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Volumn 75, Issue 7, 2004, Pages 2280-2289

An apparatus for imaging liquids, cells, and other wet samples in the scanning electron microscopy

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACKSCATTERING; BIOMARKERS; CELLS; ELECTRON BEAMS; ELECTRON TRANSITIONS; GOLD; IMAGING SYSTEMS; IMMUNOLOGY; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; OPTICAL RESOLVING POWER; PARTICLE DETECTORS; POLYMERIC MEMBRANES; THICKNESS MEASUREMENT; TISSUE; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; VACUUM;

EID: 3843080615     PISSN: 00346748     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.1763262     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (78)

References (31)
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    • E. H. K. Stelzer, J. Microsc. 189, 15 (1997); J. T. Frohn, H. F. Knapp, and A. Stemmer, PNAS 97, 7232 (1999).
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    • Stelzer, E.H.K.1
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    • G. D. Danilatos, Microsc. Res. Tech. 25, 354 (1993); E. R. Prack, ibid. 25, 487 (1993); G. D. Danilatos, Adv. Electron. Electron Phys. 71, 109 (1988).
    • (1993) Microsc. Res. Tech. , vol.25 , pp. 354
    • Danilatos, G.D.1
  • 9
    • 0027185038 scopus 로고
    • G. D. Danilatos, Microsc. Res. Tech. 25, 354 (1993); E. R. Prack, ibid. 25, 487 (1993); G. D. Danilatos, Adv. Electron. Electron Phys. 71, 109 (1988).
    • (1993) Microsc. Res. Tech. , vol.25 , pp. 487
    • Prack, E.R.1
  • 10
    • 33947711876 scopus 로고
    • G. D. Danilatos, Microsc. Res. Tech. 25, 354 (1993); E. R. Prack, ibid. 25, 487 (1993); G. D. Danilatos, Adv. Electron. Electron Phys. 71, 109 (1988).
    • (1988) Adv. Electron. Electron Phys. , vol.71 , pp. 109
    • Danilatos, G.D.1
  • 11
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    • Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge
    • R. F. M. Thornley, Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, 1960.
    • (1960)
    • Thornley, R.F.M.1
  • 17
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    • United States Patent No. 5,406,087
    • Fujiyoshi et al., United States Patent No. 5,406,087 (1995).
    • (1995)
    • Fujiyoshi1
  • 22
    • 3843138842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Faraday cup is constructed of a bulk of carbon connected to ground, with a cavity (2 mm diameter and 3 mm deep) at its top, closed by a Ni plate with an aperture of 10 μm diameter in the middle. The beam enters through the aperture, hits the bottom of the carbon cavity, so that the main beam and practically all scattered electrons are collected.
  • 27
    • 3843071399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Field emission source produces a beam of 1 nm size in the best conditions (low current, high energy) and 10 nm the worst. A tungsten filament source produces a beam between 10 and 100 nm (Ref. 17).
  • 28
    • 3843048551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The four elements C, H, N, and O make up nearly 99% of the weight of a biological specimen like a cell. The cell is composed of 70% water and 29% organic compounds. About 50% of the atoms in these compounds are H atoms, 24% are C, 24% are O, and 1% are N atoms [B. Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of The Cell (Garland, New York, 1994)]. Given these values, the mean atomic number of a typical organic molecule is 6.72, that of water is 7.22, and for a living cell, it is 7.07. Calculation of the corresponding backscattering coefficient at 20 keV give 0.075 for water, 0.073 for a cell (Ref. 19).


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.