A microelectrode study of triiodide diffusion coefficients in mixtures of room temperature ionic liquids, useful for dye-sensitised solar cells

Microchimica Acta

Volumn 160, Issue 1-2, 2008, Pages 125-133

  Wachter, Phillipp ^a   Schreiner, Christian ^a   Zistler, Markus ^a   Gerhard, Dirk ^b   Wasserscheid, Peter ^b   Gores, Heiner J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF REGENSBURG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Diffusion coefficient; Ionic liquids; Microelectrode; Non Stokesian transport behaviour

Indexed keywords

EID: 38349146684     PISSN: 00263672     EISSN: 14365073     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00604-007-0803-2     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. A J Bard L R Faulkner 2001 Electrochemical methods: fundamentals and applications 2 Wiley New York 24
2. J Heinze 1993 Elektrochemie mit Ultramikroelektroden Angew Chem 105 1327
3. R M Wightman D O Wipf 1989 Voltammetry at ultramicroelectrodes A J Bard Electroanalytical chemistry 15 Marcel Dekker New York 267
4. C J Marsden P P Wolynec 1991 Steady-State voltammetry with microelectrodes: determination of heterogeneous charge-transfer rate constants for metalloporphyrin complexes Inorg Chem 30 1682
5. T Nishiumi M Md Abdul K Aoki 2005 Determination of the number of electrons by chronoamperometry at small electrodes Electrochem Commun 7 1213
6. Z Stojek 1991 New possibilities in analytical chemistry connected with voltammetric applications of microelectrodes Microchim Acta 104 353
7. S Daniele C Bragato M A Baldo 2006 A steady-state voltammetric procedure for the determination of hydrogen ions and total acid concentration in mixtures of a strong and a weak monoprotic acid Electrochim Acta 52 54
8. I A Silver 1987 Microelectrodes in medicine Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 316 161
9. W-R Schlue W Kilb D Gunzel 1997 Ultramicroelectrodes for membrane research Electrochim Acta 42 3197
10. M B Moressi H Fernández 1994 The use of microelectrodes for the determination of diffusion coefficients J Electroanal Chem 369 153
11. M Kosmulski R A Osteryoung M Ciszkowska 2000 Diffusion coefficients of ferrocene in composite materials containing ambient temperature ionic liquids J Electrochem Soc 147 1454
12. 2 films Nature 353 737
13. M Grätzel 2004 Conversion of sunlight to electric power by nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solar cells J Photochem Photobiol A 164 3
14. N Papageorgiou Y Athanassov M Armand P Bonhôte H Petterson A Azam M Grätzel 1996 The performance and stability of ambient temperature molten salts for solar cell applications J Electrochem Soc 143 3099
15. A Hinsch J M Kroon R Kern I Uhlendorf J Holzbock A Meyer J Ferber 2001 Long-term stability of dye-sensitised solar cells Prog Photovoltaics 9 425
16. J Barthel H J Gores 1994 Solution chemistry: a cutting edge in modern electrochemical technology G Mamontov A I Popov Chemistry of nonaqueous solutions Current Progress VCH New York 1 Ch 1
17. M C Buzzeo R G Evans R G Compton 2004 Non-haloaluminate room-temperature ionic liquids in electrochemistry - a review Chem Phys Chem 5 1106
18. J Zhang A M Bond 2005 Practical considerations associated with voltammetric studies in room temperature ionic liquids Analyst 130 1132
19. Kawano R, Watanabe M (2005) Anomaly of charge transport of an iodide/triiodide redox couple in an ionic liquid and its importance in dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Commun 2107
20. MacFarlane D R, Golding J, Forsyth S, Forsyth M, Deacon G B (2001) Low viscosity ionic liquids based on organic salts of the dicyanamide anion. Chem Commun 1430
21. P Wang S M Zakeeruddin R Humphry-Baker M Grätzel 2004 A binary ionic liquid electrolyte to achieve ≥7% power conversion efficiencies in dye-sensitized solar cells Chem Mater 16 2694
22. P Wang S M Zakeeruddin P Comte I Exnar M Grätzel 2003 Gelation of ionic liquid-based electrolytes with silica nanoparticles for quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells J Am Chem Soc 125 1166
23. M Zistler P Wachter P Wasserscheid D Gerhard A Hinsch R Sastrawan H J Gores 2006 Comparison of electrochemical methods for triiodide diffusion coefficient measurements and observation of non-Stokesian diffusion behaviour in binary mixtures of two ionic liquids Electrochim Acta 52 161
24. G Nazmutdinova S Sensfuss M Schrödner A Hinsch R Sastrawan D Gerhard S Himmler P Wasserscheid 2006 Quasi-solid state polymer electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells: effect of the electrolyte components variation on the triiodide ion diffusion properties and charge-transfer resistance at platinum electrode Solid State Ionics 177 3141
25. G P Smith A S Dworkin R M Pagni S P Zingg 1989 Broensted superacidity of hydrochloric acid in a liquid chloroaluminate. Aluminium chloride - 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazolium chloride J Am Chem Soc 111 525
26. 3 in Lösungsmitteln verschiedener Klassen im Bereich hoher Verdünnung bis zur reinen Salzschmelze. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Regensburg
27. J Lodermeyer M Multerer M Zistler S Jordan H J Gores W Kipferl E Diaconu M Sperl G Bayreuther 2006 Electroplating of dysprosium, electrochemical investigations, and study of magnetic properties J Electrochem Soc 153 C242
28. K Izutsu 2002 Electrochemistry in nonaqueous solutions Wiley-VCH Weinheim 168
29. K Izutsu M Ito E Sarai 1985 Silver-silver cryptate (2,2) ion electrode as a reference electrode in nonaqueous solvents Anal Sci 1 341
30. K Aoki J Osteryoung 1981 Diffusion-controlled current at the stationary finite disk electrode J Electroanal Chem 122 19
31. K Aoki J Osteryoung 1984 Formulation of the diffusion-controlled current at very small disk electrodes J Electroanal Chem 160 335
32. C G Zoski A M Bond E T Allison K B Oldham 1990 How long does it take a microelectrode to reach a voltammetric steady state Anal Chem 62 37
33. J E Baur R M Wightman 1991 Diffusion coefficients determined with microelectrodes J Electroanal Chem 305 73
34. D Shoup A Szabo 1982 Chronoamperometric current at finite disk electrodes J Electroanal Chem 140 237
35. R G Evans O V Klymenko P D Price S G Davies C Hardacre R G Compton 2005 A comparative electrochemical study of diffusion in room temperature ionic liquid solvents versus acetonitrile Chem Phys Chem 6 526
36. H Kahlert 2002 Reference electrodes F Scholz Electroanalytical methods Springer Berlin 261
37. J F Coetzee C W Gardner 1982 Exchange current densities and other properties of reference electrodes based on the triiodide-iodide and silver(I) ion-silver couples in organic solvents Anal Chem 54 2530
38. J F Coetzee C W Gardner 1982 Teflon double-junction reference electrodes for use in organic solvents Anal Chem 54 2625
39. - redox couple in an ionic liquid. Chem Commun 330
40. C A Brooks A P Doherty 2004 Concentration-dependent diffusion in room temperature ionic liquids: a microelectrode study Electrochem Commun 6 867
41. A M Bond D Luscombe K B Oldham C G Zoski 1988 A comparison of the chronoamperometric response at inlaid and recessed disc microelectrodes J Electroanal Chem 249 1
42. A B McEwen H L Ngo K LeCompte J L Goldman 1999 Electrochemical Properties of imidazolium salt electrolytes for electrochemical capacitor applications J Electrochem Soc 146 1687
43. R Kawano H Matsui C Matsuyama A Sato M A B H Susan N Tanabe M Watanabe 2004 High performance dye-sensitized solar cells using ionic liquids as their electrolytes J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 164 87
44. R A Robison R H Stokes 1970 Electrolyte solutions 2 Butterworths London 284
45. P W Atkins 1996 Physikalische Chemie 2 VCH Weinheim 802
46. K J Hanson C W Tobias 1987 Electrochemistry of iodide in propylene carbonate J Electrochem Soc 134 2204