectales and Ostropales (Ascomycota, Fungi): among and within order relationships based on nuclear ribosomal RNA small and large subunits. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 25:2002;138-156
50. Kirk P.M., Cannon P.F., David J.C., Stalpers J.A. Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi. ninth ed.:2001;CAB International, Wallingford
51. Kjer K.M. Use of rRNA secondary structure in phylogenetic studies to identify homologous positions: an example of alignment and data presentation from the frogs. J. Mol. Evol. 4:1995;314-330
52. Landvik S., Eriksson O.E., Berbee M.L. Neolecta - a fungal dinosaur? Evidence from beta-tubulin amino acid sequences. Mycologia. 93(6):2001;1151-1163
53. Larget B., Simon D. Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for the Bayesian analysis of phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16:1999;750-759
54. Leaché A.D., Reeder T.W. Molecular systematics of the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus): a comparison of parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian approaches. Syst. Biol. 51(1):2002;44-68
55. Lewis, P., Holder, M.T., 2003. Examining the effects of branch length priors on clade support. Phylogenetic Methods/Theory I, Session 7e. Evolution meeting, California State University, Chico, June 20-24
56. Li, S., 1996. Phylogenetic Tree Construction Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
57. Liu Y.J., Hall B.D. Body plan evolution of ascomycetes, as inferred from an RNA polymerase II phylogeny. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 101(13):2004;4507- 4512
58. Liu Y.J., Whelen S., Hall B.D. Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetes: evidence from an RNA polymerase II subunit. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16(12):1999;1799-1808
59. Lücking R., Stuart B.L., Lumbsch H.T. Phylogenetic relationships of Gomphillaceae and Asterothyriaceae: evidence from a combined Bayesian analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial sequences. Mycologia. 96(2):2004;283-294
60. Lumbsch H.T., Schmitt I., Döring H., Wedin M. Molecular systematics supports the recognition of an additional order of Ascomycota: the Agyriales. Mycol. Res. 105(1):2001;16-23
61. Lumbsch H.T., Schmitt I., Palice Z., Wiklund E., Ekman S., Wedin M. Supraordinal phylogenetic relationships of Lecanoromycetes based on a Bayesian analysis of combined nuclear and mitochondrial sequences. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 31:2004;822-832
62. Lumbsch H.T., Wirtz N., Lindemuth R., Schmitt I. Higher level phylogenetic relationships of euascomycetes (Pezizomycotina) inferred from a combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data. Mycol. Progr. 1(1):2002;57-70
63. Lutzoni F., Kauff F., Cox C.J., McLaughlin D., Celio G., Dentinger B., Padamsee M., Hibbett D., James T.Y., Baloch E., Grube M., Reeb V., Hofstetter V., Schoch C., Arnold A.E., Miadlikowska J., Spatafora J., Johnson D., Hambleton S., Crockett M., Shoemaker R., Sung G.-H., Lücking R., Lumbsch T., O'Donnell K., Binder M., Diederich P., Ertz D., Gueidan C., Hall B., Hansen K., Harris R.C., Hosaka K., Lim Y.-W., Liu Y., Matheny B., Nishida H., Pfister D., Rogers J., Rossman A., Schmitt I., Sipman H., Stone J., Sugiyama J., Yahr R., Vilgalys R. Where are we in assembling the fungal tree of life, classifying the fungi, and understanding the evolution of their subcellular traits. Am. J. Bot. 2004
64. Lutzoni F., Pagel M., Reeb V. Major fungal lineages are derived from lichen symbiotic ancestors. Nature. 411:2001;937-940
65. Lutzoni F., Wagner P., Reeb V., Zoller S. Integrating ambiguously aligned regions of DNA sequences in phylogenetic analyses without violating positional homology. Syst. Biol. 49(4):2000;628-651. Program Available from http://www.lutzonilab.net/pages/download.shtml
66. Maddison W.P., Maddison D.R. MacClade: Analysis of Phylogeny and Character Evolution, Version 4.01. 2001;Sinauer, Sunderland, MA
67. Maddison, W.P., Maddison, D.R., 2003. Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 1.0 Program. Available from http:// mesquiteproject.org
68. Magnusson, A.H., 1936. Acarosporaceae und Thelocarpaceae. In: Zahlbruckner, A. (Ed.), Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen - Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 9 (5, 1). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft M.B.H., Leipzig, pp. 1-318
69. Mason-Gamer R.J., Kellogg E.A. Testing for phylogenetic conflict among molecular data sets in the tribe Triticeae (Gramineae). Syst. Biol. 45(4):1996;524-545
70. Matheny P.B., Liu Y.J., Ammirati J.F., Hall B.D. Using RPB1 sequences to improve phylogenetic inference among mushrooms (Inocybe, Agaricales). Am. J. Bot. 89(4):2002;688-698
71. Mau, B., 1996. Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference via Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
72. Miadlikowska J., Lutzoni F. Phylogenetic classification of peltigeralean fungi (Peltigerales, Ascomycota) based on ribosomal RNA small and large subunits. Am. J. Bot. 91:2004;449-464
73. Miadlikowska J., Lutzoni F., Goward T., Zoller S., Posada D. New approach to an old problem: Incorporating signal from gap-rich regions of ITS and nrDNA large subunit into phylogenetic analyses to resolve the Peltigera canina complex. Mycologia. 95:2003;1181-1203
74. Miadlikowska J., McCune B., Lutzoni F. Pseudocyphellaria perpetua, a new lichen from Western North America. The Bryologist. 105(1):2002;1-10
75. Myllys L., Stenroos S., Thell A. New genes for phylogenetic studies of lichenized fungi: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and beta-tubulin genes. Lichenologist. 34(3):2002;237-246
76. Navarro-Rosinés P., Roux C., Bellemère A. Thelocarpella gordensis gen. et sp. nov. (Ascomycetes lichenisati, Acarosporaceae). Can. J. Bot. 77:1999;835-842
77. O'Donnell K., Lutzoni F.M., Ward T.J., Benny G.L. Evolutionary relationships among mucoralean fungi (Zygomycota): evidence for family polyphyly on a large scale. Mycologia. 93(2):2001;286-296
78. Ogawa H., Yoshimura A., Sugiyama J. Polyphyletic origins of species of the anamorphic genus Geosmithia and the relationships of the cleistothecial genera: Evidence from 18S, 5S and 28S rDNA sequence analyses. Mycologia. 89(5):1997;756-771
79. Okada G., Seifert K.A., Takematsuzz A., Yamaoka Y., Miyazaki S., Tubaki K. A molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of the Graphium complex based on 18S rDNA sequences. Can. J. Bot. 76:1998;1495-1506
80. Omland K.E. The assumptions and challenges of ancestral state reconstructions. Syst. Biol. 48(3):1999;604-611
81. Ozenda P., Clauzade G. Les Lichens. Etude Biologique et Flore Illustrée. 1970;Masson & Cie, Belgique
82. Pagel M. The maximum likelihood approach to reconstructing ancestral character states of discrete characters on phylogenies. Syst. Biol. 48:1999;612-622
83. Peršoh D., Rambold G. Phacopsis - a lichenicolous genus of the family Parmeliaceae. Mycol. Progr. 1(1):2002;43-55
84. Platt J.L., Spatafora J.W. Evolutionary relationships of nonsexual lichenized fungi: molecular phylogenetic hypotheses for the genera Siphula and Thamnolia from SSU and LSU rDNA. Mycologia. 92(3):2000;475-487
85. Poelt J. Classification. Ahmadjian V., Hale M.E. The Lichens. 1973;599-632 Academic Press, New York, London
86. Posada D., Crandall K.A. Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics. 14(9):1998;817-818
87. Rambold, G., Triebel, D., 1992. The Inter-Lecanoralean Associations. Bibl. Lichenol. 48, Cramer, J., Berlin, Stuttgart
88. Rannala B., Yang Z. Probability distribution of molecular evolutionary trees: a new method of phylogenetic inference. J. Mol. Evol. 43:1996;304-311
89. Roux C., Triebel D. Révision des espèces de Stigmidium et de Sphaerellothecium (champignons lichénicoles non liché nisés, Ascomycètes) correspondant à Pharcidia epicymatia sensu Keissler ou à Stigmidium schaereri auct. Bull. Soc. Linn. Provence. 45:1994;451-542
90. Roux C., Triebel D., Bricaud O., Le Cœur D. Le Stigmidium lecidellae sp. nov. et remarques sur le genre Stigmidium (champignons lichénicoles non lichénisés, Ascomycètes). Can. J. Bot. 73:1995;662-672
91. Schultz M., Arendholz W.-R., Büdel B. Origin and evolution of the lichenized ascomycete order Lichinales: monophyly and systematic relationships inferred from ascus, fruiting body and SSU rDNA evolution. Plant Biol. 3:2001;116-123
92. Spatafora J.W. Ascomal evolution of filamentous ascomycetes: evidence from molecular data. Can. J. Bot. 73(Suppl. 1):1995;S811-S815
93. Spatafora J.W., Mitchell T.G., Vilgalys R. Analysis of genes coding for small-subunit rRNA sequences in studying phylogenetics of dematiaceous fungal pathogens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33(5):1995;1322-1326
94. Stenroos S.K., DePriest P.T. SSU rDNA phylogeny of cladoniiform lichens. Am. J. Bot. 85(11):1998;1548-1559
95. Stenroos S.K., Myllys L., Thell A., Hyvönen J. Phylogenetic hypotheses: Cladoniaceae, Stereocaulaceae, Baeomycetaceae, and Icmadophilaceae revisited. Mycol. Progr. 1:2002;267-282
96. Suh S.-O., Blackwell M. Molecular phylogeny of the cleistothecial fungi placed in Cephalothecaceae and Pseudodeurotiaceae. Mycologia. 91(5):1999;836-848
97. Suzuki Y., Glazko G.V., Nei M. Overcredibility of molecular phylogenies obtained by Bayesian phylogenetics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99(25):2002;16138-16143
98. Swofford D.L. PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (* and other methods). Version 4. 2002;Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA
99. Tanabe Y., Saikawa M., Watanabe M.M., Sugiyama J. Molecular phylogeny of Zygomycota based on EF-1α and RPB1 sequences: limitations and utility of alternative markers to rDNA. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 30:2004;438-449
100. Taylor, J.W., Spatafora, J., O'Donnell, K., Lutzoni, F., James, T., Hibbett, D.S., Geiser, D., Bruns, T.D., Blackwell, M., in press. The fungi. In: Cracraft, J., Donoghue, M.J. (Eds.), Assembling the Tree of Life. Oxford University Press
101. Tehler A. Systematics, phylogeny and classification. Nash III T.H. Lichen Biology. 1996;217-239 University Press, Cambridge
102. Tehler A., Little D.P., Farris J.S. The full-length phylogenetic tree from 1551 ribosomal sequences of chitinous fungi, Fungi*. Mycol. Res. 107(8):2003;901-916
103. Terrón, A.A., 2000. The family Fuscideaceae Hafellner in the Iberian Peninsula. The Fourth IAL Symposium, Progress and Problems in Lichenology at the Turn of the Millennium. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona. Book of abstracts p. 21
104. Thell A., Stenroos S., Feuerer T., Kärnefelt I., Myllys L., Hyvönen J. Phylogeny of cetrarioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) inferred from ITS and β-tubulin sequences, morphology, anatomy and secondary chemistry. Mycol. Progr. 1(4):2002;335-354
105. Vězda A. Neue oder wenig bekannte Flechten in der Tschechoslowakei. II. Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 13:1978;397-420
106. Waddell P.J., Kishino H., Ota R. A phylogenetic foundation for comparative mammalian genomics. Genome Informat. 12:2001;141-154
107. Wheeler W.C. Combinatorial weights in phylogenetic analysis: a statistical parsimony procedure. Cladistics. 6:1990;269-275
108. Wheeler, W.C., Gladstein, D.S., Laet, J.D., Aaronson, L., 2003. POY, ver. 3.0.11a. Program Available from ftp.amnh.org/pub/molecular/poy
109. Whittingham L.A., Slikas B., Winkler D.W., Sheldon F.H. Phylogeny of the tree swallow genus, Tachycineta (Aves: Hirundinidae), by Bayesian analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 22(3):2002;430-441
110. Wilcox T.P., Zwickl D.J., Heath T.A., Hillis D.M. Phylogenetic relationships of the dwarf boas and a comparison of Bayesian and bootstrap measures of phylogenetic support. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 25:2002;361-371
111. Yun S.-H., Berbee M.L., Yoder O.C., Turgeon B.G. Evolution of the fungal self-fertile reproductive life style from self-sterile ancestors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96:1999;5592-5597
112. Zahlbruckner A. Lichenes, Specieller Teil. Engler A., Prantl K. Die natürlichen Planzenfamilien I (1). 1907;49-249 Verlag von W. Engelmann, Leipzig