Relationship between the metabolic syndrome and the development of hypertension in the Hong Kong cardiovascular risk factor prevalence study-2 (CRISPS2)

American Journal of Hypertension

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 17-22

  Cheung, Bernard M Y ^a   Wat, Nelson M S ^a   Man, Y B ^a   Tam, Sidney ^b   Cheng, C H ^a   Leung, Gabriel M ^a   Woo, Jean ^c   Janus, Edward D ^d   Lau, C P ^a   Lam, T H ^a   Lam, Karen S L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^b QUEEN MARY HOSPITAL   (Hong Kong)

^c CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; HAZARD RATIO; HONG KONG; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEYS; HONG KONG; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; LIPIDS; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 38349150081     PISSN: 08957061     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2007.19     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Ong KL, Cheung BMY, Man YB, Lau CP, Lam KSL. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999-2004. Hypertension 2007; 49:69-75.
2. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Krauss RM, Savage PJ, Smith SC Jr, Spertus JA, Costa F. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute scientific statement. Circulation 2005; 112:2735-2752.
3. Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome - a new worldwide definition. Lancet 2005; 366:1059-1062.
4. Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, Forsen B, Lahti K, Nissen M, Taskinen MR, Groop L. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 2001; 24:683-689.
5. Lorenzo C, Okoloise M, Williams K, Stern MP, Haffner SM. The metabolic syndrome as predictor of type 2 diabetes: the San Antonio Heart Study. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:3153-3159.
6. Cheung BMY, Wat NMW, Man YB, Tam S, Thomas GN, Leung GM, Cheng CH, Woo J, Janus ED, Lau CP, Lam TH, Lam KSL. Development of diabetes in Chinese with the metabolic syndrome - a six year prospective study. Diabetes Care 2007; 30(6):1430-1436.
7. Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Cifkova R, Fagard R, Germano G, Grassi G, Heagerty AM, Kjeldsen SE, Laurent S, Narkiewicz K, Ruilope L, Rynkiewicz A, Schmieder RE, Boudier HA, Zanchetti A, Vahanian A, Camm J, De Caterina R, Dean V, Dickstein K, Filippatos G, Funck-Brentano C, Hellemans I, Kristensen SD, McGregor K, Sechtem U, Silber S, Tendera M, Widimsky P, Zamorano JL, Erdine S, Kiowski W, Agabiti-Rosei E, Ambrosioni E, Lindholm LH, Viigimaa M, Adamopoulos S, Agabiti-Rosei E, Ambrosioni E, Bertomeu V, Clement D, Erdine S, Farsang C, Gaita D, Lip G, Mallion JM, Manolis AJ, Nilsson PM, O'Brien E, Ponikowski P, Redon J, Ruschitzka F, Tamargo J, van Zwieten P, Waeber B, Williams B; Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension; European Society of Cardiology. 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2007; 25(6):1105-1187.
8. Gaziano JM, Hennekens CH, O'Donnell CJ, Breslow JL, Buring JE. Fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and risk of myocardial infarction. Circulation 1997; 96:2520-2525.
9. Hanak V, Munoz J, Teague J, Stanley A Jr, Alfred Bittner V. Accuracy of the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio for prediction of the low-density lipoprotein phenotype B. Am J Cardiol 2004; 94:219-222.
10. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and β cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985; 28:412-414.
11. www.info.gov.hk/censtatd/eng/hkstat/fas/01c/cd0172001_index.html. Accessed 28 June 2005.
12. He J, Gu D, Wu X, Reynolds K, Duan X, Yao C, Wang J, Chen CS, Chen J, Wildman RP, Klag MJ, Whelton PK. Major causes of death among men and women in China. N Eng J Med 2005; 353(11):1124-1134.
13. Jiang C, Thomas GN, Lam TH, Schooling CM, Zhang W, Lao X, Adab P, Liu B, Leung GM, Cheng KK. Cohort Profile: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study, a Guangzhou-Hong Kong-Birmingham collaboration. Int J Epidemiol 2006; 35(4):844-852.
14. Thomas GN, Jiang CQ, McGhee SM, Zhang WS, Lao XQ, Schooling M, Adab P, Lam TH, Cheng KK, Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study Steering Committee. Association of vascular risk factors with increasing glycemia even in normoglycemic subjects in an older Chinese population: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Metabolism 2006; 55(8):1035-1041.
15. de Simone G, Devereux RB, Chinali M, Roman MJ, Best LG, Welty TK, Lee ET, Howard BV, Strong Heart Study Investigators. Risk factors for arterial hypertension in adults with initial optimal blood pressure: the Strong Heart Study. Hypertension 2006; 47(2):162-167.
16. Lind L, Berne C, Lithell H. Prevalence of insulin resistance in essential hypertension. J Hypertens 1995; 13:1457-1462.
17. Landsberg L. Insulin resistance and hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 1999; 21:885-894.
18. Wildman RP, Gu D, Reynolds K, Duan X, Wu X, He J. Are waist circumference and body mass index independently associated with cardiovascular disease risk in Chinese adults? Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82(6):1195-1202.
19. Gu D, Gupta A, Muntner P, Hu S, Duan X, Chen J, Reynolds RF, Whelton PK, He J. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factor clustering among the adult population of China: results from the International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia (InterAsia). Circulation 2005; 112(5):658-665.
20. Whelton PK, Appel LJ, Espeland MA, Applegate WB, Ettinger WH Jr, Kostis JB, Kumanyika S, Lacy CR, Johnson KC, Folmar S, Cutler JA. Sodium reduction and weight loss in the treatment of hypertension in older persons: a randomized controlled trial of nonpharmacologic interventions in the elderly (TONE). TONE Collaborative Research Group. JAMA 1998; 279:839-846.
21. Miller ER III, Erlinger TP, Young DR, Jehn M, Charleston J, Rhodes D, Wasan SK, Appel LJ. Results of the Diet, Exercise, and Weight Loss Intervention Trial (DEW-IT). Hypertension 2002; 40:612.
22. Appel LJ, Champagne CM, Harsha DW, Cooper LS, Obarzanek E, Elmer PJ, Stevens VJ, Vollmer WM, Lin PH, Svetkey LP, Stedman SW, Young DR, Writing Group of the PREMIER Collaborative Research Group. Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on blood pressure control: main results of the PREMIER clinical trial. JAMA 2003; 289:2083-2093.
23. Gu D, Reynolds K, Wu X, Chen J, Duan X, Reynolds RF, Whelton PK, He J, InterASIA Collaborative Group. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and overweight among adults in China. Lancet 2005; 365(9468):1398-1405.
24. Cheung BM. The metabolic syndrome in China. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2006; 62(3):260-263.
25. Vasan RS, Larson MG, Leip EP, Evans JC, O'Donnell CJ, Kannel WB, Levy D. Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1291-1297.
26. Vasan RS, Beiser A, Seshadri S, Larson MG, Kannel WB, D'Agostino RB, Levy D. Residual lifetime risk for developing hypertension in middle-aged women and men: The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 2002; 287:1003-1010.
27. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT Jr, Roccella EJ, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003; 289(19):2560-2572.
28. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: A meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Lancet 2002; 360:1903-1913.
29. Muntner P, Gu D, Wildman RP, Chen J, Qan W, Whelton PK, He J. Prevalence of physical activity among Chinese adults: results from the International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia. Am J Public Health 2005; 95(9):1631-1636.
30. Cheung BMY. The cardiovascular continuum in Asia - a new paradigm for the metabolic syndrome. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2005; 46:125-129.