Early discrimination of Atlantic salmon smolt age: Time course of the relative effectiveness of body size and shape

Transactions of the American Fisheries Society

Volumn 136, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 1622-1632

  Pearlstein, Jamie H ^a,b   Letcher, Benjamin H ^a   Obedzinski, Mariska ^a,b,c  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGE STRUCTURE; BODY SIZE; CLASSIFICATION; COMMERCIAL SPECIES; GROWTH RATE; LABORATORY METHOD; SALMONID; SHAPE; SMOLT; STOCK ASSESSMENT;

MASSACHUSETTS; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; WEST BROOK;

SALMO SALAR;

EID: 38349042419     PISSN: 00028487     EISSN: 15488659     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1577/T07-010.1     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Beeman, J. W., D. W. Rondorf, M. E. Tilson, and D. A. Venditti. 1995. A nonlethal measure of smolt status of juvenile steelhead based on body morphology. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 124:764-769.
2. Björnsson, B. T. 1997. The biology of salmon growth hormone: from daylight to dominance. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 17:9-17.
3. Bohlin, T., C. Dellefors, and U. Faremo. 1994. Probability of first sexual maturation of male parr in wild sea-run brown trout (Salmo trutta) depends on condition factor 1 year in advance. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51:1920-1926.
4. Bookstein, F. L., B. Chernoff, R. L. Elder, J. M. Humphries, Jr., J. R. Smith, and R. E. Strauss. 1985. Morphometrics in evolutionary biology. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Special Publication 15, Philadelphia.
5. Burnaby, T. P. 1966. Growth-invariant discriminant functions and generalized distances. Biometrics 22:96-110.
6. Fessler, J. L., and H. H. Wagner. 1969. Some morphological and biochemical changes in steelhead trout during parr-smolt transformation. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 26:2823-2841.
7. Flagg, T. A., and L. S. Smith. 1982. Changes in swimming behavior and stamina during the smoking of coho salmon. Pages 191-195 in E. L. Brannon and E. O. Salo, editors. Salmon and trout migratory behavior symposium. School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle.
8. Fleming, I. A., B. Jonsson, and M. R. Gross. 1994. Phenotypic divergence of sea-ranched, farmed, and wild salmon. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51:2808-2824.
9. Gibson, A. R., A. J. Baker, and A. Moeed. 1984. Morphometric variation in introduced populations of the common myna (Acridotheres tristis): an application of the jackknife to the principal component analysis. Systematic Zoology 33:408-421.
10. Gries, G., and B. H. Letcher. 2002. Tag retention and survival of age-0 Atlantic salmon following surgical implantation with passive integrated transponder tags. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 22:219-222.
11. Haas, G. R., and J. D. McPhail. 2001. The post-Wisconsinan glacial biogeography of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus): a multivariate morphometric approach for conservation biology and management. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58:2189-2203.
12. Heggenes, J., and N. B. Metcalfe. 1991. Bimodal size distributions in wild juvenile Atlantic salmon populations and their relationship with age at smolt migration. Journal of Fish Biology 39:905-907.
13. Hoar, W. S. 1976. Smolt transformation: evolution, behavior, and physiology. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 33:1234-1252.
14. IUBMB (International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology). 1992. Enzyme nomenclature 1992. Academic Press, San Diego, California.
15. Johnsson, J. I., E. Petersson, E. Jönsson, B. T. Björnsson, and T. Järvi. 1996. Domestication and growth hormone alter antipredator behaviour and growth patterns in juvenile brown trout, Salmo trutta. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53:1546-1554.
16. Kacem, A., F. J. Meunier, and J. L. Bagliniere. 1998. A quantitative study of morphological and histological changes in the skeleton of Salmo salar during its anadromous migration. Journal of Fish Biology 53:1096-1109.
17. Klingenberg, C. P. 1996. Multivariate allometry. Pages 23-49 in L. F. Marcus, M. Corti, G. J. P. Naylor, and D. E. Slice, editors. Advances in morphometrics. Plenum, New York.
18. Kristinsson, J. B., R. L. Saunders, and A. J. Wiggs. 1985. Growth dynamics during the development of bimodal length-frequency distribution in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture 45:1-20.
19. Letcher, B. H. 2003. Life-history-dependent morphometric variation in stream-dwelling Atlantic salmon. Oecologia 442:533-540.
20. Letcher, B. H., and G. Gries. 2003. Effects of life history variation on size and growth in stream-dwelling Atlantic salmon. Journal of Fish Biology 62:97-114.
21. Letcher, B. H., G. Gries, and F. Juanes. 2002. Survival of stream-dwelling Atlantic salmon: effects of life history variation, season, and age. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 121:838-854.
22. Lundqvist, H., S. McKinnell, H. Faengstam, and I. Berglund. 1994. The effect of time, size, and sex on recapture rates and yield after river releases of Salmo salar smolts. Aquaculture 121:245-257.
23. Marschall, E. A., T. P. Quinn, D. A. Roff, J. A. Hutchings, N. B. Metcalfe, T. A. Bakke, R. L. Saunders, and N. L. Poff. 1998. A framework for understanding Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) life history. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55:48-58.
24. +-ATPase activity. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50:656-658.
25. +-ATPase in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Journal of Comparative Physiology B 165:245-254.
26. McCormick, S. D., and R. L. Saunders. 1987. Preparatory physiological adaptations for marine life of salmonids: osmoregulation, growth, and metabolism. Pages 211-229 in American Fisheries Society, Symposium 1, Bethesda, Maryland.
27. Metcalfe, N. B. 1998. The interaction between behavior and physiology in determining life history patterns in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55:93-103.
28. Metcalfe, N. B., F. A. Huntingford, W. D. Graham, and J. E. Thorpe. 1989. Early social status and the development of life history strategies in Atlantic salmon. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 236:7-19.
29. Metcalfe, N. B., and J. E. Thorpe. 1990. Determinants of geographical variation in the age of seaward-migrating salmon, Salmo salar. Journal of Animal Ecology 59:135-145.
30. Nicieza, A. G. 1995. Morphological variation between geographically disjunct populations of Atlantic salmon: the effects of ontogeny and habitat shift. Functional Ecology 9:448-456.
31. Nicieza, A. G., F. Braña, and M. M. Toledo. 1991. Development of length-bimodality and smolting in wild stocks of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., under different growth conditions. Journal of Fish Biology 38:509-523.
32. Obedzinski, M., and B. H. Letcher. 2004. Variation in freshwater growth and development among five New England Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations reared in a common environment. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61:2314-2328.
33. Økland, F., B. Jonsson, A. J. Jensen, and L. P. Hansen. 1993. Is there a threshold size regulating seaward migration of brown trout and Atlantic salmon? Journal of Fish Biology 42:541-550.
34. Riddell, B. E., and W. C. Leggett. 1981. Evidence of an adaptive basis for geographic variation in body morphology and time of downstream migration of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 38:308-320.
35. Rohlf, F. J. 2001. tpsDig. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook.
36. Saunders, R. L., J. Duston, and T. J. Benfey. 1994. Environmental and biological factors affecting growth dynamics in relation to smolting of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 25:9-20.
37. Saunders, R. L., and E. B. Henderson. 1970. Influence of photoperiod on smolt development and growth of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 27:1295-1311.
38. Schreck, C. B. 1981. Parr-smolt transformation and behavior. Pages 164-171 in E. L. Brannon and E. O. Salo, editors. Salmon and trout migratory behavior symposium. School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle.
39. Strauss, R. E., and F. L. Bookstein. 1982. The truss-body form reconstructions in morphometrics. Systematic Zoology 31:113-135.
40. Swain, D. P., B. E. Riddell, and C. B. Murray. 1991. Morphological differences between hatchery and wild populations of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): environmental versus genetic origin. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48:1783-1791.
41. Thorpe, J. E. 1977. Bimodal distribution of length of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) under artificial rearing conditions. Journal of Fish Biology 11:175-184.
42. Thorpe, J. E., M. Mangel, N. B. Metcalfe, and F. A. Huntingford. 1998. Modelling the proximate basis of salmonid life history variation, with application to Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Evolutionary Ecology 122:581-599.
43. Thorpe, J. E., N. B. Metcalfe, and F. A. Huntingford. 1992. Behavioral influences on life history variation in juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Environmental Biology of Fishes 33:331-340.
44. Vanstone, W. E., and J. R. Markert. 1968. Some morphological and biochemical changes in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, during parr-smolt transformation. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 25:2403-2418.
45. von Cramon-Taubadel, N., E. N. Ling, D. Cotter, and N. P. Wilkins. 2005. Determination of body shape variation in Irish hatchery-reared and wild Atlantic salmon. Journal of Fish Biology 66:1471-1482.
46. Winans, G. A. 1984. Multivariate morphometric variability in Pacific salmon: technical demonstration. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 41:1150-1159.
47. Winans, G. A., and R. S. Nishioka. 1987. A multivariate description of change in body shape of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during smoltification. Aquaculture 66:235-245.