Inhibitory effects of the Korean Red Ginseng extract on the content of neurotransmitter-related components of the mouse brain in convulsion-induced model

Natural Product Sciences

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 384-389

  Choi, Jongwon ^a   Yoo, Yeong Min ^b   Park, Hee Juhn ^b  

^a Kyungsung University   (South Korea)

^b Sangji University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

GABA; GABA T; GAD; Glutamic acid; Korean Red Ginseng (KRG); Pentylenetetrazone (PTZ)

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; BICUCULLINE; GINSENG EXTRACT; GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE; NEUROTRANSMITTER; PENTETRAZOLE; PICROTOXIN; STRYCHNINE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BRAIN; CONTROLLED STUDY; CONVULSION; DISEASE MODEL; ENZYME ACTIVITY; INHIBITION KINETICS; MOUSE; NONHUMAN;

EID: 38349163187     PISSN: 12263907     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Allen, I.C. and Griffiths, R., Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of brain glutamate decarboxylase suitable for use in kinetic studies. J. Chromatogr. 12336, 385-391 (1984).
2. Araki, Y. and Ueki, S., Changes in sensitivity to convulsion in mice with olfactory bulb ablation. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 22, 447-456 (1972).
3. Attele, A. S., Wu, J. A., and Yuan, C. S., Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions, Biochem. Pharmacol. 58, 1685-1693 (1999).
4. Baughman, R.W. and Gilbert, C.D., Aspartate and glutamate as possible neurotransmitters of cells in layer 6 of the visual cortex. Nature. 30287, 848-850 (1980).
5. rd Ed. Vol. 2, Academic Press Inc., New York, p. 191-192 (1983).
6. Berl, S., Lajtha, A., and Waelsch, H., Amino acid and protein metabolism-VI cerebral compartments of glutamic acid metabolism, J. Neurochem. 7, 186-197 (1961).
7. Bircher, R.P., Kanai, T., and Wang, S.C., Intravenous, cortical and intraventricular dose-effect relationship of pentylenetetrazol, picrotoxin and deslanoside in dogs. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 14, 256-267 (1962).
8. B receptors and their significance in mammalian pharmacology. Trends in Pharmaco. Sci. 10, 401-407 (1989).
9. Chapman, A.G., Meldrum, B.S., and Mendes, E., Acute anticonvulsant activity of structural analogues of valproic acid and changes in brain GABA and aspartate content, Life Sci. 32, 2023-2031 (1983)
10. Crawford, J.M., The effect upon mice of intraventricular injection of excitant and depressant amino acids. Biochem. Pharmacol. 12, 1443-1444 (1963).
11. Croucher, M.J., Collins, J.F., and Meldrum, B.S.,Anticonvulsant action of excitatory amino acid antagonists. Science 21216, 899-901 (1982).
12. Curtis, D.R. and Johnston, G.A.R., Aminoacid transmitter in the mamlian central nervous system. Reviews of Physiology, Biochem. Pharmacol. 69, 97-188 (1974).
13. Dulac, O. and Arthuis, M., Open trials with valproate in epilepsy. Epilepsia. 25, S23-931 (1984).
14. Dulac, O., Chiron, C., Luna, D., Cusmai, .R, Pajot, N., Beaumont, D., and Mondragon, S., Vigabatrin in childhood epilepsy. J. Child. Neurol. 2, S30-37 (1991).
15. Elwes, R.D., Johnson, A..L, Shorvon, S.D., and Reynolds, E.H., The prognosis for seizure control in newly diagnosed epilepsy. N. Engl. J. Med. 11311, 944-947 (1984).
16. Enna, S.J., Maggi, A., Worms, P., and Lloyd, K.G., Muscimol: Brain penetration and anticonvulsant potency following GABA-T inhibition. Brain Research Bulletin, 5, 461-464(1980).
17. Holdiness, M.R., Chromatographic analysis of glutamic acid decarboxylase in biological samples. J. Chromatogr. 14277, 1-24 (1983).
18. Holland, K.D., McKeon, A.C., Canney, D.J., Covey, D.F., and Ferrendelli, J.A., Relative anticonvulsant effects of GABAmimetic and GABA modulatory agents. Epilepsia. 33, 981-986(1992).
19. Huang, Y.C., Chen, C.T., Chen, S.C., Lai, P.H., Liang, H.C., Chang, Y., Yu, L.C., and Sung, H.W., A natural compound (ginsenoside Re) isolated from Panax ginseng as a novel angiogenic agent for tissue regeneration, Pharmaceutical Research 22, 636-646 (2005).
20. Joo, S.S., Won, T.J., and Do, I.L., Reciprocal activity of ginsenosides in the production of proinflammatory repertoire, and their potential roles in neuroprotection in vivo, Planta Med. 71, 476-481 (2005).
21. Kingsley, E., Tweedale, R., and Tolman, K.G., Hepatotoxicity of sodium valproate and other anticonvulsants in rat hepatocyte cultures. Epilepsia 21, 699-704 (1980).
22. Kohn, H., Sawhney, K.N., LeGall, P., Robertson, D.W., and Leander, J.D., Preparation and anticonvulsant activity of a series of functionalized alpha-heteroatom-substituted amino acids. J. Med. Chem. 34, 2444-2452 (1991).
23. Kokenge, R., Kutt, H., and McDowell, F., Neurological sequelae following dilantin overdose in a patient and in experimental animals. Neurology 15, 823-829 (1965).
24. Leppik, I.E., Willmore, L.J., Homan, R.W., Fromm, G., Oommen, K.J., Penry, J.K., Sackellares, J.C., Smith, D.B., Lesser, R.P., and Wallace, J.D., Efficacy and safety of zonisamide: results of a multicenter study. Epilepsy Res. 14, 165-173 (1993).
25. Lowry, O.H., Rosenbrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., and Randall, R.J., Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265-275 (1951).
26. McGeer, P.L., Eccles J.C., and McGeer, E.G., Inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters. In: P.L. McGeer, J.C. Eccles and E.G. McGeer, Editors, Molecular Neurobiology of the Mammalian Brain, Plenum, New York p. 197-234 (1987).
27. Metcalf, B.W., Inhibitors of GABA metabolism. Biochem. Pharmacol. 128, 1705-1712 (1979).
28. Nishino, H., Tokuda, H., Li, T., Takemura, M., Kuchide, M., Kanazawa, M., Mou, X.Y., Bu, P., Takayasu, J., Onozuka, M., Masuda, M., Satomi, Y., Konoshima, T., Kishi, N., Baba, M., Okada, Y., and Okuyama, T., Cancer chemoprevention by ginseng in mouse liver and other organs, J. Korean Medical Sci. 16, S66-S69 (2001).
29. Raines, A., Niner, J.M., and Pace, D.G., A comparison of the anticonvulsant, neurotoxic and lethal effects of diphenylbarbituric acid, phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin in the mouse. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 186, 315-322 (1973).
30. Sachdeo, R., Kramer, L.D., Rosenberg A., and Sachdeo, S., Felbamate monotherapy: controlled trial in patients with partial onset seizures. Ann. Neurol. 32, 386-392 (1992).
31. Segupta, S., Toh, S.A.,, Sellers, L.A., Skepper, J.N., Koolwijk, P., Leung, H.W., Yeung, H.W., Wong, R.N., Sasisekharan, R., and Fan, T.P., Modulating angiogenesis: the yin and the yang in ginseng, Circulation 110, 1219-1225 (2004).
32. Shin, H.R., Kim, J.Y., Yun, T.K., Morgan, G., and Vainio, H., The cancer-preventive potential of Panax ginseng: a review of human and experimental evidence, Cancer Causes and Control, 11, 565-576 (2000).
33. Shorvon, S.D., Medical assessment and treatment of chronic epilepsy. British Med. J. 302, 363-366 (1991).
34. A-benzodiazepine receptors. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 10, 407-411 (1989).
35. Sohn, Y.J., Levitt, B., and Raines, A., Anticonvulsant properties of diphenylthiohydantoin. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 188, 284-289 (1970).
36. Swinyard, E.A., Laboratory evaluation of antiepileptic drugs. Review of laboratory methods. Epilepsia 10, 107-119 (1969).
37. Zhang, D., Yasuda, T., Yu, Y., Zheng, P., Kawabata, T., Ma, Y., and Okada, S., Ginseng extract scavenges hydroxyl radical and protects unsaturated fatty acids from decomposition caused by iron-mediated lipid peroxidation, Free Radical Biol. Med. 20, 145-150 (1996).