-
1
-
-
38349171545
-
-
Kandel DB, Yamaguchi K. Stages of drug involvement in the U.S. population. In: Kandel DB, editor. Stages and pathways of drug involvement: examining the gateway hypothesis. New York (NY): Cambridge University Press; 2002. p. 65-89.
-
Kandel DB, Yamaguchi K. Stages of drug involvement in the U.S. population. In: Kandel DB, editor. Stages and pathways of drug involvement: examining the gateway hypothesis. New York (NY): Cambridge University Press; 2002. p. 65-89.
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
33644863295
-
Cannabis use other illicit drug use: Testing the cannabis gateway hypothesis
-
Fergusson DM, Boden JM, Horwood LJ. Cannabis use other illicit drug use: testing the cannabis gateway hypothesis. Addiction 2006; 101: 556-569.
-
(2006)
Addiction
, vol.101
, pp. 556-569
-
-
Fergusson, D.M.1
Boden, J.M.2
Horwood, L.J.3
-
3
-
-
33644867915
-
The scientific model of causality
-
Stolzenberg RM, editor, Boston MA, Blackwell Publishing;
-
Heckman JJ. The scientific model of causality. In: Stolzenberg RM, editor. Sociological Methodology. Vol 35. Boston (MA): Blackwell Publishing; 2005. p. 1-97
-
(2005)
Sociological Methodology
, vol.35
, pp. 1-97
-
-
Heckman, J.J.1
-
4
-
-
0012676320
-
Sensitization as a process underlying the progression of drug use via gateway drugs
-
Kandel DB, editor, New York NY, Cambridge University Press;
-
Schenk S. Sensitization as a process underlying the progression of drug use via gateway drugs. In: Kandel DB, editor. Stages and pathways of drug involvement: examining the gateway hypothesis. New York (NY): Cambridge University Press; 2002. p. 318-336.
-
(2002)
Stages and pathways of drug involvement: Examining the gateway hypothesis
, pp. 318-336
-
-
Schenk, S.1
-
5
-
-
0035163791
-
Behavioral sensitization after repeated exposure to Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cross-sensitization with morphine
-
Cadoni C, Pisanu A, Solinas M, Acquas E, Di Chiara G. Behavioral sensitization after repeated exposure to Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cross-sensitization with morphine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001; 158: 259-266.
-
(2001)
Psychopharmacology (Berl)
, vol.158
, pp. 259-266
-
-
Cadoni, C.1
Pisanu, A.2
Solinas, M.3
Acquas, E.4
Di Chiara, G.5
-
8
-
-
0038579861
-
Animal models of periadolescent substance abuse
-
Smith RF. Animal models of periadolescent substance abuse. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2003; 25: 291-301.
-
(2003)
Neurotoxicol Teratol
, vol.25
, pp. 291-301
-
-
Smith, R.F.1
-
9
-
-
0141854176
-
Adolescent-onset nicotine self-administration modeled in female rats
-
Levin ED, Rezvani AH, Montoya D, Rose JE, Swartzwelder HS. Adolescent-onset nicotine self-administration modeled in female rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2003; 169: 141-149.
-
(2003)
Psychopharmacology (Berl)
, vol.169
, pp. 141-149
-
-
Levin, E.D.1
Rezvani, A.H.2
Montoya, D.3
Rose, J.E.4
Swartzwelder, H.S.5
-
10
-
-
0034886205
-
Effects of adolescent nicotine exposure on opioid consumption and neuroendocrine responses in adult male and female rats
-
Klein LC. Effects of adolescent nicotine exposure on opioid consumption and neuroendocrine responses in adult male and female rats. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2001; 9: 251-261.
-
(2001)
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol
, vol.9
, pp. 251-261
-
-
Klein, L.C.1
-
11
-
-
1842509987
-
Cannabis and other illicit drugs: Comorbid use and abuse/dependence in males and females
-
Agrawal A, Neale MC, Prescott CA, Kendler KS. Cannabis and other illicit drugs: comorbid use and abuse/dependence in males and females. Behav Genet 2004; 34: 217-228.
-
(2004)
Behav Genet
, vol.34
, pp. 217-228
-
-
Agrawal, A.1
Neale, M.C.2
Prescott, C.A.3
Kendler, K.S.4
-
12
-
-
33745669090
-
Genetic and environmental influences on stages of alcohol use across adolescence and into young adulthood
-
Pagan JL, Rose RJ, Viken RJ, Pulkkinen L, Kaprio J, Dick DM. Genetic and environmental influences on stages of alcohol use across adolescence and into young adulthood. Behav Genet 2006; 36: 483-497.
-
(2006)
Behav Genet
, vol.36
, pp. 483-497
-
-
Pagan, J.L.1
Rose, R.J.2
Viken, R.J.3
Pulkkinen, L.4
Kaprio, J.5
Dick, D.M.6
-
13
-
-
8744310589
-
A twin study of early cannabis use and subsequent use and abuse/dependence of other illicit drugs
-
Agrawal A, Neale MC, Prescott CA, Kendler KS. A twin study of early cannabis use and subsequent use and abuse/dependence of other illicit drugs. Psychol Med 2004; 34: 1227-1237.
-
(2004)
Psychol Med
, vol.34
, pp. 1227-1237
-
-
Agrawal, A.1
Neale, M.C.2
Prescott, C.A.3
Kendler, K.S.4
-
14
-
-
0037460177
-
Escalation of drug use in early-onset cannabis users vs co-twin controls
-
Lynskey MT, Heath AC, Bucholz KK, Slutske WS, Madden PA, Nelson EC, et al. Escalation of drug use in early-onset cannabis users vs co-twin controls. JAMA 2003; 289: 427-433.
-
(2003)
JAMA
, vol.289
, pp. 427-433
-
-
Lynskey, M.T.1
Heath, A.C.2
Bucholz, K.K.3
Slutske, W.S.4
Madden, P.A.5
Nelson, E.C.6
-
15
-
-
0025424432
-
Adolescent drug use and psychological health: A longitudinal inquiry
-
Shedler J, Block J. Adolescent drug use and psychological health: a longitudinal inquiry. Am Psychol 1990; 45: 612-630.
-
(1990)
Am Psychol
, vol.45
, pp. 612-630
-
-
Shedler, J.1
Block, J.2
-
16
-
-
0012357139
-
Characteristics, nutritional and health status of addicts hospitalized for detoxification
-
Aballkhail BA. Characteristics, nutritional and health status of addicts hospitalized for detoxification. Saudi Med J 1999; 20: 536-540.
-
(1999)
Saudi Med J
, vol.20
, pp. 536-540
-
-
Aballkhail, B.A.1
-
17
-
-
0028863615
-
Development of a comprehensive treatment program for chemical dependency at Al-Amal hospital, Dammam
-
Abdel-Mawgoud M, Fateem L, Al-Sharif AI. Development of a comprehensive treatment program for chemical dependency at Al-Amal hospital, Dammam. J Subst Abuse Treat 1995; 12: 369-376.
-
(1995)
J Subst Abuse Treat
, vol.12
, pp. 369-376
-
-
Abdel-Mawgoud, M.1
Fateem, L.2
Al-Sharif, A.I.3
-
18
-
-
0033085772
-
Relapse among substance-abuse patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
-
Al-Nahedh N. Relapse among substance-abuse patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J 1999; 5: 241-246.
-
(1999)
East Mediterr Health J
, vol.5
, pp. 241-246
-
-
Al-Nahedh, N.1
-
19
-
-
0029018962
-
Sociodemographic correlates and pattern of drug abuse in eastern Saudi Arabia
-
Hafeiz HB. Sociodemographic correlates and pattern of drug abuse in eastern Saudi Arabia. Drug Alcohol Depend 1995; 38: 255-259.
-
(1995)
Drug Alcohol Depend
, vol.38
, pp. 255-259
-
-
Hafeiz, H.B.1
-
20
-
-
0033967172
-
Substance dependence. A hospital-based survey
-
Iqbal N. Substance dependence. A hospital-based survey. Saudi Med J 2000; 21: 51-57.
-
(2000)
Saudi Med J
, vol.21
, pp. 51-57
-
-
Iqbal, N.1
-
21
-
-
0001889952
-
Sociodemographic correlates, pattern and comorbidity of drug abuse among psychiatric patients
-
Qureshi NA. Sociodemographic correlates, pattern and comorbidity of drug abuse among psychiatric patients. Arab Journal of Psychiatry 1992; 2: 98-106.
-
(1992)
Arab Journal of Psychiatry
, vol.2
, pp. 98-106
-
-
Qureshi, N.A.1
-
22
-
-
0026725172
-
Trihexyphenidyl (artane) abuse among Saudi psychiatric patients
-
Qureshi NA. Trihexyphenidyl (artane) abuse among Saudi psychiatric patients. Ann Saudi Med 1992; 12: 391-394.
-
(1992)
Ann Saudi Med
, vol.12
, pp. 391-394
-
-
Qureshi, N.A.1
-
23
-
-
0030929231
-
Trihexyphenidyl dependence: A controlled investigation between users and misusers
-
Qureshi NA, Al-Amri AH, Beyari TH, Abdelgadir MH. Trihexyphenidyl dependence: a controlled investigation between users and misusers. Ann Saudi Med 1997; 17: 185-190.
-
(1997)
Ann Saudi Med
, vol.17
, pp. 185-190
-
-
Qureshi, N.A.1
Al-Amri, A.H.2
Beyari, T.H.3
Abdelgadir, M.H.4
-
24
-
-
0026606372
-
Substance abuse among patients attending a psychiatric hospital in Jeddah: A descriptive study
-
Osman AA. Substance abuse among patients attending a psychiatric hospital in Jeddah: a descriptive study. Ann Saudi Med 1992; 12: 289-293.
-
(1992)
Ann Saudi Med
, vol.12
, pp. 289-293
-
-
Osman, A.A.1
-
26
-
-
38349088646
-
-
Stata Corporation. STATA 6. Texas: Stata Corporation; 1999
-
Stata Corporation. STATA 6. Texas: Stata Corporation; 1999
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
0022461476
-
The consequences in young adulthood of adolescent drug involvement. An overview
-
Kandel DB, Davies M, Karus D, Yamaguchi K. The consequences in young adulthood of adolescent drug involvement. An overview. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986; 43: 746-754.
-
(1986)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
, vol.43
, pp. 746-754
-
-
Kandel, D.B.1
Davies, M.2
Karus, D.3
Yamaguchi, K.4
-
28
-
-
0026688185
-
Stages of progression in drug involvement from adolescence to adulthood: Further evidence for the gateway theory
-
Kandel DB, Yamaguchi K, Chen K. Stages of progression in drug involvement from adolescence to adulthood: further evidence for the gateway theory. J Stud Alcohol 1992: 53: 447-457.
-
(1992)
J Stud Alcohol
, vol.53
, pp. 447-457
-
-
Kandel, D.B.1
Yamaguchi, K.2
Chen, K.3
-
29
-
-
0027312512
-
From beer to crack. Developmental patterns of drug involvement
-
Kandel DB, Yamaguchi K. From beer to crack. Developmental patterns of drug involvement. Am J Public Health 1993; 83: 851-855.
-
(1993)
Am J Public Health
, vol.83
, pp. 851-855
-
-
Kandel, D.B.1
Yamaguchi, K.2
-
30
-
-
0021154944
-
Patterns of drug use from adolescence to young adulthood: I. Periods of risk for initiation, continued use, and discontinuation
-
Kandel DB, Logan JA. Patterns of drug use from adolescence to young adulthood: I. Periods of risk for initiation, continued use, and discontinuation. Am J Public Health 1984; 74: 660-666.
-
(1984)
Am J Public Health
, vol.74
, pp. 660-666
-
-
Kandel, D.B.1
Logan, J.A.2
-
31
-
-
0028804220
-
Early-onset drug use and risk of later drug problems
-
Anthony JC, Petronis KR. Early-onset drug use and risk of later drug problems. Drug Alcohol Depend 1995; 40: 9-15
-
(1995)
Drug Alcohol Depend
, vol.40
, pp. 9-15
-
-
Anthony, J.C.1
Petronis, K.R.2
-
32
-
-
0342437529
-
Adolescent risk factors and the prediction of persistent alcohol and drug use into adulthood
-
Bates ME, Labouvie EW. Adolescent risk factors and the prediction of persistent alcohol and drug use into adulthood. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1997; 21: 944-950.
-
(1997)
Alcohol Clin Exp Res
, vol.21
, pp. 944-950
-
-
Bates, M.E.1
Labouvie, E.W.2
|